ASTM E1312-09
(Practice)Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Ferromagnetic Cylindrical Bar Product Above the Curie Temperature
Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Ferromagnetic Cylindrical Bar Product Above the Curie Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this practice is to describe a procedure for in-line-eddy-current examination of hot cylindrical bars in the range of diameters listed in 1.2 for large and repetitive discontinuities that may form during processing.
The discontinuities in bar product capable of being detected by the electromagnetic method are listed in 1.3.1. The method is capable of detecting surface and some subsurface discontinuities that are typically in the order of 0.030 in. (0.75 mm) and deeper, but some shallower discontinuities might also be found.
Discontinuities that are narrow and deep, but short in length, are readily detectable by both probe and encircling coils because they cause abrupt flux changes. Surface and subsurface discontinuities (if the electromagnetic frequency provides sufficient effective depth of penetration) can be detected by this method.
Discontinuities such as scratches or seams that are continuous and uniform for the full length of cut length bars or extend for extensive linear distances in coiled product may not always be detected when encircling coils are used. These are more detectable with probe coils by intercepting the discontinuity in their rotation around the circumference.
The orientation and type of coil are important parameters in coil design because they influence the detectability of discontinuities.
The eddy current method is sensitive to metallurgical variations that occur as a result of processing, thus all received signals above the alarm level are not necessarily indicative of defective product.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for eddy-current examination of hot ferromagnetic bars above the Curie temperature where the product is essentially nonmagnetic, but below 2100°F (1149°C).
1.2 This practice is intended for use on bar products having diameters of ½ in. (12.7 mm) to 8 in. (203 mm) at linear throughput speeds up to 1200 ft/min (366 m/min). Larger or smaller diameters may be examined by agreement between the using parties.
1.3 The purpose of this practice is to provide a procedure for in-line eddy-current examination of bars during processing for the detection of major or gross surface discontinuities.
1.3.1 The types of discontinuities capable of being detected are commonly referred to as: slivers, laps, seams, roll-ins (scale, dross, and so forth), and mechanical damage such as scratches, scores, or indentations.
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. They must be specified by agreement between the using parties.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E1312 − 09
StandardPractice for
Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of
Ferromagnetic Cylindrical Bar Product Above the Curie
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1312; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers procedures for eddy-current exami- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
nation of hot ferromagnetic bars above the Curie temperature E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
where the product is essentially nonmagnetic, but below Testing
2100°F (1149°C). E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
2.2 Other Documents:
1.2 This practice is intended for use on bar products having
1 SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
diameters of ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) to 8 in. (203 mm) at linear
3
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
throughput speeds up to 1200 ft/min (366 m/min). Larger or
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
smaller diameters may be examined by agreement between the
3
cation of NDT Personnel
using parties.
2.3 AIA Standard:
1.3 Thepurposeofthispracticeistoprovideaprocedurefor
NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
in-line eddy-current examination of bars during processing for
4
Testing Personnel
the detection of major or gross surface discontinuities.
1.3.1 The types of discontinuities capable of being detected
3. Terminology
are commonly referred to as: slivers, laps, seams, roll-ins
3.1 Standard terminology relating to electromagnetic ex-
(scale, dross, and so forth), and mechanical damage such as
amination may be found in Terminology E1316, Section C:
scratches, scores, or indentations.
Electromagnetic Testing.
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria.
They must be specified by agreement between the using
4. Summary of Practice
parties.
4.1 Principle—The major advantage of examining ferro-
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
magnetic bar product above the Curie temperature with eddy
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
currents is the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio obtained without
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
the need for magnetic saturation.
and are not considered standard.
4.2 Sensors—This examination may be performed with
1.6 This practice does not purport to address all of the
various types or designs of encircling coils or with probe coils
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
that are fixed or rotating.
responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- the ASTM website.
3
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
Electromagnetic Method. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
ϵ1
in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1312 - 99(2004) . DOI: WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
10.1520/E1312-09.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1312 − 09
4.2.1 One or more exciter or sensor coils is used to encircle 5.4 The eddy current method is sensitive to metallurgical
the bar through which the product to be examined is passed. variations that occur as a result of processing, thus all received
signals above the alarm level are not necessarily indicative of
When the hot bar is in close proximity to the sensing and
defective product.
exciting coils, eddy currents are induced in the hot product by
an alternating current. The sensing coil detects the electromag-
6. Basis of Application
netic flux related to these currents. Changes or disruptions in
the normal flux pattern indicate the presence of discontinuities.
6.1 Personnel Qualification—If specified in the contractual
This technique is capable of examining the entire circu
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E1312–99 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: E 1312 – 09
Standard Practice for
Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of
Ferromagnetic Cylindrical Bar Product Above the Curie
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1312; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made to provide consistent terminology, where applicable in May 2004.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers procedures for eddy-current examination of hot ferromagnetic bars above the Curie temperature where
the product is essentially nonmagnetic, but below 2100°F [1149°C]. (1149°C).
1
1.2 This practice is intended for use on bar products having diameters of ⁄2 in. [12.7 mm](12.7 mm) to 8 in. [203 mm](203 mm)
at linear throughput speeds up to 1200 ft/min [366 m/min].(366 m/min). Larger or smaller diameters may be examined by
agreement between the using parties.
1.3 The purpose of this practice is to provide a procedure for in-line eddy-current examination of bars during processing for the
detection of major or gross surface discontinuities.
1.3.1 The types of discontinuities capable of being detected are commonly referred to as: slivers, laps, seams, roll-ins (scale,
dross, and so forth), and mechanical damage such as scratches, scores, or indentations.
1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. They must be specified by agreement between the using parties.
1.5
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 543 PracticeSpecification for Evaluating Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
2.2 Other Documents:
3
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
3
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
2.3 AIA Standard:
4
NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions—Terminology E1316 shall apply to the terms used in this practice.
3.1 Standard terminology relating to electromagnetic examination may be found in Terminology E 1316, Section C:
Electromagnetic Testing.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E1312-99.
´1
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 1312 - 99(2004) .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from The American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Available from the Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20005.
4
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1312–09
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Principle—The major advantage of examining ferromagnetic bar product above the Curie temperature with eddy currents
is the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio obtained without the need for magnetic saturation.
4.2 Sensors—This examination may be performed with various types or designs of encircling coils
...
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