ASTM E3072-22a

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Designation: E3072 − 22 E3072 − 22a
Standard Terminology for
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Industrial Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3072; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is a repository for the terms, and their standardized definitions, as relates to the technical standards generated
by Committee E62 on Industrial Biotechnology. Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology. The meanings and explanations of the
technical terms have been written for both the nonexpert and the expert user.
1.2 At a minimum, this terminology is updated annually (at a time corresponding to the publication of the Annual Book of ASTM
Standards containing this terminology standard) to include editorially any terms approved in the committee’s technical standards.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2363 Terminology Relating to Process Analytical Technology in the Pharmaceutical Industry
3. Terminology
aerobic fermentation, n—fermentation processes that require the presence of oxygen. (E2363)
anaerobic fermentation, n—fermentation processes conducted in the absence of oxygen. (E2363)
applied biology, n—the application of the theories and principles of biology for practical purposes.
biocatalyst, n—enzyme, nucleic acid, or organism capable of accelerating a chemical reaction or conversion.
biochemical, n—chemical produced by biological systems.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E62 on Industrial Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E62.91 on Terminology.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2022Aug. 15, 2022. Published August 2022. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 20192022 as E3072–19.–22.
DOI: 10.1520/E3072–22.10.1520/E3072–22A.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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E3072 − 22a
bioeconomy, n—the segment of the economy driven by innovation in agriculture and biotechnology.
DISCUSSION—
Focused on sustainable production of goods and services from renewable and waste feedstocks.
bioprocess, n—a process requiring a biocatalyst.
bioproduct, n—material or product derived from a biological source or through a biological process.
biorefining, v—processing systems using physical, biological (for example, fermentation), chemical methods, or combinations
of these, by which biobased products are separated into partially or fully purified fractions, which may be further converted into
new chemical entities.
enzyme, n—protein-based molecule that is capable of catalyzing a chemical reaction.
enzyme activity, n—Catalytic activity associated with enzymatically-active protein.
DISCUSSION—
Defined as the ability to convert a given amount of substrate to product per unit time. Expressed as units (U) of enzyme activity.
exon, n—part of an open reading frame that encodes any part of the final gene product.
fermentation, n—the biochemical reaction process where microorganisms in a nutrient medium convert a feedstock to a
product. (E2363)
genetically engineered microorganism (GEM), n—a microorganism where one or more sequences of DNA has been
intentionally altered relative to the parent microorganism.
genome, n—the sum of all genetic material within an organism, composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucl
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