ASTM C76M-22a
(Specification)Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)
Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)
ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe. The pipe manufactured with this specification shall be of five classes: Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, and Class V. The strength requirements for each class are specified. The reinforced concrete shall consists of: cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water. Cementitious materials are the following: cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, fly ash, and allowable combinations of cementitious materials. Other materials include: admixtures and blends, steel reinforcement, and synthetic fibers. Design tables and modified of special designs are given. Reinforcements are the following: circumferential reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement, and joint reinforcement for rubber and non-rubber gasket joints. The physical properties shall conform to the required test for external load crushing strength. The following concrete tests shall be done: compression testing of cylinders, compression testing of cores, absorption test, and equipment test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts.
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C76; therefore, no inch-pound equivalents are presented in this specification. Reinforced concrete pipe that conform to the requirements of C76 are acceptable under this Specification C76M unless prohibited by the Owner.
Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, controlled manufacture in the plant, and care and installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner of the reinforced concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection at the construction site.
Note 2: Attention is called to the specification for reinforced concrete D-load culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe (ASTM Designation C655M).
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Aug-2022
- Technical Committee
- C13 - Concrete Pipe
- Drafting Committee
- C13.02 - Reinforced Sewer and Culvert Pipe
Relations
- Effective Date
- 15-Apr-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2020
- Effective Date
- 15-Feb-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2019
- Effective Date
- 15-Jul-2019
- Effective Date
- 15-Jul-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2019
- Refers
ASTM C309-19 - Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete - Effective Date
- 15-Jun-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2019
Overview
ASTM C76M-22a: Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric) defines requirements for reinforced concrete pipe designed for the conveyance of sewage, industrial waste, and storm water, as well as for use in culvert construction. Developed by ASTM International, this metric specification serves as a vital reference for manufacturers, purchasers, and engineers involved in civil infrastructure projects, ensuring pipe quality, consistency, and global compatibility.
This standard complements ASTM C76 (imperial units) and covers five pipe classes, detailing structural, material, and testing requirements to guarantee performance under varying conditions. ASTM C76M-22a specifies manufacturing criteria but does not address installation, backfill, or bedding procedures, emphasizing the importance of correlating in-field requirements with specified pipe classes.
Key Topics
Pipe Classes and Strength Requirements
- Five distinct pipe classes: Class I, II, III, IV, and V, each with specified load resistance and reinforcement requirements.
- Design tables provide guidance on wall thickness, reinforcement areas, and compressive strengths for each class.
Material Specifications
- Cementitious materials may include portland cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, fly ash, and approved blends.
- Aggregates must comply with ASTM standards, ensuring proper concrete composition.
- Allowable admixtures enhance workability, durability, and concrete performance.
- Steel reinforcement options include carbon-steel bars, welded wire, and synthetic fibers for added strength.
Reinforcement Design
- Circumferential, longitudinal, and joint reinforcement requirements ensure pipe integrity.
- Options for reinforcement layout include single and dual cage configurations, as well as elliptical and quadrant reinforcements for various structural demands.
Testing and Quality Assurance
- Acceptance criteria include external load crushing tests, visual inspection, compression tests (cylinders and cores), and absorption tests.
- Details on required strength, cracking limits, and testing protocols ensure product reliability.
Applications
ASTM C76M-22a is crucial for a variety of civil and municipal infrastructure projects, where reliable subsurface conveyance systems are required. Typical applications include:
- Stormwater Management: Heavily utilized in the design and construction of storm drain networks, controlling runoff and preventing flooding.
- Sewer Systems: Standardized reinforced concrete pipes form the backbone of wastewater and industrial effluent transport systems.
- Culverts: Used in highway constructions, railways, and crossings to facilitate surface water movement beneath transportation corridors.
- Utility Tunnels: Supporting the installation of protective conduits for electrical and communication lines needing robust, long-lived pipe structures.
Using this standard ensures that pipes perform as expected under loading conditions, accommodate local conditions, and integrate seamlessly with other infrastructure components designed to international norms.
