ASTM E220-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
Standard Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For users or manufacturers of thermocouples, this test method provides a means of verifying the emf-temperature characteristics of the material prior to use.
5.2 This test method can be used to calibrate a thermocouple for use as a reference, or it can be used to calibrate thermocouples representing a batch of purchased, assembled thermocouples.
5.3 This test method can be used for the verification of the conformance of thermocouple materials to temperature tolerances for specifications such as the tables in Specification E230 or other special specifications as required for commercial, military, or research applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the principles, apparatus, and procedure for calibrating thermocouples by comparison with a reference thermometer. Calibrations are covered over temperature ranges appropriate to the individual types of thermocouples within an overall range from approximately −195 °C to 1700 °C (−320 °F to 3100 °F).
1.2 In general, this test method is applicable to unused thermocouples. This test method does not apply to used thermocouples due to their potential material inhomogeneity—the effects of which cannot be identified or quantified by standard calibration techniques. Thermocouples with large-diameter thermoelements and sheathed thermocouples may require special care to control thermal conduction losses.
1.3 In this test method, all values of temperature are based on the International Temperature Scale of 1990. See Guide E1594.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E220 − 19 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E220; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E77Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
mometers
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribestheprinciples,apparatus,and
E230Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force
procedure for calibrating thermocouples by comparison with a
(emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
referencethermometer.Calibrationsarecoveredovertempera-
E344Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
ture ranges appropriate to the individual types of thermo-
etry
coupleswithinanoverallrangefromapproximately−195°Cto
E452TestMethodforCalibrationofRefractoryMetalTher-
1700 °C (−320 °F to 3100 °F).
mocouples Using a Radiation Thermometer
1.2 In general, this test method is applicable to unused
E563Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath
thermocouples. This test method does not apply to used
as a Reference Temperature
thermocouplesduetotheirpotentialmaterialinhomogeneity—
E644Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-
the effects of which cannot be identified or quantified by
mometers
standard calibration techniques. Thermocouples with large-
E1129/E1129MSpecification for Thermocouple Connectors
diameter thermoelements and sheathed thermocouples may
E1594Guide for Expression of Temperature
require special care to control thermal conduction losses.
E1684Specification for Miniature Thermocouple Connec-
tors
1.3 In this test method, all values of temperature are based
on the International Temperature Scale of 1990. See Guide E1751Guide for Temperature Electromotive Force (emf)
Tables for Non-Letter Designated Thermocouple Combi-
E1594.
nations
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E2846Guide for Thermocouple Verification
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions—ThedefinitionsgiveninTerminologyE344
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- shall apply to this test method.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.1 check standard, n—ameasurementinstrumentorstan-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
dard whose repeated results of measurement are used to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
determine the repeatability of a calibration process and to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
verifythattheresultsofacalibrationprocessesarestatistically
consistent with past results.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 isothermal block, n—a piece of solid material of high
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
thermal conductivity used to promote thermal equilibrium
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
between two or more thermometers.
3.2.3 referencejunctioncompensation,n—theadjustmentof
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on
the indication of a thermocouple such that the adjusted
Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.11
indication is equivalent to the emf or temperature that the
on Thermocouples - Calibration.
thermocouple would indicate if the reference junctions were
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2019. Published October 2019. Originally
maintained at 0°C.
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E220–13. DOI:
10.1520/E0220-19.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—In most cases, the thermocouple indi-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cation is adjusted by measuring the temperature of a terminal
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
blockwherethethermocoupleisconnected,andthenaddingto
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. thethermocoupleemfanadditionalemfequaltotheemfofthe
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E220 − 13 E220 − 19
Standard Test Method for
1
Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E220; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the principles, apparatus, and procedure for calibrating thermocouples by comparison with a
reference thermometer. Calibrations are covered over temperature ranges appropriate to the individual types of thermocouples
within an overall range from approximately −195 °C to 1700 °C (−320 °F to 3100 °F).
1.2 In general, this test method is applicable to unused thermocouples. This test method does not apply to used thermocouples
due to their potential material inhomogeneity—the effects of which cannot be identified or quantified by standard calibration
techniques. Thermocouples with large-diameter thermoelements and sheathed thermocouples may require special care to control
thermal conduction losses.
1.3 In this test method, all values of temperature are based on the International Temperature Scale of 1990. See Guide E1594.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirementslimitations prior
to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
E230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E452 Test Method for Calibration of Refractory Metal Thermocouples Using a Radiation Thermometer
E563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Reference Temperature
E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Thermometers
E1129/E1129M Specification for Thermocouple Connectors
E1594 Guide for Expression of Temperature
E1684 Specification for Miniature Thermocouple Connectors
E1751 Guide for Temperature Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Non-Letter Designated Thermocouple Combinations
E2846 Guide for Thermocouple Verification
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology E344 shall apply to this test method.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.11 on
Thermocouples - Calibration.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013Sept. 1, 2019. Published December 2013October 2019. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20072013
as E220 – 07E220 – 13.A. DOI: 10.1520/E0220-13.10.1520/E0220-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E220 − 19
3.2.1 check standard, n—a measurement instrument or standard whose repeated results of measurement are used to determine
the repeatability of a calibration process and to verify that the results of a calibration processes are statistically consistent with past
results.
3.2.2 isothermal block, n—a piece of solid material of high thermal conductivity used to promote thermal equilibrium between
two or more thermometers.
3.2.3 reference junction compensation, n—the adjustment of the indication of a thermocouple such that the adjusted indi
...
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