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ASTM E633-21a

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Use of Thermocouples in Elevated-Temperature Mechanical Testing

Standard Guide for Use of Thermocouples in Elevated-Temperature Mechanical Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This guide presents techniques on the use of thermocouples and associated equipment for measuring temperature in elevated-temperature mechanical testing under typical conditions. Test durations range from minutes for tension, compression, Young's modulus, and superplastic property tests to thousands of hours for creep, stress-rupture, creep rupture, notch tension, and stress-relaxation tests.  
6.2 Since elevated-temperature mechanical properties are highly sensitive to temperature, users should make every effort practicable to make accurate temperature measurements and provide stable control of the test temperature. The goal of this guide is to provide users with good pyrometric practice and techniques for precise temperature control for elevated-temperature mechanical testing.  
6.3 Techniques are given in this guide for maintaining a stable temperature throughout the period of test.  
6.4 If the techniques of this guide are followed, the difference between indicated temperature and true temperature, as used in Test Methods E21, E111, E139, E292, E328, E2448, and Practice E209 will be reduced to the lowest practical level.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of ANSI thermocouple Types listed in Specification E230/E230M for elevated-temperature mechanical testing at temperatures typical in testing of metals.
Note 1: Typical conditions for mechanical testing are specified temperatures up to 1800 °F (982 °C) in air at one atmosphere of pressure.  
1.1.1 This guide focuses on most commonly used base metal and noble metal ANSI type K, N, R, and S thermocouples.  
1.1.2 Other ANSI thermocouple types that are listed in Specification E230/E230M may be used if the specific precautions and maximum temperatures for their use are followed.  
1.1.3 It does not cover the use of sheathed thermocouples.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2021
ICS
17.200.20 - Temperature-measuring instruments
Technical Committee
E28 - Mechanical Testing
Drafting Committee
E28.04 - Uniaxial Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E633 − 21a
Standard Guide for
Use of Thermocouples in Elevated-Temperature Mechanical
1
Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide provides basic information, options, and guidelines to enable the user to apply
thermocouples, temperature-measuring systems, and temperature-control systems with sufficient
accuracy to satisfy the temperature requirements for elevated-temperature mechanical testing of
materials.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This guide covers the use ofANSI thermocouple Types
2.1 ASTM Standards:
listed in Specification E230/E230M for elevated-temperature
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of MechanicalTesting
mechanical testing at temperatures typical in testing of metals.
E21TestMethodsforElevatedTemperatureTensionTestsof
Metallic Materials
NOTE 1—Typical conditions for mechanical testing are specified tem-
peratures up to 1800°F (982°C) in air at one atmosphere of pressure.
E111Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus,
and Chord Modulus
1.1.1 This guide focuses on most commonly used base
E139Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,
metal and noble metal ANSI type K, N, R, and S thermo-
and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
couples.
E209PracticeforCompressionTestsofMetallicMaterialsat
1.1.2 Other ANSI thermocouple types that are listed in
Elevated Temperatures with Conventional or Rapid Heat-
Specification E230/E230M may be used if the specific precau-
ing Rates and Strain Rates
tions and maximum temperatures for their use are followed.
1.1.3 It does not cover the use of sheathed thermocouples. E220Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
Comparison Techniques
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
E230/E230MSpecification for Temperature-Electromotive
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
E292Test Methods for ConductingTime-for-Rupture Notch
and are not considered standard.
Tension Tests of Materials
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E328Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Structures
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E344Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
etry
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E574Specification for Duplex, Base Metal Thermocouple
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Wire With Glass Fiber or Silica Fiber Insulation
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E1129/E1129MSpecification for Thermocouple Connectors
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
E1684Specification for Miniature Thermocouple Connec-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tors
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
E2448Test Method for Determining the Superplastic Prop-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
erties of Metallic Sheet Materials
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical
2
TestingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE28.04onUniaxialTesting. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published January 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as E633–13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0633-21A. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E633 − 21a
3. Terminology 7. Apparatus
3.1 Definitions of terms common to mechanical testing that
7.1 Instrumentation may be individual instruments, a data
appear in Terminology E6 apply to this standard, including
acquisition system (multipoint recorders or digital type), a
accuracy, calibration, indicated temperature, metrological
computer-based control system, or a combination of these
traceability, reduced paralle
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E633 − 21 E633 − 21a
Standard Guide for
Use of Thermocouples in Elevated-Temperature Mechanical
1
Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide provides basic information, options, and guidelines to enable the user to apply
thermocouples, temperature measurement, and control equipmenttemperature-measuring systems, and
temperature-control systems with sufficient accuracy to satisfy the temperature requirements for
elevated-temperature mechanical testing of materials.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers the use of ANSI thermocouple Types listed in Specification E230/E230M for elevated-temperature
mechanical testing at temperatures typical in testing of metals.
