ASTM F414-06

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: F 414 – 06
Standard Test Method for
Energy Absorbed by a Tire When Deformed by Slow-Moving
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Plunger
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Modern Metric System
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tire
3. Terminology
plunger energy required to completely penetrate the tread area
3.1 Definitions:
of an inflated tire as indicated by a rupture, loss of inflation
3.1.1 bottom out, v—to deform a tire by radial load on the
pressure, sudden drop in plunger force or bottom-out. The test
tread until radial movement of the inside surface is stopped by
requires utilization of a laboratory testing machine capable of
the rim or other tire inside surface. F 538
slowly penetrating the tread surface of a tire with a plunger
3.1.2 groove, n—a void that is relatively narrow compared
having a hemispherical end.
to its length. F 538
1.2 This test method is applicable to pneumatic tires for
3.1.3 load range, n—a letter designation (A, B, C, D) or, for
vehicles normally used on the road.
P-metric tires, standard load (SL) or extra load (XL), used to
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
identify a given size tire with its load and inflation limits when
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
used in a specific type of service. F 538
information only.
3.1.4 load rating [M], n—the maximum load a tire is rated
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to carry for a given usage at a specific cold inflation pressure.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
F 538
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.5 maximum load rating [M], n—of a passenger tire, the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
load rating at the maximum permissible cold inflation pressure
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for that tire. F 538
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.6 maximum plunger travel [L], n—in tire testing, the
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relative displacement of tread surface by a plunger, measured
2.1 ASTM Standards:
from the point of initial contact of the plunger with the tread
D 4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method
surface to the point of maximum force at rupture or at the
Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing
bottom-out point. F 538
Industries
3.1.7 nominal plunger energy,W=(F 3 P)/2, n—in tire
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
testing, one half of the product of a peak force (required to
F 538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-
rupture the tire structure in tread area) and maximum plunger
formance of Tires
travel into a tire at the time of rupture. F 538
F 1082 Practice for Tires-Determining Precision for Test
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3.1.8 plunger, n—in tire testing, a cylindrical rod with a
Method Standards
hemispherical end. F 538
SI10-02 IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard
3.1.9 void, n—a volume (in the annular tread band) defined
for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The
by the lack of rubber; the depth dimension of this volume may
vary from point to point in (on) the tread band. F 538
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.30 on Laboratory (Non-
4. Summary of Test Method
Vehicular) Testing.
4.1 This test method measures tire plunger energy required
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2006. Published August 2006. Originally
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 414 – 00. to force a cylindrical plunger with a hemispherical end into the
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tread of the tire to produce a rupture of the carcass or a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
bottom-out condition.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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Withdrawn.
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F414–06
5. Significance and Use minimum Rockwell hardness 35 HRC, and polished to a
16-µin. (0.50-µm) finish or better with no visible tool marks, is
5.1 This test method establishes a standard procedure of test
required. It must be long enough to penetrate from the
and provides data that can be related to tire strength, but does
undeformed tire tread surface to the bottom-out condition.
not measure tire performance o
...