Related Standards
Professionals referencing ASTM C76M-22a may also find the following ASTM and supporting standards valuable:
- ASTM C76: Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Imperial units)
- ASTM C655M: Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)
- ASTM A615/A615M: Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
- ASTM C33/C33M: Specification for Concrete Aggregates
- ASTM C150/C150M: Specification for Portland Cement
- ASTM C260/C260M: Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
Referencing the latest edition of ASTM standards and related specifications ensures compliance with current industry practices, supports quality management, and promotes safe, sustainable infrastructure development worldwide.
Keywords: ASTM C76M-22a, reinforced concrete pipe, storm drain, sewer pipe, culvert, civil infrastructure, material specifications, testing requirements, pipe classes, ASTM standards.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM C76M-22a is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers reinforced concrete culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe. The pipe manufactured with this specification shall be of five classes: Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, and Class V. The strength requirements for each class are specified. The reinforced concrete shall consists of: cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water. Cementitious materials are the following: cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, fly ash, and allowable combinations of cementitious materials. Other materials include: admixtures and blends, steel reinforcement, and synthetic fibers. Design tables and modified of special designs are given. Reinforcements are the following: circumferential reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement, and joint reinforcement for rubber and non-rubber gasket joints. The physical properties shall conform to the required test for external load crushing strength. The following concrete tests shall be done: compression testing of cylinders, compression testing of cores, absorption test, and equipment test. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts. 1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C76; therefore, no inch-pound equivalents are presented in this specification. Reinforced concrete pipe that conform to the requirements of C76 are acceptable under this Specification C76M unless prohibited by the Owner. Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, controlled manufacture in the plant, and care and installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner of the reinforced concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection at the construction site. Note 2: Attention is called to the specification for reinforced concrete D-load culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe (ASTM Designation C655M). 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification covers reinforced concrete culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe. The pipe manufactured with this specification shall be of five classes: Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, and Class V. The strength requirements for each class are specified. The reinforced concrete shall consists of: cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water. Cementitious materials are the following: cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, fly ash, and allowable combinations of cementitious materials. Other materials include: admixtures and blends, steel reinforcement, and synthetic fibers. Design tables and modified of special designs are given. Reinforcements are the following: circumferential reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement, and joint reinforcement for rubber and non-rubber gasket joints. The physical properties shall conform to the required test for external load crushing strength. The following concrete tests shall be done: compression testing of cylinders, compression testing of cores, absorption test, and equipment test. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts. 1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C76; therefore, no inch-pound equivalents are presented in this specification. Reinforced concrete pipe that conform to the requirements of C76 are acceptable under this Specification C76M unless prohibited by the Owner. Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, controlled manufacture in the plant, and care and installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner of the reinforced concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection at the construction site. Note 2: Attention is called to the specification for reinforced concrete D-load culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe (ASTM Designation C655M). 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C76M-22a is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 23.040.50 - Pipes and fittings of other materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM C76M-22a has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM A1064/A1064M-24, ASTM C989/C989M-24, ASTM C1628-19(2024), ASTM C497M-20a, ASTM C497M-20, ASTM C497M-19a, ASTM C990M-09(2019), ASTM C1628-19, ASTM C655M-19a, ASTM C443M-19a, ASTM C655M-19, ASTM C309-19, ASTM C443M-19, ASTM C150/C150M-19, ASTM C497M-19. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM C76M-22a is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C76M −22a
Standard Specification for
Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
(Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C76M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe in-
Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
tended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial
A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and
wastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts.
Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification
Concrete
C76; therefore, no inch-pound equivalents are presented in this
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
specification. Reinforced concrete pipe that conform to the
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
requirements of C76 are acceptable under this Specification
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
C76M unless prohibited by the Owner.
for Concrete
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
tion only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
pounds for Curing Concrete
relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of
C443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and
pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of
Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)
this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
of bedding and backfill, controlled manufacture in the plant, and care and
installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner of the
Concrete
reinforced concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must
C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box
correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and
Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
provide inspection at the construction site.
