ASTM F1158-94

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Designation: F 1158 – 94
Standard Guide for
1
Inspection and Evaluation of Tampering of Security Seals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope to possibly reapply the seal, has been made. In all cases, the
guidelines are meant to focus attention on signs of attack and
1.1 This guide covers procedures for the inspection and
reapplication.
evaluation of tampering of security seals.
1.2 A security seal is a device intended to detect tampering
5. Seal Classification
or entry. Evaluate only single use locking devices under this
5.1 General—For the purpose of comparing seal physical
guide. The following procedures shall serve as guidelines for
properties, seal classes are grouped according to the following
detecting attempts at defeat and reapplication of a security seal.
description of applicable seals:
1.3 This guide is not intended to be fully comprehensive;
5.2 Groups:
certain types of security seals, such as labels, have not been
5.2.1 Group 1—Flexible cable and wire seals.
addressed to date. Further, it is the responsibility of users of
5.2.2 Group 2—Strap, cinch seals.
this guide to interpret their specific security needs concerning
5.2.3 Group 3—Rigid bolt and rod seals, including heavy
the use of seals, and to determine the grade of seal appropriate
duty metal padlock type.
for their particular application. ASTM assumes no responsibil-
5.2.4 Group 4—Twisted rod or wire seals (pigtail).
ity for losses occurring as a result of a defeated seal.
5.2.5 Group 5—Padlock type seals, scored seals, metal, or
2. Referenced Documents plastic base.
5.2.6 Group 6—Fiber optic seals.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
F 832 Classification for Security Seals
6. Guidelines for Inspection and Evaluation of
2
F 883 Performance Specification for Padlocks
Tampering
F 946 Guide for Establishing Security Seal Control and
2
6.1 Group 1 Seals (Cable and Wire Seals)—Inspect for a
Accountability Procedures
frayed appearance at the point where the main length of cable
3. Teminology or wire meets the locking portion of the seal. Usually under
compression, if this region of the seal has been twisted free of
3.1 Definition:
its retaining junction at the locking point, it may provide visual
3.1.1 seal—a passive, one-time locking device used to
indication that the uniform pattern of material has been
detect tampering or entry, afford limited resistance (to entry) or
disturbed. The attempt at reinsertion of the cable into the
provide a combination of both functional aspects.
locking mechanism, if successful, may also be detected by easy
4. Significance and Use withdrawal of the cable by hand at time of inspection.
6.2 Group 2 Seals (Strap, Cinch, or Nonscored Seals)—
4.1 If a seal can be opened by any means and successfully
Inspect to reveal scratches or nicks adjacent to the locking
reapplied without exhibiting signs indicative of prior attack,
mechanism of the seal. Deformation of the locking mechanism
the integral quality of the seal is in serious question. This guide
by forcible expansion of the lock point will be readily visible
allows that any particular method of attempted defeat can be
if the attack involved such manipulation. As with the Group 1
employed to defeat a seal, and concentrates not on the
seals, pulling on the seal by hand may be sufficient to indicate
effectiveness of the seal to resist that attack, but rather on the
if reapplication into the damaged locking mechanism has been
nature of the individual seal to inhibit reapplication.
affected. In the case of attack through methods of fatiguing
4.2 This standard presents guidelines for inspection to assist
(cyclic loading), plastic seals can reveal a bank of discoloration
in determining whether an attempt to defeat a security seal, and
or lightening at the point of attack.
6.3 Group 3 Seals (Bolt, Rod Seals, and Steel Padlock
Types)—Inspect for evidence of scratches or nicks on the body
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-12 on Security
of the seal to indicate that prying or picking of the locking
Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.50 on
Locking Devices. mechanism has taken place. Deformation of the body due to
Current edition approved July 15, 1994. Published September 1994. Originally
impact loads may also serve to indicate that tampering has
published as F 1158 – 88. Last previous edition F 1158 – 88.
occurred. Pulling the seal by hand or adding a turning motion
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.
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