iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D7766/D7766M-23

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions

Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions that allow Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made using sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a sandwich panel is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 Sandwich damage resistance testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effects of facing geometry, facing stacking sequence, facing-to-core interface, core geometry (cell size, cell wall thickness, core thickness, etc.), core density, core strength, processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular sandwich panel to a concentrated quasi-static indentation force, drop-weight impact force, or impact energy.  
5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for sandwich constructions with different facing, core or adhesive materials. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and location(s), indentation or impact force magnitudes, impact energy magnitudes, as well as the force versus time curve.  
5.2.3 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D8287/D8287M and Practice D8388/D8388M.  
5.2.4 Quasi-static indentation tests can also be used to identify a specific sequence of damage events (only the final damage state is identifiable after a drop-weight impact test).  
5.3 The properties obtained using these practices can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage resistance capability of sandwich structures with similar materials, geometry, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage resistance of a sandwich structu...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying laminate quasi-static indentation and drop-weight impact test methods to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb, truss cores and fiber-reinforced cores).  
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) with provisions for testing sandwich specimens. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facing thickness, core thickness and core density) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 Three test procedures are provided. Procedures A and B correspond to D6264/D6264M test procedures for rigidlybacked and edge-supported test conditions, respectively. Procedure C corresponds to D7136/D7136M test procedures. All three procedures are suitable for imparting damage to a sandwich specimen in preparation for subsequent damage tolerance testing in accordance with Test Method D8287/D8287M (compressive loading) and Practice D8388/D8388M (flexural loading).  
1.4 In general, Procedure A is considered to be the most suitable procedure for comparative damage resistance assessments, due to reduced influence of flexural stiffness and support fixture characteristics upon damage formation. However, the selection of a test procedure and associated support conditions should be done in consideration of the intended structural application, and as such Procedures B and C may be more appropriate for comparative purposes for some applications.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not ...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2023
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.09 - Sandwich Construction
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D5229/D5229M-20 - Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020