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
NOTE 2—Attention is called to the specification for reinforced concrete
D-load culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe (ASTM Designation C655M).
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- C655M Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load
Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
Products
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in
Concrete and Mortars
2. Referenced Documents
C990M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe,
Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Flexible Joint Sealants (Metric)
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
A615/A615M SpecificationforDeformedandPlainCarbon-
Use in Producing Flowing Concrete (Withdrawn 2022)
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.02 on
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
Reinforced Sewer and Culvert Pipe.
C1628 Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally
Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as C76M - 22. DOI:
10.1520/C0076M-22A.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C76M−22a
3. Terminology crushingtestsonconcretecoresorcuredconcretecylinders;by
an absorption test of the concrete from the wall of the pipe for
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconcrete
each mix design that is used on an order; and by inspection of
pipe, see Terminology C822.
the finished pipe including amount and placement of reinforce-
ment to determine its conformance with the accepted design
4. Classification
and its freedom from defects.
4.1 Pipe manufactured in accordance with this specification
5.1.3 When agreed upon between the owner and
shall be of five classes identified as Class I, Class II, Class III,
manufacturer, any portion or any combination of the tests
Class IV, and Class V. The corresponding strength require-
itemized in 5.1.1 or 5.1.2 may form the basis of acceptance.
ments are prescribed in Tables 1-5.
5.2 Age for Acceptance—Pipe shall be considered ready for
5. Basis of Acceptance
acceptance when it conforms to the requirements as indicated
by the specified tests.
5.1 Unlessotherwisedesignatedbytheowneratthetimeof,
or before placing an order, there are two separate and alterna-
6. Materials
tive bases of acceptance. Independent of the method of
6.1 Reinforced Concrete—The reinforced concrete shall
acceptance, the pipe shall be designed to meet both the 0.01-in.
consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, water,
crack and ultimate strength requirements specified in Tables
and admixtures, if any, in which steel has been embedded in
1-5.
such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.
5.1.1 Acceptance on the Basis of Plant Load-Bearing Tests,
Material Tests, and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Visual 6.2 Cementitious Materials:
Defects and Imperfections—Acceptability of the pipe in all 6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements
diameters and classes produced in accordance with 7.1 or 7.2 for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall be
shall be determined by the results of the three-edge bearing portland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement,
tests as defined in 11.3.1; by such material tests as are required or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements
in 6.2, 6.3, 6.5 and 6.6; by an absorption test of the concrete of Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan con-
from the wall of the pipe as required in 11.9; and by visual stituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly
inspection of the finished pipe to determine its conformance ash.
with the accepted material requirements and its freedom from 6.2.2 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the re-
defects. quirementsofGrade100or120ofSpecificationC989/C989M.
5.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Material Test and Inspec- 6.2.3 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of
tion of Manufactured Pipe for Defects and Imperfections— Class F or Class C of Specification C618.
Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes produced 6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—
in accordance with 7.2 shall be determined by the results of Thecombinationofcementitiousmaterialsusedintheconcrete
such material tests as are required in 6.2, 6.3, 6.5 and 6.6;by shall be one of the following:
NOTE 1—The total reinforcement area of the inner circular cage and the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in Tables
1-5.
NOTE 2—The total reinforcement area of the outer circular cage and the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in Tables
1-5.
FIG. 1Triple Cage Reinforcement
C76M−22a
A
TABLE 1 Requirements for Class I Reinforced Concrete Pipe
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.
The strength test requirements in newtons per linear metre of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test load expressed
in newtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter) to produce the 0.3-mm crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate load
as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in millimetres.
