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ASTM D7615/D7615M-23

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

Standard Practice for Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying static open-hole tensile and compressive strength test methods to determine the fatigue behavior of composite materials subjected to cyclic tensile or compressive forces, or both. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.  
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D5766/D5766M and D6484/D6484M with provisions for testing specimens under cyclic loading. Several important test specimen parameters, for example fatigue force (stress) ratio, are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 This practice is limited to test specimens subjected to constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either engineering stress or applied force may be used as a constant amplitude fatigue variable. The repetitive loadings may be tensile, compressive, or reversed, depending upon the test specimen and procedure utilized.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2023
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.05 - Structural Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7615/D7615M-19 - Standard Practice for Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
01-Sep-2023
Refers
ASTM D6484/D6484M-20 - Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
01-Oct-2020
Referred By
ASTM D8509/D8509M-23 - Standard Guide for Test Method Selection and Test Specimen Design for Bolted Joint Related Properties
Effective Date
01-Sep-2023
Referred By
ASTM D4762-23 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2023
Referred By
ASTM D6484/D6484M-23 - Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
01-Sep-2023

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ASTM D7615/D7615M-23 - Standard Practice for Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite LaminatesASTM D7615/D7615M-23 - Standard Practice for Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7615/D7615M − 23
Standard Practice for
Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite
1
Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7615/D7615M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying static
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
open-hole tensile and compressive strength test methods to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
determine the fatigue behavior of composite materials sub-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
jected to cyclic tensile or compressive forces, or both. The
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber rein-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
forced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction.
The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are
2. Referenced Documents
described in 8.2.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D5766/
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D5766M and D6484/D6484M with provisions for testing
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
specimens under cyclic loading. Several important test speci-
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Prop-
men parameters, for example fatigue force (stress) ratio, are not
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require
Composite Materials
that these parameters be specified and reported.
D5766/D5766M Test Method for Open-Hole Tensile
1.3 This practice is limited to test specimens subjected to Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is
D6484/D6484M Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive
controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either engineering
D8509 Guide for Test Method Selection and Test Specimen
stress or applied force may be used as a constant amplitude
Design for Bolted Joint Related Properties
fatigue variable. The repetitive loadings may be tensile, E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
compressive, or reversed, depending upon the test specimen
ing Machines
and procedure utilized. E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
someter Systems
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
Lot or Process
used independently of the other, and values from the two
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
systems shall not be combined.
ASTM Test Methods
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
brackets.
E467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dy-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
namic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E739 Guide for Statistical Analysis of Linear or Linearized
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Stress-Life (S-N) and Strain-Life (ε-N) Fatigue Data
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite
Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on Structural Test
2
Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023. Published September 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D7615/D7615M – 19. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7615_
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7615/D7615M − 19 D7615/D7615M − 23
Standard Practice for
Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite
1
Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7615/D7615M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying static open-hole tensile and compressive strength test methods to determine
the fatigue behavior of composite materials subjected to cyclic tensile or compressive forces, or both. The composite material
forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced
with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D5766/D5766M and D6484/D6484M with provisions for testing specimens under
cyclic loading. Several important test specimen parameters, for example fatigue force (stress) ratio, are not mandated by this
practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.
1.3 This practice is limited to test specimens subjected to constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is controlled
so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either engineering stress or applied force
may be used as a constant amplitude fatigue variable. The repetitive loadings may be tensile, compressive, or reversed, depending
upon the test specimen and procedure utilized.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on Structural Test
Methods.
Current edition approved April 1, 2019Sept. 1, 2023. Published May 2019September 2023. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20182019 as
D7615/D7615M–11(2018).D7615/D7615M – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D7615_D7615M-19.10.1520/D7615_D7615M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7615/D7615M − 23
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D5766/D5766M Test Method for Open-Hole Tensile Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
D6484/D6484M Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
D8509 Guide for Test Method Selection and Test Specimen Design for Bolted Joint Related Properties
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
...

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5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.  
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5.2.5 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M.  
5.2.6 To measure the indentation response of the specimen with and without bending us...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjected to a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Procedures are specified for determining the damage resistance for a test specimen supported over a circular opening and for a rigidly-backed test specimen. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials.
FIG. 1 Quasi-Static Indentation Test  
1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions are provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.  
1.2 A flat, square composite plate is subjected to an out-of-plane, concentrated force by slowly pressing a hemispherical indenter into the surface. The damage resistance is quantified in terms of a critical contact force to cause a specific size and type of damage in the specimen.  
1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance testing. The indented plate can be subsequently tested in accordance with Test Method D7137/D7137M to measure residual strength properties. Drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M may be used as an alternate method of creating damage from an out-of-plane force and measuring damage resistance properties.  
1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, indenter geometry, force, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound u...