Buy Standard

ASTM D7766/D7766M-23 - Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich ConstructionsASTM D7766/D7766M-23 - Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D7766/D7766M-23 - Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions
English language
10 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM D7766/D7766M-23 - Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich ConstructionsREDLINE ASTM D7766/D7766M-23 - Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions
PreviousNext
Standard
REDLINE ASTM D7766/D7766M-23 - Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions
English language
10 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7766/D7766M − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7766/D7766M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying lami-
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
nate quasi-static indentation and drop-weight impact test meth-
from the two systems shall not be combined.
ods to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich
1.5.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
constructions. Permissible core material forms include those
brackets.
with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(such as honeycomb, truss cores and fiber-reinforced cores).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D6264/
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) with provisions for
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
testing sandwich specimens. Several important test specimen
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
parameters (for example, facing thickness, core thickness and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
core density) are not mandated by this practice; however,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
reported.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 Three test procedures are provided. Procedures A and B
correspond to D6264/D6264M test procedures for rigidly-
2. Referenced Documents
backed and edge-supported test conditions, respectively. Pro-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cedure C corresponds to D7136/D7136M test procedures. All
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
three procedures are suitable for imparting damage to a
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
sandwich specimen in preparation for subsequent damage
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
tolerance testing in accordance with Test Method D8287/
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
D8287M (compressive loading) and Practice D8388/D8388M
Materials
(flexural loading).
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
1.4 In general, Procedure A is considered to be the most
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Prop-
suitable procedure for comparative damage resistance
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
assessments, due to reduced influence of flexural stiffness and
Composite Materials
support fixture characteristics upon damage formation.
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
However, the selection of a test procedure and associated
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
support conditions should be done in consideration of the
tion
intended structural application, and as such Procedures B and
D6264/D6264M Test Method for Measuring the Damage
C may be more appropriate for comparative purposes for some
Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Com-
applications.
posite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force
D7136/D7136M Test Method for Measuring the Damage
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Com-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
posite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite
Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Sandwich
2
Construction. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7766/D7766M – 16. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7766/D7766M − 16 D7766/D7766M − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7766/D7766M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying laminate quasi-static indentation and drop-weight impact test methods to
determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous
bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb, truss
cores and fiber-reinforced cores).
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for
drop-weight impact testing) with provisions for testing sandwich specimens. Several important test specimen parameters (for
example, facing thickness, core thickness and core density) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require
that these parameters be specified and reported.
1.3 Three test procedures are provided. Procedures A and B correspond to D6264/D6264M test procedures for rigidlybacked and
edge-supported test conditions, respectively. Procedure C corresponds to D7136/D7136M test procedures. All three procedures are
suitable for imparting damage to a sandwich specimen in preparation for subsequent damage tolerance testing.testing in accordance
with Test Method D8287/D8287M (compressive loading) and Practice D8388/D8388M (flexural loading).
1.4 In general, Procedure A is considered to be the most suitable procedure for comparative damage resistance assessments, due
to reduced influence of flexural stiffness and support fixture characteristics upon damage formation. However, the selection of a
test procedure and associated support conditions should be done in consideration of the intended structural application, and as such
Procedures B and C may be more appropriate for comparative purposes for some applications.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustto ensure conformance with the standard, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.shall not be combined.
1.5.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Sandwich
Construction.
Current edition approved May 15, 2016May 1, 2023. Published June 2016June 2023. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
D7766/D7766MD7766/D7766M – 16.–11. DOI: 10.1520/D7766_D7766M-16.10.1520/D7766_D7766M-23.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7766/D7766M − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Preparati
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D5961/D5961M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the bearing response of pinned or fastened joints using multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by double-shear tensile loading (Procedure A), single-shear tensile or compressive loading of a two-piece specimen (Procedure B), single-shear tensile loading of a one-piece specimen (Procedure C), or double-shear compressive loading (Procedure D). Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for each procedure. However, when fully documented in the test report, a number of test parameters may be optionally varied. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
1.2 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of MIL-HDBK-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a bearing response test method.  
1.3 The multi-fastener test configurations described in this test method are similar to those used by industry to investigate the bypass portion of the bearing bypass interaction response for bolted joints, where the specimen may produce either a bearing failure mode or a bypass failure mode. Note that the scope of this test method is limited to bearing and fastener failure modes. Use Test Method D7248/D7248M for by-pass testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    31 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    31 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5766/D5766M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Tensile Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the open-hole tensile strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7137/D7137M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance and damage tolerance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 The residual strength data obtained using this test method is most commonly used in material specifications and research and development activities. The data are not intended for use in establishing design allowables, as the results are specific to the geometry and physical conditions tested and are generally not scalable to other configurations. Its usefulness in establishing quality assurance requirements is also limited, due to the inherent variability of induced damage, as well as the dependency of damage tolerance response upon the pre-existent damage state.  
5.3 The properties obtained using this test method can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage tolerance capability of composite structures of similar material, thickness, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage tolerance of a composite structure is highly dependent upon several factors including geometry, stiffness, support conditions, and so forth. Significant differences in the relationships between the existent damage state and the residual compressive strength can result due to differences in these parameters. For example, residual strength and stiffness properties obtained using this test method would more likely reflect the damage tolerance characteristics of an un-stiffened monolithic skin or web than that of a skin attached to substructure which resists out-of-plane deformation. Similarly, test specimen properties would be expected to be similar to those of a panel with equivalent length and width dimensions, in comparison to those of a panel significantly larger than the test specimen.  
5.4 The reporting section requires it...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers compression residual strength properties of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates, which have been subjected to quasi-static indentation per Test Method D6264/D6264M or drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M prior to application of compressive force. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites with multidirectional fiber orientations, and which are both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.
Note 1: When used to determine the residual strength of drop-weight impacted plates, this test method is commonly referred to as the Compression After Impact, or CAI, method.  
1.2 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular composite plate, previously subjected to a damaging event, which is tested under compressive loading using a stabilization fixture.
Note 2: The damage tolerance properties obtained are particular to the type, geometry and location of damage inflicted upon the plate.  
1.3 The properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, damage type, damage size, damage location, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.4 This test method can be used to test undamaged polymer matrix composite plates, but historically such tests have demonstrated a relatively high incidence of undesirable failure modes (such as end crushing). Test Method D6641/D6641M is recommended for obtaining compressive properties of undamaged polymer matrix composites.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiv...

