ASTM D4146-10(2022)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4146 − 10 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Formability of Zinc-Rich Primer/Chromate Complex
Coatings on Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Document:
Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects
1.1 Thistestmethodcoverstheevaluationoftheformability
and adhesion of factory applied zinc-rich primer/chromate
3. Terminology
complex coatings on steel with thicknesses of 0.65 mm to
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.25 mm (0.025 in. to 0.05 in.) typical of those used in the coil
3.1.1 dome height, n—the height of the dome formed in the
coating industry.
test.
1.2 The degree of oil removal prior to forming, the tech-
3.1.2 indenting ball diameter, n—the diameter of the
niques of taping, and differences in adhesive strength of the
spherical-ended penetrator (ball) used to deform the specimen.
tape can affect the adhesion rating. 5
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The 41-mm (1 ⁄8-in.) diameter ball was
selected because it minimizes the variability in the localized
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
peak strain. This size ball is commercially available and is as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
large as most testing machines can accommodate.
only.
3.1.3 percent strain, n—the percent elongation of scribed
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
gage lengths after forming. For the draw height of 13 mm
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(0.512 in.), using a 1 ⁄8-in. diameter ball, the localized peak
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
strain is about 19 % (see Fig. 1).
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
For a specific hazard statement, see Section 7.
4.1 A coated specimen is biaxially stretched a given dis-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
tance in an appropriate machine, adhesive tape is applied to the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
deformed area (dome) and then pulled off, and the amount of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
coating removed is compared with a photographic standard to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
determine the coating adhesion rating.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The results of the combined deformation and tape test
2. Referenced Documents
are related to the ability of the coated metal to withstand
stamping in factory applications.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3330/D3330M Test Method for PeelAdhesion of Pressure-
5.2 This test can be used to control the manufacturing
Sensitive Tape
process or in development work to improve the product.
5.3 It should be recognized that variability in the results
persist due to the test conditions and forming machine varia-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
tions.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.53 on Coil Coated Metal.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D4146 – 10 (2018). Copies of the pictorial photographic reference standard are contained in the
DOI: 10.1520/D4146-10R22. publication Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects and may be obtained from the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492 Norristown Rd., Blue
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Bell, PA 19422-2350, http://www.coatingstech.org. The silver halide gelatin photo-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on graphs are intended to be the only primary reference standards for this test method.
the ASTM website. Thereproductionsoftheminthistestmethodareforthepurposeofillustrationonly.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4146 − 10 (2022)
the required height is obtained, and clamping arrangement to
hold the specimen with a minimum pressure of 8.9 kN
(2000 lbf).
6.1.1 The speed of forming shall be between 4.8 mm⁄min
and 25 mm/min (0.2 in.⁄min and 1.0 in./min). The speed is
usually slowed to measure more accurately the final height as
shown on the dial indicator, but the final punch speed shall be
controlled at 6 mm (0.24 in.)/min maximum.
6.2 Indenting Ball, with a diameter of 41 mm (1 ⁄8 in.), a
Rockwell hardness number not less than 61 on the Rockwell C
scale (HRC), and a smooth surface finish not exceeding 4 µm
(160 µin.). The indenting ball shall not deform during the test.
Theballandholdershallmovethroughthecenterlineofthetop
and bottom dies. The ball shall be clean and free of oil, grease,
oxide buildup, rust, dirt, nicks, or damage.
6.3 Ball Holder, to hold the ball in its seat during the test.
Most ball holders are removable so that other ball punch
deformation tests can be done in the same machine.
6.4 Upper and Lower Dies with a hardness of 56 HRC or
higher. The upper die shall have an approach radius of 1.6 mm
6 0.05 mm (0.0625 in. 6 0.002 in.). The diameter of the
Draw distance 0.512 in. (13 mm) Ball diameter 1 ⁄8 in. (41 mm)
opening in the upper and lower die shall be 42 mm (1.64 in.).
FIG. 1 Survey of Strain Over Biaxially Stretched Dome
In most machines, these dies are removable.
6.5 Dial Indicator,ridingonthesurfaceoftheformingsheet
to monitor the movement of the penetrator (ball) and graduated
6. Apparatus and Materials (see Fig. 2)
so that the displacement, or ball height, can be measured at
6.1 Forming Machine, equipped with a spherical-ended
least to 60 µm (60.0025 in.) but preferably to 25 µm
penetrator to deform the specimen with appropriate dies, until (60.001 in.).
6.6 Adhesive Tape, 25 mm (1 in.) wide, transparent, high-
tack, pressure-sensitive tape with an adhesive strength to steel
of50g/mm(45oz/in.)ofwidthwhentested
...