ASTM D6157-97(2011)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6157 − 97 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Practice for
Determining the Performance of Oil/Water Separators
Subjected to a Sudden Release
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the temperature ranging from a minimum of 0 °C (32 °F) to a
maximum of 50 °C (122 °F).
1.1 This practice describes the testing procedure, any nec-
essaryrelatedapparatus,andthesamplingtechniquetobeused 1.7 This practice does not make any provisions for the
in determining the performance characteristics of an oil/water variation of pH or temperature during a test run. Refer to
separator subjected to the sudden release of a relatively large Appendix X1 for further detail.
quantity of hydrocarbons that may appear in its influent in pure
1.8 This practice can be used with a variety of hydrocar-
form or at high concentration. 2
bons. It adopts No. 2 fuel oil with a density of 845 kg/
3 3 2
1.2 This practice does not address the determination of the m (52.73 lb /ft ) and a viscosity of 1.9 to 4.1 centistokes at
m
performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected 40 °C (104 °F) and SAE 90 lubricating oil with a density (See
3 3
to surface run-off resulting from rain water draining from SAE J313) of 930 kg/m (58 lb /ft ) at 15.5 °C (60 °F) and a
m
improved or unimproved land. In this case, refer to Practice viscosity (See SAE J306) of 13.5 to <24 centistokes at 100 °C
D6104. (212 °F) as the comparative testing media. It is understood that
the results obtained from this practice are only directly
1.3 This practice does not address the determination of the
applicable to No. 2 fuel oil and SAE 90 lubricating oil for the
performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected
tested concentrations and only careful interpolation or
to a mechanically emulsified influent such as provided by a
extrapolation, or both, is allowed to other hydrocarbons. Low
pump.
viscosity or high density hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons that
1.4 This practice does not investigate the ability of the
contain a larger fraction of highly soluble compounds may
separator to handle debris or suspended solids, that is, grit or
need to be tested separately.
tree leaves.
NOTE 1—No extrapolation outside the range of the tested influent or
1.5 While the effluent may meet code requirements for total
effluent oil concentrations is allowed as performance may not be linear.
oil and grease content, this practice does not address the
Hence, to establish performance at a higher or lower concentration, the
separator shall be tested for that specific condition. In addition, linearity
presence of soluble organics, that is, benzene, toluene, ethyl-
must be established prior to using linear interpolation.
benzene and xylene (BTEX’s) that may be detected in the
1.9 Since regulations are based on effluent total hydrocar-
effluent. It also does not make any provisions for the effects of
detergents, surfactants, soaps or any water soluble matter (that bon content, this practice does not set forth any lower limits on
oil particle size for the evaluation of separator efficiency.
is, salts) or any portion of an essentially insoluble matter that
may be found in solution on separation. (Effects of certain However, a standardized means for mixing oil and water shall
be specified to ensure repeatability. It must be noted however
water soluble chemicals or solids may be investigated by
adding them to the water at predetermined constant concentra- that smaller particles, having a greater surface area to volume
ratio, rise at a slower rate than their larger counterparts. (Guide
tions.)
F933 requires that 20 % of all oil particles be smaller than or
1.6 In order to estimate the effect of water temperature on
equal to 50 µm and IMO MEPC 60 (30) does not mention any
the performance of the separator, the tests described in this
particle size requirements but asks the user to avoid emulsion
practice must be performed at two water temperatures. The
causing chemicals.)
selected temperatures must be at least 10 °C (18 °F) apart, with
1.10 Although the tests described in this practice intend to
simulate the performance of a separator subjected to a sudden
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
release, they do not cover all possible applications. It is the end
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for Analysis for
Organic Substances in Water.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6157 – 97 (2003). Ray E. Bolz and George L. Tuve, CRC Handbook of tables for Applied
nd
DOI: 10.1520/D6157-97R11. Engineering Science, 2 Edition, CRC Press, 1991.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6157 − 97 (2011)
user’s responsibility to determine whether his separation re- 3.2.2 contaminated run-off—rain water which has collected
quirements are within the scope of this practice. oilycontaminantsfromthesurfacesitcameincontactwithand
which may appear in the influent to a separator. Unlike a
1.11 Aproduct different from the general description herein
release, the level of contamination in this case is much lower.
may be tested and found to be in compliance with the
3.2.3 effluent—the aqueous release from a separator.
performance criteria set forth.