NOTE 1—Typical conditions for mechanical testing are specified temperatures up to 1800 °F (982 °C) in air at one atmosphere of pressure.
1.1.1 This guide focuses on most commonly used base metal and noble metal ANSI type K, N, R, and S thermocouples.
1.1.2 Other ANSI thermocouple types that are listed in Specification E230/E230M may be used if the specific precautions and
maximum temperatures for their use are followed.
1.1.3 It does not cover the use of sheathed thermocouples.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial Testing.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021Nov. 1, 2021. Published March 2021January 2022. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20132021 as
E633–13. DOI: 10.1520/E0633-21.10.1520/E0633-21A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E633 − 21a
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials
E111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
E209 Practice for Compression Tests of Metallic Materials at Elevated Temperatures with Conventional or Rapid Heating Rates
and Strain Rates
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E230/E230M Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch Tension Tests of Materials
E328 Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials and Structures
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E574 Specification for Duplex, Base Metal Thermocouple Wire With Glass Fiber or Silica Fiber Insulation
E1129/E1129M Specification for Thermocouple Connectors
E1684 Specification for Miniature Thermocouple Connectors
E2448 Test Method for Determining the Superplastic Properties of Metallic Sheet Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Unless otherwise indicated, the definitions given Definitions of terms common to mechanical testing that appear
in Terminology E6 apply to this standard, including accuracy, calibration, indicated temperature, metrological traceability, reduced
parallel section, temperature-measuring system, specified temperature, and E344 shall apply.verification.
3.2 Some specific definitio
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to be used by wire producers and thermocouple manufacturers for certification of refractory metal thermocouples. It is intended to provide a consistent method for calibration of refractory metal thermocouples referenced to a calibrated radiation thermometer. Uncertainty in calibration and operation of the radiation thermometer, and proper construction and use of the test furnace are of primary importance.  
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1.2.2 Type 2—Assemblies in which loose fitting ceramic insulating pieces, such as single-bore or double-bore tubes, are placed over the thermoelements.  
1.2.3 Type 2A—Assemblies in which loose fitting ceramic insulating pieces, such as single-bore or double-bore tubes, are placed over the thermoelements, permanently enclosed and sealed in a loose fitting metal or ceramic tube.  
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This specification covers the requirements for bare solid conductors made of tungsten and rhenium alloy thermoelements supplied in matched pairs. These thermoelements shall be suitable for use in either bead-insulated, bare-wire thermocouples, or in compacted metal-sheathed, ceramic insulated thermocouple material or assemblies. Unless otherwise noted, all information in this specification applies to both thermocouple combinations of tungsten-3 % rhenium versus tungsten-25 % rhenium (W3Re/W25Re) and tungsten-5 % rhenium versus tungsten-26 % rhenium (W5Re/W26Re; Type C). Thermoelements should meet specified physical, mechanical, thermoelectric, and compositional requirements.
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1.3 General Design—Nominal sizes of the finished thermocouples shall be 0.0400 in., 0.0625 in., 0.125 in., 0.1875 in., or 0.250 in. [1.000 mm, 1.500 mm, 3.000 mm, 4.500 mm, or 6.000 mm]. Sheath dimensions and tolerances for each nominal size shall be in accordance with Table 1 and Figs. 1 and 2. The measuring junction styles for thermocouples covered by this specification are as follows:  
FIG. 1 Grounded Measuring Junction, Style G  
FIG. 2 Ungrounded Measuring Junction, Style U  
1.3.1 Style G2  (grounded)—The measuring junction is electrically connected to its conductive sheath, and  
1.3.2 Style U2 (ungrounded)—The measuring junction is electrically isolated from its conductive sheath and from reference ground.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents or conversions; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recomm...