D-load to produce a 0.3 mm crack 40.0
D-load to produce the ultimate load 60.0
Reinforcement, cm /linear m of pipe wall
Wall A Wall B
Internal
Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa
Designated
Circular Circular
Diameter,
Wall B Wall B
Reinforcement Reinforcement
mm Elliptical Elliptical
Thickness, Thickness,
C C
Reinforcement Reinforcement
Inner Outer Inner Outer
mm mm
Cage Cage Cage Cage
1500 125 5.3 3.2 5.9 150 4.4 2.6 4.9
1650 138 6.4 3.8 7.0 163 5.3 3.2 5.9
1800 150 7.4 4.4 8.3 175 6.1 3.7 6.8
1950 163 8.5 5.1 9.3 188 6.8 4.1 7.6
2100 175 9.5 5.7 10.6 200 7.8 4.7 8.7
2250 188 10.4 6.2 11.4 213 8.7 5.2 9.7
2400 200 11.4 6.8 12.7 225 9.7 5.8 10.8
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa
Inner Circular 5.3 Inner Circular 4.6
2550 213 13.3 8.0 238 11.4 6.8
Plus Elliptical 8.0 Plus Elliptical 6.8
Inner Circular 5.8 Inner Circular 5.2
2700 225 14.4 8.6 250 12.9 7.7
Plus Elliptical 8.6 Plus Elliptical 7.7
A A
2850 . . . . . . . .
A A
3000 . . . . . . . .
A A
3150 . . . . . . . .
A A
3300 . . . . . . . .
A A
3450 . . . . . . . .
A A
3600 . . . . . . . .
A
For modified or special designs, see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655M. Steel areas may be interpolated between those
shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 2400 mm in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B
As an alternative to configurations requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 2,or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 1.
C
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only, 6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing
6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,
concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and
6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,
6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,
6.5 Steel Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist of
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-
wire or welded wire conforming to Specification A1064/
limestone cement and slag cement,
A1064M, or of bars conforming to Specification A36/A36M,
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-
limestone cement and fly ash, Specification A615/A615M Grade 280 or 420, or Specification
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland- A706/A706M Grade 420. For helically wound cages only,
limestone cement, slag cement, and fly ash, or
weld shear tests are not required.
6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly
6.6 Fibers—Syntheticfibersandnonsyntheticfibersshallbe
ash.
allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in concrete
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification
pipeasanonstructuralmanufacturingmaterial.Syntheticfibers
C33/C33M except that the requirement for gradation shall not
(Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designed
apply.
andmanufacturedspecificallyforuseinconcreteandconform-
6.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are
ing to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall
allowable:
be accepted.
6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification
6.7 Water—Water used in the production of concrete shall
C260/C260M;
be potable or nonpotable water that meets the requirements of
6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification
Specification C1602/C1602M.
C494/C494M;
C76M−22a
A
TABLE 2 Requirements for Class II Reinforced Concrete Pipe
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.
The strength test requirements in newtons per linear metre of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test-load expressed
in newtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter) to produce the 0.3-mm crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate load
as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in millimetres.
D-load to produce a 0.3 mm crack 50.0
D-load to produce the ultimate load 75.0
Reinforcement, cm /linear m of pipe wall
Wall A Wall B Wall C
Internal
Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa
Designated
Circular Circular Circular
Diameter,
Wall B Wall B Wall B
Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
mm Elliptical Elliptical Elliptical
Thickness, Thickness, Thickness,
C C C
Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
Inner Outer Inner Outer Inner Outer
mm mm mm
Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage
D D D
300 44 1.5 . . 50 1.5 . . 69 1.5 . .
D D D
375 47 1.5 . . 57 1.5 . . 75 1.5 . .
