ASTM D4977-03(2009)

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4977–03 Designation: D 4977 – 03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Granule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of granule adhesion to mineral surfaced roofing due to abrasion.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 A brush with bristles is used to abrade the granule surface of the specimen on mineral surfaced roofing. The adhesion is
assessed by weighing the amount of granules that are displaced and become loose as a result of the abrasion test.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is used to determine the quality of adhesion of the granular surfacing to the coating asphalt in a sample
of mineral surfaced roofing. The results determine compliance with the applicable specification requirements or for comparative
analysis. This test method applies to “as manufactured” material and may not be applicable to material that has had weathering
exposure.
4. Apparatus
4.1 GranuleAdhesionTestApparatus —Amachinedesignedtocycleatestbrushbackandforthhorizontallyacrossaspecimen
at a rate of 50 cycles for 60 to 70 s. The brush assembly rests on the specimen with a downward mass of 2268 67g(5lb 6 ⁄4
oz); the stroke length is 152 66mm(6 6 ⁄4 in.). A typical machine is shown in Fig. 1.
4.2 Abrasion Test Brush —A brush with 22 holes containing bristles made of 0.305-mm (0.012-in.) diameter tempered steel
wire, 40 wires per hole, set with epoxy. The design of the brush is shown in Fig. 2.
4.3 Balance Minimums, 200 g capacity with 0.01 g sensitivity.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 Cut a minimum of two 50.8 by 229-mm (2 by 9-in.) specimens with the long dimension in the machine direction. For
shingles whose geometry does not allow a continuous 50.8 by 229-mm (2 by 9-in.) specimen, two-piece specimens are permitted.
Theminimummachinedirectiondimensionofanygivenpieceis101.6mm(4 6¼in.).Itispermittedtojointhetwopieceswith
self-stick tape applied to the nongranulated surfaces.
NOTE 1—The test result shall be discarded if the specimen fails to remain flat or the two pieces become separated during the 50 complete abrasion
cycles.
5.2 Condition specimens at room temperature 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) for 30 min before testing. In case of dispute, condition
specimen for 24 h in a desiccator.
6. Preparation of Apparatus
6.1 Insert the brush in the holder with the 38.1-mm (1 ⁄2-in.) side parallel to the stroke line.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Prepared
Roofings, Shingles,Shingles and Siding Materials.
Current edition approved Dec.Jan. 1, 2003.2009. Published January 2004.2009. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 19982003 as
D4977–98b.D4977–03.
The 3M Granule Embedding Test Machine and Abrasion Test Brushes, available from 3M, St. Paul, MN, are suitable for this purpose.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (3M Granule Embedding Test Machine andAb
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4977–98b Designation: D 4977 – 03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Granule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of granule adhesion to mineral surfaced roofing due to abrasion.
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundSIunitsareregardedasstandard.TheSIinch-poundunitsinparenthesesareforinformation
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 A brush with bristles is used to abrade the granule surface of the specimen on mineral surfaced roofing. The adhesion is
assessed by weighing the amount of granules that are displaced and become loose as a result of the abrasion test.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is used to determine the quality of adhesion of the granular surfacing to the coating asphalt in a sample
of mineral surfaced roofing. The results determine compliance with the applicable specification requirements or for comparative
analysis. This test method applies to “as manufactured” material and may not be applicable to material that has had weathering
exposure.
4. Apparatus
4.1 GranuleAdhesionTestApparatus —Amachinedesignedtocycleatestbrushbackandforthhorizontallyacrossaspecimen
at a rate of 50 cycles for 60 to 70 s. The brush assembly rests on the specimen with a downward mass of 5 lb 2268 6 oz (22686
1 1
7g);7g(5lb 6 ⁄4 oz); the stroke length is 6152 6 in. (1526 mm (6 6 6 mm). ⁄4 in.). A typical machine is shown in Fig. 1.
4.2 Abrasion Test Brush —A brush with 22 holes containing bristles made of 0.012-in. (0.305-mm)0.305-mm (0.012-in.)
diameter tempered steel wire, 40 wires per hole, set with epoxy. The design of the brush is shown in Fig. 2.
4.3 Balance Minimums, 200 g capacity with 0.01 g sensitivity.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 Cutaminimumoftwo250.8by9-in.(50.8229-mm(2by229-mm)9-in.)specimenswiththelongdimensioninthemachine
direction.Forshingleswhosegeometrydoesnotallowacontinuous250.8by229-mm(2by9-in.)specimen,two-piecespecimens
are permitted. The minimum machine direction dimension of any given piece is 101.6 mm (4 6 ¼ in. (101.6 mm).in.). It is
permitted to join the two pieces with self-stick tape applied to the nongranulated surfaces.
NOTE 1—The test result shall be discarded if the specimen fails to remain flat or the two pieces become separated during the 50 complete abrasion
cycles.
5.2 Condition specimens at room temperature 73.423 6 3.6°F (232°C (73.4 6 2°C)3.6°F) for 30 min before testing. In case
of dispute, condition specimen for 24 h in a desiccator.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-8onRoofing,Waterproofing,andBituminousMaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D08.02 on Prepared Roofings, Shingles, and Siding Materials .
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1998. Published January 1999. Originally published as D4977–89. Last previous edition D4977–98a.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Prepared
Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4977–03.
The 3M Granule Embedding Test Machine and Abrasion Test Brushes, available from 3M, St. Paul, MN, are suitable for this purpose.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (3M Granule Embedding Test Machine andA
...