  • Standard
    16 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    16 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6264/D6264M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 QSI testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To simulate the force-displacement relationships of impacts governed by boundary conditions (1-7).5 These are typically relatively large-mass low-velocity hard-body impacts on plates with a relatively small unsupported region. Since the test is run slowly in displacement control, the desired damage state can be obtained in a controlled manner. Associating specific damage events with a force during a drop-weight impact test is often difficult due to the oscillations in the force history. In addition, a specific sequence of damage events may be identified during quasi-static loading while the final damage state is only identifiable after a drop-weight impact test.  
5.2.2 To provide an estimate of the impact energy required to obtain a similar damage state for drop-weight impact testing if all others parameters are held constant.  
5.2.3 To establish quantitatively the effects of stacking sequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular composite laminate to a concentrated indentation force.  
5.2.4 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for composite materials with different constituents. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and through-thickness locations, Fmax , Ea, and Emax, as well as the force versus indenter displacement curve.  
5.2.5 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M.  
5.2.6 To measure the indentation response of the specimen with and without bending us...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjected to a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Procedures are specified for determining the damage resistance for a test specimen supported over a circular opening and for a rigidly-backed test specimen. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials.
FIG. 1 Quasi-Static Indentation Test  
1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions are provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.  
1.2 A flat, square composite plate is subjected to an out-of-plane, concentrated force by slowly pressing a hemispherical indenter into the surface. The damage resistance is quantified in terms of a critical contact force to cause a specific size and type of damage in the specimen.  
1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance testing. The indented plate can be subsequently tested in accordance with Test Method D7137/D7137M to measure residual strength properties. Drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M may be used as an alternate method of creating damage from an out-of-plane force and measuring damage resistance properties.  
1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, indenter geometry, force, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound u...

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8454/D8454M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Sandwich Constructions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a standard method of determining the open-hole (notched) strength of the sandwich panel for structural design allowables, material specifications, and research and development.  
5.2 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence notched sandwich compressive strength to be reported; these include the following: facesheet and core materials, core density, cell size and wall thickness if applicable, film adhesive, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up orientation, facesheet stacking sequence and thickness, core thickness, overall specimen thickness, specimen geometry (including hole diameter, diameter-to-thickness ratio, and width-to-diameter ratio), specimen preparation (especially of the hole), specimen conditioning, environment of testing, type, specimen/fixture alignment, time at temperature, and speed of testing. Further, notched sandwich compressive strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facesheets of the same material.  
5.3 The compression strength from this test may not be equivalent to the compression strength of sandwich structures subjected to flexural compression testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the open-hole compressive strength of sandwich constructions in a direction parallel to the sandwich facesheet plane. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facesheet thickness, core thickness, and core density) are not mandated by this test method; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular specimen, with a centrally located open through-hole, which is tested under edgewise compressive loading using a stabilization fixture.  
1.4 The properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include: specimen geometry, sandwich component materials and dimensions (facesheet, core, and adhesive), methods of fabrication, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other sandwich constructions, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.5 This test method can be used to test unnotched specimens, but care should be taken to prevent undesirable failure modes such as end crushing. ASTM Test Methods C364 or D7249/D7249M are the recommended test methods for unnotched sandwich panel compression strength or long beam flexure, respectively.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8287/D8287M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Sandwich Composite Panels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance and residual strength properties of a sandwich construction is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 The residual strength data obtained using this test method is most commonly used in material selection, research and development activities, and establishing design allowables.  
5.3 The properties obtained using this test method can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated residual strength capability of sandwich constructions of similar facesheet and core material, adhesive, facesheet and core thickness, facesheet stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the residual strength of sandwich constructions is highly dependent upon several factors including geometry, thickness, stiffness, support conditions, and so forth. Significant differences in the relationships between the damage state and the residual compressive strength can result due to differences in these parameters.  
5.4 The compression strength from this test may not be equivalent to the compression strength of sandwich structures subjected to flexural compression testing.  
5.5 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence residual compressive strength to be reported; these include the following: facesheet and core materials, core density, cell size and wall thickness if applicable, film adhesive, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up orientation, facesheet stacking sequence and thickness, core thickness, overall specimen thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, type, size and location of damage (including method of non-destructive inspection), specimen/fixture alignment and gripping, time at temperature, and speed of testing.  
5.6 Results from the residual strength assessmen...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers compression residual strength properties of sandwich constructions that have been subjected to quasi-static indentation or drop-weight impact per Practice D7766/D7766M.
Note 1: When used to determine the residual strength of drop-weight impacted plates, this test method is commonly referred to as the Sandwich Compression After Impact test method.  
1.2 Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facesheet thickness, core thickness, and core density) are not mandated by this test method; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular specimen, previously subjected to a damaging event, which is tested under edgewise compressive loading using a stabilization fixture.  
1.4 The properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include; specimen geometry, sandwich component materials and dimensions (facesheet, core, and adhesive), methods of fabrication, the type, size, and location of damage and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other sandwich constructions, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.5 This test method can be used to test undamaged specimens, but care should be taken to prevent undesirable failure modes such as end crushing. Test Methods C364 and D7249/D7249M are the recommended test methods for undamaged sandwich panel compression strength by edgewise compression or long beam flexure, respectively.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6.1 Within the text, t...