D D D D D
450 50 1.5 . 1.5 63 1.5 . 1.5 82 1.5 . 1.5
D D D D
525 57 2.5 . . . 2.1 69 1.5 . 1.5 88 1.5 . 1.5
D D D D
600 63 2.8 . . . 2.3 75 1.5 . 1.5 94 1.5 . 1.5
D D
675 66 3.2 . . . 2.8 82 2.8 . . . 2.3 100 1.5 . 1.5
D D
750 69 3.2 . . . 3.0 88 3.0 . . . 2.5 106 1.5 . 1.5
D D
825 72 3.4 . . . 3.2 94 3.2 . . . 2.8 113 1.5 . 1.5
E E
900 75 3.0 1.8 3.2 100 2.5 1.5 2.8 119 1.5 1.5 1.7
1050 88 3.4 2.0 3.8 113 3.2 1.9 3.6 132 2.1 1.5 2.3
1200 100 4.5 2.7 4.9 125 3.8 2.3 4.2 144 3.0 1.8 3.2
1350 113 5.3 3.2 5.9 138 4.7 2.8 5.1 157 3.6 2.2 4.0
1500 125 6.4 3.8 7.0 150 5.3 3.2 5.9 169 4.7 2.8 5.1
1650 138 7.4 4.4 8.3 163 6.6 4.0 7.2 182 5.3 3.2 5.9
1800 150 8.7 5.2 9.5 175 7.4 4.4 8.3 194 6.4 3.8 7.0
1950 163 9.7 5.8 10.8 188 8.5 5.1 9.3 207 7.4 4.4 8.3
2100 175 10.8 6.5 12.1 200 9.7 5.8 10.8 219 8.7 5.2 9.7
2250 188 12.1 7.3 13.3 213 10.8 6.5 12.1 232 10.2 6.1 11.2
2400 200 13.1 7.9 14.6 225 12.1 7.3 13.3 244 11.6 7.0 12.9
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa
2550 213 16.1 9.7 Inner Circular 6.4 238 14.4 8.6 Inner Circular 5.8 257 13.1 7.9 Inner Circular 5.2
Plus Elliptical 9.7 Plus Elliptical 8.6 Plus Elliptical 7.9
2700 225 18.0 10.8 Inner Circular 7.2 250 16.1 9.7 Inner Circular 6.4 269 14.8 8.9 Inner Circular 5.9
Plus Elliptical 10.8 Plus Elliptical 9.7 Plus Elliptical 8.9
A A A
2850 . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3000 . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3150 . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3300 . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3450 . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A
For modified or special designs, see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655M. Steel areas may be interpolated between those
shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 2400 mm in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B
As an alternative to configurations requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 2,or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 1.
C
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.
D
For these classes and sizes, the minimum practical steel reinforcement is specified. The specified ultimate strength of non-reinforced pipe is greater than the minimum
specified strength for the equivalent diameters.
E
As an alternative, single cage reinforcement may be used. The reinforcement area in square centimetres per linear metre shall be 4.2 for wall B and 3.4 for wall C.
7. Design configurations, either of which are applicable and binding as if
they were contained in the body of the specification.
7.1 Tables—The diameter, wall thickness, compressive
strength of the concrete, and the area of the circumferential 7.2 Modified and Special Designs:
reinforcementshallbeasprescribedforClassesItoVinTables 7.2.1 If permitted by the owner the manufacturer may
1-5, except as provided in 7.2. request approval by the owner of modified designs that differ
7.1.1 The reinforcement as presented in the tables herein from the configurations in; or special designs for sizes and
allows single circular cage reinforcement or separate inner and loadsbeyondthoseshowninTables1-5,7.1,orspecialdesigns
outer circular cage reinforcement or single elliptical cage for pipe sizes that do not have steel reinforcement areas shown
reinforcement or a combination thereof. in Tables 1-5.
Footnotes to the tables are intended to clarify tabulated 7.2.2 Such modified or special designs shall be based on
requirements or provide acceptable alternative reinforcement rational or empirical evaluations of the ultimate strength and
C76M−22a
A
TABLE 3 Requirements for Class III Reinforced Concrete Pipe
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.
The strength test requirements in newtons per linear metre of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test-load expressed
in newtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter) to produce the 0.3-mm crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate load
as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in millimetres.
D-load to produce a 0.3 mm crack 65.0
D-load to produce the ultimate load 100.0
Reinforcement, cm /linear m of pipe wall
Wall A Wall B Wall C
Internal
Desig- Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa
nated
Circular Circular Circular
Diameter, Wall B Wall B Wall B
Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
Elliptical Elliptical Elliptical
mm Thickness, Thickness, Thickness,
C C C
Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
Inner Outer Inner Outer Inner Outer
mm mm mm
Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage
D DD D
300 44 1.5 . . 50 1.5 . . . 69 1.5 . .