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ASTM
ASTM D7766/D7766M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions that allow Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made using sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a sandwich panel is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 Sandwich damage resistance testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effects of facing geometry, facing stacking sequence, facing-to-core interface, core geometry (cell size, cell wall thickness, core thickness, etc.), core density, core strength, processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular sandwich panel to a concentrated quasi-static indentation force, drop-weight impact force, or impact energy.  
5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for sandwich constructions with different facing, core or adhesive materials. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and location(s), indentation or impact force magnitudes, impact energy magnitudes, as well as the force versus time curve.  
5.2.3 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D8287/D8287M and Practice D8388/D8388M.  
5.2.4 Quasi-static indentation tests can also be used to identify a specific sequence of damage events (only the final damage state is identifiable after a drop-weight impact test).  
5.3 The properties obtained using these practices can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage resistance capability of sandwich structures with similar materials, geometry, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage resistance of a sandwich structu...
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1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying laminate quasi-static indentation and drop-weight impact test methods to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb, truss cores and fiber-reinforced cores).  
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) with provisions for testing sandwich specimens. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facing thickness, core thickness and core density) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 Three test procedures are provided. Procedures A and B correspond to D6264/D6264M test procedures for rigidlybacked and edge-supported test conditions, respectively. Procedure C corresponds to D7136/D7136M test procedures. All three procedures are suitable for imparting damage to a sandwich specimen in preparation for subsequent damage tolerance testing in accordance with Test Method D8287/D8287M (compressive loading) and Practice D8388/D8388M (flexural loading).  
1.4 In general, Procedure A is considered to be the most suitable procedure for comparative damage resistance assessments, due to reduced influence of flexural stiffness and support fixture characteristics upon damage formation. However, the selection of a test procedure and associated support conditions should be done in consideration of the intended structural application, and as such Procedures B and C may be more appropriate for comparative purposes for some applications.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not ...

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ASTM
ASTM D7137/D7137M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance and damage tolerance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 The residual strength data obtained using this test method is most commonly used in material specifications and research and development activities. The data are not intended for use in establishing design allowables, as the results are specific to the geometry and physical conditions tested and are generally not scalable to other configurations. Its usefulness in establishing quality assurance requirements is also limited, due to the inherent variability of induced damage, as well as the dependency of damage tolerance response upon the pre-existent damage state.  
5.3 The properties obtained using this test method can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage tolerance capability of composite structures of similar material, thickness, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage tolerance of a composite structure is highly dependent upon several factors including geometry, stiffness, support conditions, and so forth. Significant differences in the relationships between the existent damage state and the residual compressive strength can result due to differences in these parameters. For example, residual strength and stiffness properties obtained using this test method would more likely reflect the damage tolerance characteristics of an un-stiffened monolithic skin or web than that of a skin attached to substructure which resists out-of-plane deformation. Similarly, test specimen properties would be expected to be similar to those of a panel with equivalent length and width dimensions, in comparison to those of a panel significantly larger than the test specimen.  
5.4 The reporting section requires it...
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1.1 This test method covers compression residual strength properties of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates, which have been subjected to quasi-static indentation per Test Method D6264/D6264M or drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M prior to application of compressive force. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites with multidirectional fiber orientations, and which are both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.
Note 1: When used to determine the residual strength of drop-weight impacted plates, this test method is commonly referred to as the Compression After Impact, or CAI, method.  
1.2 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular composite plate, previously subjected to a damaging event, which is tested under compressive loading using a stabilization fixture.
Note 2: The damage tolerance properties obtained are particular to the type, geometry and location of damage inflicted upon the plate.  
1.3 The properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, damage type, damage size, damage location, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.4 This test method can be used to test undamaged polymer matrix composite plates, but historically such tests have demonstrated a relatively high incidence of undesirable failure modes (such as end crushing). Test Method D6641/D6641M is recommended for obtaining compressive properties of undamaged polymer matrix composites.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiv...

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