  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7291/D7291M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Through-Thickness “Flatwise” Tensile Strength and Elastic Modulus of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce through-thickness failure data for structural design and analysis, quality assurance, and research and development. Factors that influence the through-thickness tensile strength, and should therefore be reported, include the following: material and fabric reinforcement, methods of material and fabric preparation, methods of processing and specimen fabrication, specimen stacking sequence, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume reinforcement content.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the through-thickness “flatwise” tensile strength and elastic modulus of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. A tensile force is applied normal to the plane of the composite laminate using adhesively bonded thick metal end-tabs. The composite material forms are limited to continuous fiber (unidirectional reinforcement or two-dimensional fabric) or discontinuous fiber (nonwoven or chopped) reinforced composites.  
1.2 The through-thickness strength results using this test method will in general not be comparable to Test Method D6415 since this method subjects a relatively large volume of material to an almost uniform stress field while Test Method D6415 subjects a small volume of material to a non-uniform stress field.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM C366/C366M-16(2022)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Thickness of Sandwich Cores

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Normally, a close tolerance is desirable for core thickness so that sandwich panels may be manufactured with all the sandwich components fitting properly and without crushing the core.  
5.2 These test methods are designed for measuring thickness of core as it is produced and are not intended for use in determining dimensions of core specimens for other tests.  
5.3 These test methods provide standard methods of obtaining the core thickness of flat sandwich core materials, and provide a basis for determining average thickness dimensions. The thickness properties derived may be used in design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.  
5.4 Factors that influence core thickness measurement and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material through-thickness rigidity, surface roughness, specimen geometry (including warpage), specimen preparation, methods of dimensional measurement, specimen conditioning, and moisture content during dimensional measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover plant manufacturing procedures for measuring the thickness of flat sandwich cores. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb). The two test methods covered include the following:  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Roller-Type Thickness Tester.  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Disk-Type Thickness Tester.
Note 1: These test methods are designed for measuring thickness of core as it is produced and are not intended for use in determining dimensions of core specimens for other tests.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM C365/C365M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flatwise Compressive Properties of Sandwich Cores

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flatwise compressive strength and modulus are fundamental mechanical properties of sandwich cores that are used in designing sandwich panels. Deformation data can be obtained, and from a complete force versus deformation curve, it is possible to compute the compressive stress at any applied force (such as compressive stress at proportional limit force or compressive strength at the maximum force) and to compute the effective modulus of the core.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining the flatwise compressive strength and modulus for sandwich core structural design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.  
5.3 In order to prevent local crushing of some honeycomb cores, it is often desirable to stabilize the facing plane surfaces with a suitable material, such as a thin layer of resin or thin facings. Flatwise compressive strength data may be generated using either stabilized specimens (reported as stabilized compression strength) or non-stabilized specimens (reported as bare compression strength). It is customary aerospace industry practice to determine compression modulus only when using stabilized specimens.  
5.4 Factors that influence the flatwise compressive strength and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material, methods of material fabrication, core geometry (cell size), core density, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, and speed of testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength and modulus of sandwich cores. These properties are usually determined for design purposes in a direction normal to the plane of the face sheets (also referred to as the facing plane) as the core would be placed in a structural sandwich construction. The test procedures pertain to compression in this direction in particular, but also can be applied with possible minor variations to determining compressive properties in other directions. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 This test method does not cover the determination of compressive core crush properties. Reference Test Method D7336/D7336M for determination of static energy absorption properties of honeycomb sandwich core materials.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3800-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fiber density is useful in the evaluation of new materials at the research and development level and is one of the material properties normally given in fiber specifications.  
5.2 Fiber density is used to determine fiber strength and modulus of both a fiber bundle and an individual filament. These properties are based on load or modulus slope over an effective area. Fiber density may be used with lineal mass of the fiber to give an approximation of effective tow area. Tow area divided by the average number of filaments in a tow gives an approximation of the effective area of an individual filament.  
5.3 Fiber density is used as a constituent property when determining reinforcement volume and void volume based on reinforcement mass and laminate density.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of high-modulus fibers and is applicable to both continuous and discontinuous fibers.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional information.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off