D D D
375 47 1.5 . . 57 1.5 . . 75 1.5 . .
D D D D D D
450 50 1.5 . 1.5 63 1.5 . 1.5 82 1.5 . 1.5
D D D D
525 57 3.0 . . . 2.3 69 1.5 . 1.5 88 1.5 . 1.5
D D D D
600 63 3.6 . . . 3.0 75 1.5 . 1.5 94 1.5 . 1.5
D
675 66 3.8 . . . 3.4 82 3.4 . . . 3.0 100 1.7 . . . 1.5
750 69 4.0 . . . 3.8 88 3.8 . . . 3.2 107 2.1 . . . 1.7
825 72 4.4 . . . 4.2 94 4.2 . . . 3.6 113 2.5 . . . 2.1
E E
900 75 4.4 2.6 4.7 100 3.6 2.2 4.0 119 1.7 1.5 1.9
1050 88 5.3 3.2 5.9 113 4.4 2.6 4.9 132 2.5 1.5 2.8
1200 100 6.8 4.1 7.4 125 5.1 3.1 5.7 144 3.4 2.0 3.8
1350 113 8.0 4.8 8.9 138 6.1 3.7 6.8 157 4.4 2.6 4.9
1500 125 9.3 5.6 10.4 150 7.2 4.3 8.0 169 5.3 3.2 5.9
1650 138 10.6 6.4 11.6 163 9.1 5.5 9.7 182 6.6 4.0 7.2
1800 150 12.1 7.3 13.3 175 10.4 6.2 11.4 194 7.6 4.6 8.5
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa
1950 163 13.5 8.1 15.0 188 12.1 7.3 13.3 207 8.9 5.3 9.9
2100 175 15.2 9.1 16.9 200 13.5 8.1 15.0 219 10.6 6.4 11.9
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa
2250 188 17.1 10.3 19.1 213 14.6 8.8 16.3 232 12.5 7.5 14.0
2400 200 19.7 11.8 21.8 225 16.1 9.7 17.8 244 14.8 8.9 Inner Circular 5.9
Plus Elliptical 8.9
2550 213 21.8 13.1 Inner Circular 8.7 238 19.1 11.5 Inner Circular 7.6 257 17.6 10.6 Inner Circular 7.0
Plus Elliptical 13.1 Plus Elliptical 11.5 Plus Elliptical 10.6
2700 225 25.8 15.5 Inner Circular 10.3 250 22.9 13.7 Inner Circular 9.2 269 21.0 12.6 Inner Circular 8.4
Plus Elliptical 15.5 Plus Elliptical 13.7 Plus Elliptical 12.6
A A A
2850 . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3000 . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3150 . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3300 . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3450 . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3600 . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
For modified or special designs, see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655M. Steel areas may be interpolated between those
shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 2400 mm in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B
As an alternative to configurations requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 2,or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 1.
C
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.
D
For these classes and sizes, the minimum practical steel reinforcement is specified. The specified ultimate strength of non-reinforced pipe is greater than the minimum
specified strength for the equivalent diameters.
E
As an alternative, single cage reinforcement may be used. The reinforcement area in square centimetres per linear metre shall be 6.4 for wall B and 4.2 for wall C.
cracking behavior of the pipe and shall fully describe to the acceptable, the manufacturer may be required to perform proof
owner any deviations from the requirements of 7.1. The tests on sizes and classes selected by the owner to demonstrate
descriptions of modified or special designs shall include the
the adequacy of the proposed design.
wall thickness, the concrete strength, and the area, type,
7.2.4 Such pipe must meet all of the test and performance
placement, number of layers, and strength of the steel rein-
requirements specified by the owner in accordance with
forcement.
Section 5.
