ASTM D8132/D8132M-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Prepreg Impregnation by Permeability Measurement
Standard Test Method for Determination of Prepreg Impregnation by Permeability Measurement
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It is well known that the prepreg impregnation level affects handling characteristics, tack and drape, and final part quality. Resin impregnation level is the dominant factor in the ability of removing air and volatiles from the layup during processing. Partially impregnated prepreg materials can in some applications provide higher quality, lower void content composite parts, and are becoming increasingly more common due to the desire to cure out-of-autoclave, using vacuum bag-only processes. This test can identify small changes in the material impregnation level which can assist in definition of production processes or shipping and handling procedures. The value of permeability can be used for specifying ranges as acceptance requirements for prepreg materials, thus enabling the prepreg manufacturer and user greater confidence in the ability to produce repeatable and high quality parts. This test directly determines the actual air flow propensity of the material tested without any applied compaction pressure during testing.
5.2 Factors that influence the permeability of the tested prepreg material shall be reported including: prepreg material, orientation, location on roll, width, length, thickness, and actual atmospheric pressure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the in-plane permeability of composite prepreg (pre-impregnated) materials as a measure of level of impregnation. Permissible prepreg materials include those reinforced with carbon, glass, aramid, thermoplastic and other fibers impregnated with a thermoset or thermoplastic matrix resin, creating a single ply sheet material. The reinforcements may be unidirectional or woven fabrics.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8132/D8132M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Prepreg Impregnation by Permeability
1
Measurement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8132/D8132M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 This test method determines the in-plane permeability of
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
composite prepreg (pre-impregnated) materials as a measure of
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
level of impregnation. Permissible prepreg materials include
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
those reinforced with carbon, glass, aramid, thermoplastic and
other fibers impregnated with a thermoset or thermoplastic
3. Terminology
matrix resin, creating a single ply sheet material. The reinforce-
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
ments may be unidirectional or woven fabrics.
to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D883 defines terms relating to plastics. Terminology E456 and
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Practice E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
a conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
precedence over the other terminologies.
used independently of the other, and values from the two
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
systems shall not be combined.
3.2.1 as cast—pertaining to the transparent and smooth
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in
surface of an acrylic block.
brackets.
3.2.2 acrylic block assembly—the acrylic blocks nested
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
together or clamped together but that are otherwise oriented or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
joined together only for a temporary process.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.3 cut side—machined surface of an acrylic block.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.4 permeability—material property that determines flow
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
through a porous medium. Within this standard, used to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
determine the air transport of prepreg materials in the in-plane
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
directions.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.5 permeability test apparatus—the vacuum test chamber
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
with known volume where the permeability test specimen is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
mounted and tested to determine permeability.
3.2.6 permeability test specimen—specimen prepared for
2. Referenced Documents
the permeability test.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3 Symbols
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
A = cross-sectional area of the prepreg test specimen
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
CV = coefficient of variation of a sample population for a
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With
given property (in percent)
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
FAW = fiber areal weight
Lot or Process
H = prepreg thickness
ID = inner diameter
1
K = permeability
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.03 on
K = normalized permeability (independent of prepreg
n
Constituent/Precursor Properties.
thickness)
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally
L = length of prepreg sample
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8132/D8132M – 17.
DOI: 10.1520/D8132_D8132M-23. OD = outer diameter
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8132/D8132M − 23
P = absolute pressure in vacuum chamber (P as a function of orientation, location on roll, width, length, thickness, and
time) actual atmospheric pressure.
P = actual atmospheric pressure
atm
P = init
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8132/D8132M − 17 D8132/D8132M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Prepreg Impregnation by Permeability
1
Measurement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8132/D8132M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the in-plane permeability of composite prepreg (pre-impregnated) materials as a measure of level
of impregnation. Permissible prepreg materials include those reinforced with carbon, glass, aramid, thermoplastic and other fibers
impregnated with a thermoset or thermoplastic matrix resin, creating a single ply sheet material. The reinforcements may be
unidirectional or woven fabrics.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology D883
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.03 on
Constituent/Precursor Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017Sept. 1, 2023. Published September 2017October 2023. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
D8132/D8132M – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D8132_D8132M-1710.1520/D8132_D8132M-23.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8132/D8132M − 23
defines terms relating to plastics. Terminology E456 and Practice E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of a conflict
between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence over the other terminologies.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 as cast—pertaining to the transparent and smooth surface of an acrylic block.
3.2.2 acrylic block assembly—the acrylic blocks nested together or clamped together but that are otherwise oriented or joined
together only for a temporary process.
3.2.3 cut side—machined surface of an acrylic block.
3.2.4 permeability—Materialmaterial property that determines flow through a porous medium. Used Within this standard, used to
determine the air transport of prepreg materials in the in-plane directions.
3.2.5 permeability test apparatus—the vacuum test chamber with known volume where the permeability test specimen is mounted
and tested to determine permeability.
3.2.6 permeability test specimen—the vacuum test chamber with known volume where the permeability test specimen is mounted
and tested to determine permeability.specimen prepared for the permeability test.
3.3 Symbols
A = cross-sectional area of the prepreg test specimen
CV = coefficient of variation statistic of a sample population for a given property (in percent)
FAW = fiber areal weight
H = prepreg thickness
ID = inner diameter
K =
...
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