3.2.4 flow totalizer—a counter, usually attached to a flow
1.12 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
meter, that evaluates the total volume of the fluid that has
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
flowed through over a given time period.
information only.
3.2.5 influent—the oily aqueous input to a separator.
1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.6 oily discharge—any release of oily contaminants into
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the environment that exceeds the allowable limit.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.7 re-entrainment—the condition in which the level of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
contaminationoftheeffluentwaterofaseparatorcontainingoil
is higher than the influent contamination level due to internal
2. Referenced Documents
remixing. This definition usually applies to situations where
2.1 ASTM Standards:
clean water passes through a separator that already contains
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
Hydrocarbonsstoredwithinandatopthewatersoastoforman
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
interface.
D4281 Test Method for Oil and Grease (Fluorocarbon Ex-
3.2.8 release—any sudden discharge of an oily substance
tractable Substances) by Gravimetric Determination
from vessels that are specifically designed to store, contain, or
D6104 Practice for Determining the Performance of Oil/
transfer oily products such as storage tanks, pipelines, diked
Water Separators Subjected to Surface Run-Off
areas, and transfer equipment and which may appear in the
F933 Guide for Evaluation of Oil Water Separation Systems
influent to a separator.
for Spilled Oil RecoveryApplications (Withdrawn 2001)
3.2.9 separator—a flow through primary treatment device
2.2 EPA Standards:
the primary purpose of which is to separate oil from water.
EPA-413.1, “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes,” EPA 600/4-79-020
4. Summary of Practice
EPA-413.2, “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
4.1 The practice evaluates a separator’s ability to inhibit a
Wastes,” EPA 600/4-79-020
sudden release from escaping into its effluent. For this, a
EPA-1664, H-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) and
quantity of hydrocarbon constituting at least the rated oil
Silica Gel Treated N-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-
storage capacity of the separator is released at the separator’s
HEM) by Extraction and Gravimetry (Oil and Grease and
rated flow for the test conditions, either in pure form or mixed
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) EPA-821-B-94-004B
with water to form a 500 000 mg/L concentration. It is then
40 CFR Ch. 1 (7-1-95 Edition)
immediately followed with fresh water. The corresponding
2.3 SAE Standards:
effluent hydrocarbon content is determined by obtaining and
SAE J306 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Viscos-
analyzing grab samples.
ity Classification
SAE J313 Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice — (R) 4.2 The data generated in this practice are considered valid
Diesel Fuels
for the separators tested only. However, the results of these
tests may be extrapolated to smaller or larger size separators
3. Terminology
provided that applicable geometric and dynamic similitude are
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this maintained. Where the use of extrapolation is not applicable,
practice, refer to Terminology D1129. that size unit must be subjected to testing.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 4.3 Other concentrations and quantities of hydrocarbons
3.2.1 calibration—the certified evaluation of the accuracy may be used. However, this shall be noted in the report and
of a measuring instrument as performed by its manufacturer or when referencing this practice.
an independent licensed or accredited third party.
4.4 For the purpose of this test, the water temperature
should be between 50°F and 70°F and the pH of the water
3 between 6 and 9.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5. Significance and Use
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
4 5.1 The Clean Water Act promulgated the implementation
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
of water quality standards and contamination limits for a wide
on www.astm.org.
Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ariel
range of pollutants including oil and grease. Specifically, the
Rios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http://
USEPA, in 40 CFR Ch. 1, prohibits “the discharges of oil that
www.epa.gov.
causeafilmorsheenuponorcausediscolorationofthesurface
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
PA 1509
...