7.2.3 The manufacturer shall submit to the owner proof of
7.3 Area—In this specification, when the word area is not
the adequacy of the proposed modified or special design. Such
described by adjectives, such as cross-section or single wire, it
proof may comprise the submission of certified three-edge-
shall be understood to be the cross-sectional area of reinforce-
bearing tests already made, which are acceptable to the owner
or, if such three-edge-bearing tests are not available or ment per unit lengths of pipe.
C76M−22a
A
TABLE 4 Requirements for Class IV Reinforced Concrete Pipe
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.
The strength test requirements in newtons per linear metre of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test load expressed
in newtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter) to produce the 0.3-mm crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate load
as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in millimetres.
D-load to produce a 0.3 mm crack 100.0
D-load to produce the ultimate load 150.0
Reinforcement, cm /linear m of pipe wall
Wall A Wall B Wall C
Internal
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa
Designated
Wall Circular Circular Elliptical Circular Elliptical
Diameter,
B Wall B Wall B
Thickness, Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforce- Reinforcement Reinforce-
mm Elliptical
Thickness, C Thickness, C
C
mm ment ment
Reinforcement
Inner Outer Inner Outer Inner Outer
mm mm
Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage
D
300 44 3.2 . . . . . . 50 1.5 . . . . . . 69 1.5 . .
D
375 47 3.4 . . . . . . 57 2.1 . . . . . . 75 1.5 . .
D D
450 50 3.6 . . . 3.2 63 3.0 . . . 2.3 82 1.5 . 1.5
D D
525 57 4.9 . . . 4.4 69 4.2 . . . 3.6 88 1.5 . 1.5
600 63 6.1 . . . 5.7 75 5.7 . . . 4.9 94 1.5 1.5 1.7
675 66 7.0 . . . 6.6 82 6.6 . . . 5.3 100 1.7 1.5 1.9
750 69 8.0 . . . 7.4 88 7.4 . . . 5.9 107 1.9 1.5 2.1
A
825 . . . . . . . . . 94 5.7 3.4 6.3 113 2.3 1.5 2.5
A
900 . . . . . . . . . 100 6.3 3.8 7.0 119 3.0 1.8 3.2
A
1050 . . . 113 7.4 4.4 8.3 132 4.2 2.5 4.7
A
1200 . . . . . . . . . 125 8.9 5.3 9.9 144 5.5 3.3 6.1
1350 . . . . . . . . . 138 10.6 6.4 11.6 157 7.2 4.3 8.0
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa
A
1500 . . . 150 12.5 7.5 14.0 169 8.7 5.2 9.7
A
1650 . . . 163 14.6 8.8 16.3 182 10.8 6.5 12.0
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa
A
1800 . . . . . . . . . 175 16.7 10.0 18.6 194 12.9 7.7 14.4
A A
1950 . . . . . . 207 15.0 9.0 16.7
A A
2100 . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 18.0 10.8 19.9
A A A
2250 . . . . . . . . .
A A A
2400 . . . . . . . . .
A
... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
2550 . . . . . . . . .
A A A
2700 . . . . . . . . .
A A A
2850 . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3000 . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3150 . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3300 . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3450 . . . . . . . . .
A A
3600 . . . . . . . . . .
A
For modified or special designs see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655M. Steel areas may be interpolated between those
shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 2400 mm in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B
As an alternative to configurations requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 2,or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 1.
For Wall C, in sizes 600 to 825 mm, a single circular cage with an area not less than the sum of the specified inner and outer circular reinforcement areas.
C
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.
D
For these classes and sizes, the minimum practical steel reinforcement is specified.