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ASTM E585/E585M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Compacted Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed, Base Metal Thermocouple Cable

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the required material, processing and testing requirements, and also the optional supplementary testing and quality assurance and verification choices for compacted, mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed, base metal thermocouple cables with at least two thermoelements. The material of construction includes standard base metal thermoelements, austenitic stainless steel or other corrosion resistant sheath material, and either magnesia (MgO) or alumina (Al2O3) insulation. The required tests to which the thermocouple cables shall undergo for quality verification are dimensions, insulation resistance at room temperature, calibration, electrical continuity, insulation density, sheath integrity, and EMF versus temperature values.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for compacted, mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed (MIMS), base metal thermocouple cable,2 with at least two thermoelements.3  
1.2 This specification describes the required material, processing and testing requirements, optional supplementary testing, quality assurance, and verification choices.  
1.3 The material of construction includes standard base metal thermoelements, austenitic stainless steel or other corrosion resistant sheath material, and either magnesia (MgO) or alumina (Al2O3) insulation.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
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  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM E1350-18(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Testing Sheathed Thermocouples, Thermocouple Assemblies, and Connecting Wires Prior to, and After Installation or Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test procedures confirm and document that the thermocouple assembly was not damaged prior to or during the installation process and that the extension wires are properly connected.  
5.2 The test procedures should be used when thermocouple assemblies are first installed in their working environment.  
5.3 In the event of subsequent thermocouple failure, these procedures will provide benchmark data to verify failure and may help to identify the cause of failure.  
5.4 The usefulness and purpose of the applicable tests will be found within each category.  
5.5 These tests are not meant to ensure that the thermocouple assembly will measure temperatures accurately. Such assurance is derived from proper thermocouple and instrumentation selection and proper placement in the location at which the temperature is to be measured. For further information, the reader is directed to MNL 12, Manual on the Use of the Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement2 which is an excellent reference document on metal sheathed thermocouple uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for users to test metal sheathed thermocouple assemblies, including the extension wires just prior to and after installation or some period of service.  
1.2 The tests are intended to ensure that the thermocouple assemblies have not been damaged during storage or installation, to ensure that the extension wires have been attached to connectors and terminals with the correct polarity, and to provide benchmark data for later reference when testing to assess possible damage of the thermocouple assembly after operation. Some of these tests may not be appropriate for thermocouples that have been exposed to temperatures higher than the recommended limits for the particular type.  
1.3 The tests described herein include methods to measure the following characteristics of installed sheathed thermocouple assemblies and to provide benchmark data for determining if the thermocouple assembly has been subsequently damaged in operation:  
1.3.1 Loop Resistance:  
1.3.1.1 Thermoelements,
1.3.1.2 Combined extension wires and thermoelements.  
1.3.2 Insulation Resistance:  
1.3.2.1 Insulation, thermocouple assembly,
1.3.2.2 Insulation, thermocouple assembly and extension wires.  
1.3.3 Seebeck Voltage:  
1.3.3.1 Thermoelements,
1.3.3.2 Combined extension wires and thermocouple assembly.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3142-18a(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thermal Lag of Thermal Analysis Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Differing temperature rates-of-change may be required for different measurements (for example, Test Method E698). Temperature calibration changes as a function of temperature rate-of-change. The use of the known thermal lag of an apparatus may be used to adjust the temperature calibration of the apparatus obtained at one temperature rate-of-change with that at another required for a given applications. This adjustment procedure for temperature calibration is described in 8.1.  
5.2 This test method may be used in research, quality assurance, and specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method addresses the dependence of temperature calibration on the temperature rate-of-change. This test method describes the determination of the thermal lag of thermal analysis apparatus and its application to the modification of the temperature calibration for that apparatus obtained at alternative linear temperature rates-of-change.  
1.2 This test method is applicable, but not limited to, the temperature calibration of differential thermal analyzers (DTAs), differential scanning calorimeters (DSCs), thermogravimetric analyzers (TGAs), thermomechanical analyzers (TMAs), and dynamic mechanical analyzers (DMAs).  
1.3 This test method is applicable only to apparatus demonstrating a linear relationship between indicated temperature and temperature rate-of-change.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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