ASTM F2876-22

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Designation: F2876 − 10 (Reapproved 2015) F2876 − 22 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Thermal Rating and Installation of Internal Combustion
Engine Packages for use in Hazardous Locations in Marine
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2876; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the method of testing, rating and installation of internal combustion engine packages for use in hazardous
areas in marine applications. The thermal rating of the engine is determined by the actual readings of engine and exhaust system
temperatures within hazardous areas, as defined by references in Section 2.22 and 2.3of this practice, or as designated by the
authority having jurisdiction, or both. The goal of this practice is to thermally rate engine packages, and provide additional
installation recommendations, in order to reduce the risk of igniting the ignitable mixtures that may be present within the hazardous
areas of marine vessels.
1.2 Only a marine engine suitable for the service, designed and constructed in conformance with the requirements of 3.1.2, is
considered.
1.3 The system of units in this practice shall be SI (metric) form, along with the standard (English) system equivalent placed in
parentheses, for example, 20°C (68°F).20 °C (68 °F).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F683 Practice for Selection and Application of Thermal Insulation for Piping and Machinery
2.2 NFPA Standards:
NFPA 70 The National Electric Code (NEC), 2008
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on General
Requirements.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015June 1, 2022. Published June 2015August 2022. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as F2876
– 10. DOI:10.1520/F2876-10R15.10 (2015). DOI:10.1520/F2876-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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F2876 − 22
2.2 IEC Standards:
IEC 60092ISO/IEC 80079-20-1 Electrical installations in ships—Part 502: Tankers-Special featuresExplosive atmospheres—
Part 20-1: Material characteristics for gas and vapour classification—Test methods and data
2.3 CFR:
CFR 46 United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 46, Shipping
2.4 EN Standards:
EN 1834-1 Reciprocating internal combustion engines. Safety requirements for design and construction of engines for use in
potentially explosive atmospheres.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 hazardous location—area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is or may be expected to be present, in quantities such as
to require special precautions for the construction, installation and use of electrical apparatus and other potential heat sources.
These areas are defined by the authority having jurisdiction, or in accordance with NFPA 70 (NEC) Articles 500, 501 and 504; or
NEC Articles 500 and 505; or IEC 60092-502, or a combination thereof.jurisdiction.
3.1.2 marine engine—a compression-ignition engine designed and constructed for operation in the marine environment, regardless
of horsepower, to the applicable standards or rules of a recognized classification society in Title 46, Code of Federal Regulations,
Part 8, or a comparable engine design and construction standard.
3.1.3 ignitable mixture —a mixture of gas, such as natural gas, or similar volatile hydrocarbon gas with normal air, that will
propagate flame or explode when exposed to an ignition source.
3.1.4 ignition temperature—(explosive atmosphere)—the lowest temperature at which an ignitable mixture may be ignited.
3.1.5 maximum surface temperature—the highest temperature attained under the most severe operating conditions by any
equipment part or surface capable of igniting an ignitable mixture.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 While there have been great improvements made in the safety of electrical and electronic equipment utilized in hazardous
locations, there has been little development concerning reducing the hazards associated with high temperature surfaces of internal
combustion engines operating in the same hazardous locations. Several factors have significantly increased the temperature of hot
surfaces and exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. Some of these factors are performance related, while others have
resulted from compliance with new environmental standards.
4.2 This practice provides guidance for the temperature rating of marine internal combustion engines based on the surface
temperature exposures within a hazardous location in the marine environment.
5. General Requirements
5.1 The application of this practice will help reduce the risk of fire, or explosions, caused by ignitable gas mixtures coming in
contact with the heated surfaces and hot exhaust gases generated by compression ignition (diesel) engines used in, or near,
hazardous locations.
5.1.1 Category 2G engines fitted in Hazardous Area Zone 1 and Category 3G engines fitted in Hazardous Area Zone 2 are to
comply with criteria outlined by EN 1834-1.
NOTE 1— Category 2G and 3G engines are defined in EN 1834-1.
5.1.2 EN 1834-1 is to be applied except as modified by this practice.
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
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www.access.gpo.gov.
F2876 − 22
5.2 Marine Engine Design and Construction Requirements:
5.2.1 Special consideration should be given to engine accessories such as pumps, fans, and starter motors such that they are
constructed of suitable materials and installed in ways that will minimize friction, heat and sparking.
5.2.2 High pressure fuel piping (greater than 100 bar, or 1450 psi) installed between fuel pumps and injectors, shall be double
jacketed in order to reduce the risk of fuel spray coming in contact with hot surfaces.
5.2.3 Marine Engines and engine components shall be properly bonded and grounded to the hull.
5.2.4 The use of materials known to create, or store, static electricity shall be avoided.
5.2.5 Fans and fans blades shall be constructed of conductive, non-sparking materials.
5.2.6 Drive belts shall be conductive and the pulleys, shafts and driving equipment shall be grounded.
5.2.7 For sealed, purged or pressurized engine enclosures special considerations should be given to the use of lock outs that will
prevent the engine from starting when protective guards, insulated covers, or other attachments necessary to maintain temperature
control, are removed.
5.2.8 Sealed, purged or pressurized engine enclosures shall be designed to dampen the pressure of an internal explosion and shall
be protected against ov
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