ASTM D7014-22

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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Designation: D7014 − 18 D7014 − 22
Standard Practice for
Installation of Double-Twisted Wire Mesh Gabions and Revet
Mattresses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected units of measurement statement in June 2021.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers standard practice for foundation preparation, assembly, placement and filling of double-twisted wire
mesh gabions and revet mattresses used for various erosion control, soil retention or freestanding structures.
1.2 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of
action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not
all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the
standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process."
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A975 Specification for Double-Twisted Hexagonal Mesh Gabions and Revet Mattresses (Metallic-Coated Steel Wire or
Metallic-Coated Steel Wire With Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Coating)
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D6711 Practice for Specifying Rock to Fill Gabions, Revet Mattresses, and Gabion Mattresses
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and Sediment
Control Technology.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018June 1, 2022. Published February 2018June 2022. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20102018 as
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D7014–10.–18 . DOI: 10.1520/D7014-18E01.10.1520/D7014-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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D7014 − 22
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 selvedge wire, n—a terminal wire used to edge the wire mesh perpendicular to the double twist by mechanically wrapping
the mesh wires around it at least 2.5 times or by inserting it through the twists and folding one mesh length.
3.2.2 edge wire, n—a terminal wire used to edge the wire mesh parallel to the double twist by continuously weaving it into the
wire mesh.
3.2.3 lacing wire, n—for gabions and revet mattresses, a metallic coated steel wire or metallic coated steel wire with PVC coating
used to assemble and interconnect empty units, to close and secure stone filled units and for internal stiffeners.
3.2.4 fastener, n—an alternate connector to lacing wire, used for binding operations for gabions and revet mattresses.
3.2.5 stiffener, n—for gabions, a length of metallic coated steel wire or metallic coated steel wire with PVC coating used for
support of facing by connecting the front panel to the back panel of a gabion (stiffener formed at the project site using wire having
the same diameter as for the lacing wire) or across the corners of a gabion cell (pre-formed stiffener as specified in Specification
facing.A975).
3.2.5.1 Discussion—
Stiffeners can be formed at project site using lacing wire by connecting the front panel to the back panel of a gabion cell.
Alternatively, preformed stiffeners can be installed across the corner of a gabion cell or connecting the front panel to the back panel
of a gabion cell as specified in Specification A975.
3.2.6 diaphragm, n—in erosion control, wire mesh panel used to partition the gabions and revet mattresses into compartments.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Gabions and Revet Mattresses, as described in Specification A975, are used to achieve soil stability and prevent soil erosion
and are also used as retaining wall structures to resist movements due to gravity. Their ability to function properly depends on
correct design and installation. This standard practice describes the proper installation of gabions and revet mattresses to ensure
the products function as intended by the manufacturers.
5. Material Delivery
5.1 Gabions and revet mattresses are manufactured with all components mechanically connected at the production facility with
the exception of the mattress lid, which is produced separately from the base, as per Specification A975. All gabions and revet
mattresses shall be labeled to show their dimensions, the number of pieces, and the manufacturer’s color code if applicable.
5.2 All gabions and revet mattresses are supplied in the collapsed form, either folded and bundled or rolled, for shipping. The
bundles are banded together at the factory for shipping and handling. Revet mattress bases and lids may be packed in separate
bundles. Lacing wire is shipped in coils having a diameter approximately 0.60 m (2 ft). Fasteners are shipped in boxes. Preformed
stiffeners are shipped in bundles.
6. Assembly
6.1 Gabions:
6.1.1 The folded units shall be taken out from the bundle and placed on a hard, flat surface. Gabions shall be unfolded and pressed
out to their original shape (Fig. 1). Front, back and end panels shall be lifted to a vertical position to form an open box shape (Fig.
2).
6.1.2 Panels shall be fastened together with the projecting heavier gauge selvedge wire by firmly wrapping the selvedge wire
D7014 − 22
FIG. 1 Unfolding Gabion
FIG. 2 Assembled Gabion
around the selvedge or edge wire of the intersecting panel or the back panel (Fig. 3). Inner diaphragm panels shall be lifted into
a vertical position and secured in the same manner. All edges of the diaphragms and end panels shall be tied or fastened to the
front and back of the gabion as specified in Section 7.
6.2 Revet Mattresses:
D7014 − 22
FIG. 3 Selvedge Connection—End and Front Panel to Back Panel
6.2.1 The folded units shall be taken out from the bundle and placed on a hard, flat surface. Revet mattresses shall be opened,
unfolded and pressed out to their original shape. Front, back and end panels shall be lifted to a vertical position to form an open
box shape (Fig. 4).
6.2.2 End flaps shall be folded and/or overlapped, as appropriate. All edges of the diaphragms and end panels shall be tied or
fastened to the front and back of the mattress, as specified in Section 7.
FIG. 4 Assembly—Revet Mattresses
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7. Fastening Procedure
7.1 All gabions and revet mattresses must be fastened as specified in 7.2 and 7.3 at each step of construction. Initial assembly,
tying of adjacent units along the contacting edges, tying of the lid to sides, tying of lid to top of diaphragms, and re-tying of cut
gabions or revet mattresses.
7.2 When using tie wire, cut a piece of wire approximately 1.5 times the length of the edge to be tied. The maximum length of
the edge to be tied at one time shall not exceed 1 m (or 3 ft). Longer edges shall be joined by several lengths of wire. Tie wires
shall be secured around the selvedge wire or heavier edge wire, where present, by looping and twisting the lacing wire around
itself. Proceed tying with alternate double and single loops. Double loops shall be made at intervals not greater than 0.10 m to 0.15
m (4 in. to 6 in.) (Fig. 5). The basket pieces should be pulled tightly together during the tying operation. The other end of the tie
wire shall be secured again by looping and twisting the wire around itself. When using tie wire to assemble the units, pliers may
be used to create tight joints. Care should be taken to avoid damaging the wire coating. Minimum requirements for panel to panel
joint strength using tie wire shall be as specified in Specification A975.
7.3 When steel wire ring fasteners are used, the use of either a mechanical or a pneumatic fastening tool is required. Rings shall
be installed at the top and the bottom connections of the end and c
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