ASTM C51-05

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Designation:C51–05
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry)
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC 51;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Where appropriate, the various terms defined below should be prefixed with one or other of the
adjectives “high-calcium,” “magnesian,” or “dolomitic.” (Examples: dolomitic quicklime; high-
calcium hydraulic hydrated lime; magnesian or dolomitic limestone.)
The composition of a limestone should be given in terms of a percentage of the carbonates present.
In limestone of interest to the lime industry, it is usually assumed that the material consists almost
entirely of carbonates. Where this assumption is not valid, the percentage of noncarbonate material
should be determined, and the composition expressed in terms of the carbonate material present.
This terminology is as commonly used by the industry. For specific application of lime or a
limestone product, see the appropriate ASTM specification.
1. Referenced Documents into a desired reaction under the conditions of a specific
2 method or process.
1.1 ASTM Standards:
building or construction lime—a lime whose chemical and
C 270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
physical characteristics and method of processing make it
2. Terminology
suitable for the ordinary or special construction uses of the
product.
agricultural lime—either ground quicklime or hydrated lime
by-product lime—by-product limes include a variety of Cal-
whose calcium and magnesium content is capable of neu-
cium and/or Calcium/Magnesium compounds that are usable
tralizing soil acidity.
for specific applications but generally do not meet one or
agricultural limestone—ground or pulverized limestone
more specifications required of primary lime products.
whose calcium and magnesium content is capable of neu-
Examples include lime kiln dust and lime hydrator rejects. It
tralizing soil acidity.
isadvisedthatthespecificcompositions,physicalproperties,
air-slaked lime—the product containing various proportions
performance characteristics, and anticipated variabilities of
of the oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates of calcium and
such materials be evaluated for the service intended.
magnesium which results from the exposure of quicklime to
calcareous—originating from predominately calcium carbon-
the air in sufficient quantity to show physical signs of
ate or one of its derivative forms.
hydration (difficult to determine visually in pulverized
calcia—the chemical compound calcium oxide (CaO).
quicklime).
Cement-Lime Mortar—Cement-Lime Mortar primarily con-
alkaline earth solutions (AES)—an aqueous solution of the
sists of hydraulic cement, hydrated lime or lime putty,
oxide or hydroxide of an element of group IIa in the periodic
mason’s sand and water.
table, such as calcium or magnesium. These solutions may
DISCUSSION—These mortars can be specified by proportions or
be strongly alkaline. See pH.
properties indicated in Specification C 270.
available lime index—thoseconstituentsofalimewhichenter
chemical lime—a quicklime or hydrated lime whose chemical
and physical characteristics and method of processing make
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime
it suitable for one or more of the many and varied chemical
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.08 on Editorial and Nomen-
and industrial uses of the product.
clature.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published February 2005. Originally
DISCUSSION—The chemical forms of calcium oxide (CaO), calcium
approved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 51 – 02.
2 hydroxide (Ca(OH) ), magnesium oxide (MgO), or magnesium hy-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
droxide (Mg(OH) ) alone or in combination may be produced either
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 2
primarily or as a by-product of materials other than limestone, for
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. example, Ca(OH) formed by acetylene generation from calcium
2
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C51–05
carbide (CaC ), water treatment sludges, etc.
lime putty—the product obtained by slaking quicklime with
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water according to the directions of the manufacturer or by
dead burned dolomi
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