ASTM E102/E102M-93(2021)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E102/E102M − 93 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Saybolt Furol Viscosity of Bituminous Materials at High
Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E102/E102M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for 3.1 Definitions:
determining the Saybolt Furol viscosities of bituminous mate- 3.1.1 Furol—an acronym of “fuel and road oils.”
rials at specified temperatures between 120 and 240 °C [248
3.1.2 Saybolt Furol viscosity—the corrected efflux time in
and 464 °F].
seconds of 60 mLof sample flowing through a calibrated Furol
orifice under specified conditions. The viscosity value is
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
reported in Saybolt Furol seconds, abbreviated SFS, at a
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
specified temperature.
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
4. Summary of Test Method
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
4.1 The efflux time in seconds of 60 mL of sample, flowing
with the standard.
through a calibrated orifice, is measured under carefully
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
controlled conditions.The time is corrected by an orifice factor
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and reported as the viscosity of the sample at that temperature.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5. Significance and Use
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certain
See 8.1.
bituminous materials, as one element in establishing unifor-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
mity of shipments and sources of supply.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.2 This test method is an extension of Test Method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D88/D88M.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6. Apparatus
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.1 Saybolt Furol Viscometer and Bath, as shown and
2. Referenced Documents
describedinTestMethodD88/D88M,Fig.1andAnnexA1.An
externalheatermayalsobeused,butifso,itshallbemorethan
2.1 ASTM Standards:
51 mm [2 in.] from the viscometer. An aluminum-block,
D88/D88M Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
constant-temperature bath is also acceptable, and no stirring
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
device is required with this type of bath.
Open Cup Tester
D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
6.2 Displacement Ring, as shown in Fig. 1, constructed of
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
the same corrosion-resistant metal as the viscometer.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
6.3 Cover—A metal cover for the viscometer, cylindrical
Sieves
with a flat top, approximately 57 mm [2 ⁄4 in.] in diameter and
7mm[ ⁄4 in.] deep (Note 1). One hole slightly larger than the
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
diameter of a viscosity thermometer shall be drilled in the
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.05 on
Solvent-Bearing Bituminous Compounds for Roofing and Waterproofing. center of the cover, and two smaller holes to permit the vertical
Current edition approved May 1, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally
rods of the displacement ring to pass through the cover.
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E102/
E102M – 93 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/E0102_E0102M-93R21.
NOTE 1—The cover of a 90-mL [3-oz] Gill-style ointment box fulfills
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
these requirements.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.4 Thermometer Support, as shown in Test Method D88/
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. D88M, Fig. 3.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E102/E102M − 93 (2021)
6.9 Timer, graduated in fifths or tenths of a second, and
accurate to within 0.1 % when tested over a 60-min interval.
Electric timers are acceptable if operated on a controlled
frequency circuit.
6.10 Hot Plate, electric, approximately 200 mm [8 in.] in
diameter, with a three-heat switch, rated at 1200 W at the high
heat setting and 500 to 600 W at the medium heat setting.
7. Sampling
7.1 Sample the material in accordance with Practice D140/
D140M.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Clean the viscometer thoroughly with xylene, remove
all solvent from the viscometer and its gallery, and dry well.
Clean the displacement ring and receiving flask in the same
manner. Xylene is a toxic and flammable solvent; all working
areas shall be efficiently hooded and kept free of sparks and
open flames. If the viscometer is hot, vaporization of xylene
can be reduced by filling the tube rapidly and immediately
allowing it to flow out through the orifice.Awooden toothpick
may be useful in cleaning the orifice.
NOTE 2—The viscometer may be kept clean by filling with cylinder oil
immediately after each test and allowing the oil to remain in the
viscometer for several minutes before draining and cleaning with xylene
as described above. If desired, the viscometer may be kept filled with
cylinder oil between runs, draining and cleaning with xylene just before
(Material: Corrosion-resistant metal.) each test.
8.2 Set up the viscometer and bath in an area where they
FIG. 1 Displacement Ring
will not be exposed to drafts or rapid changes in air
temperature, and dust or vapors that might contaminate a
sample.
6.5 Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers, as listed in Table 1, for
8.3 Place the receiving flask beneath the viscometer so that
reading the temperature of the sample. Each thermometer shall
the graduation mark on the flask is from 100 to 130 mm [4 to
conform to the requirements listed in Specification E1 for that
5 in.] below the bottom of the viscometer tube, and so that the
ASTM thermometer number.
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