8. Reinforcement inner surface of the pipe, except that for wall thicknesses less
than 63 mm, the protective cover of the concrete over the
8.1 Circumferential Reinforcement—A line of circumferen-
circumferential reinforcement in the wall of the pipe shall be
tial reinforcement for any given total area may be composed of
19 mm.
two layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of less than 180 mm
8.1.2 In pipe having two lines of circular reinforcement,
or three layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of 180 mm or
each line shall be so placed that the protective covering of
greater. The layers shall not be separated by more than the
concrete over the circumferential reinforcement in the wall of
thickness of one longitudinal plus 6 mm. The multiple layers
the pipe shall be 25 mm.
shall be fastened together to form a single cage. All other
specification requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances 8.1.3 In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall
of placement in the wall of the pipe, etc., shall apply to this thicknesses 63 mm or greater, the reinforcement in the wall of
method of fabricating a line of reinforcement. the pipe shall be so placed that the protective covering of
8.1.1 Where one line of circular reinforcement is used, it concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 25
shall be placed from 35 to 50 % of the wall thickness from the mm from the inner surface of the pipe at the vertical diameter
C76M−22a
A
TABLE 5 Requirements for Class V Reinforced Concrete Pipe
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.
Th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C76M − 22 C76M − 22a
Standard Specification for
Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
(Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C76M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and
storm water, and for the construction of culverts.
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C76; therefore, no inch-pound equivalents are presented in this
specification. Reinforced concrete pipe that conform to the requirements of C76 are acceptable under this Specification C76M
unless prohibited by the Owner.
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship
between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product
depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, controlled manufacture in the plant, and care and installation conforms
to the construction specifications. The owner of the reinforced concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements
with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection at the construction site.
NOTE 2—Attention is called to the specification for reinforced concrete D-load culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe (ASTM Designation C655M).
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.02 on Reinforced Sewer
and Culvert Pipe.
Current edition approved March 1, 2022Sept. 1, 2022. Published March 2022September 2022. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20202022
as C76M - 20.C76M - 22. DOI: 10.1520/C0076M-22.10.1520/C0076M-22A.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C76M − 22a
C443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C655M Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C990M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants
(Metric)
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete (Withdrawn 2022)
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
C1628 Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.
4. Classification
4.1 Pipe manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be of five classes identified as Class I, Class II, Class III, Class
IV, and Class V. The corresponding strength requirements are prescribed in Tables 1-5.
5. Basis of Acceptance
5.1 Unless otherwise designated by the owner at the time of, or before placing an order, there are two separate and alternative bases
of acceptance. Independent of the method of acceptance, the pipe shall be designed to meet both the 0.01-in. crack and ultimate
strength requirements specified in Tables 1-5.
NOTE 1—The total reinforcement area of the inner circular cage and the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in Tables
1-5.
NOTE 2—The total reinforcement area of the outer circular cage and the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in Tables
1-5.
FIG. 1 Triple Cage Reinforcement
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
C76M − 22a
A
TABLE 1 Requirements for Class I Reinforced Concrete Pipe
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.
The strength test requirements in newtons per linear metre of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test load expressed
in newtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter) to produce the 0.3-mm crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate load
as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in millimetres.
D-load to produce a 0.3 mm crack 40.0
D-load to produce the ultimate load 60.0
Reinforcement, cm /linear m of pipe wall
Wall A Wall B
Internal
Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa
Designated
Circular Circular
Diameter,
Wall B Wall B
Reinforcement Reinforcement
mm Elliptical Elliptical
Thickness, Thickness,
C C
Reinforcement Reinforcement
Inner Outer Inner Outer
mm mm
Cage Cage Cage Cage
1500 125 5.3 3.2 5.9 150 4.4 2.6 4.9
1650 138 6.4 3.8 7.0 163 5.3 3.2 5.9
1800 150 7.4 4.4 8.3 175 6.1 3.7 6.8
1950 163 8.5 5.1 9.3 188 6.8 4.1 7.6
2100 175 9.5 5.7 10.6 200 7.8 4.7 8.7
2250 188 10.4 6.2 11.4 213 8.7 5.2 9.7
2400 200 11.4 6.8 12.7 225 9.7 5.8 10.8
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa
Inner Circular 5.3 Inner Circular 4.6
2550 213 13.3 8.0 238 11.4 6.8
Plus Elliptical 8.0 Plus Elliptical 6.8
Inner Circular 5.8 Inner Circular 5.2
2700 225 14.4 8.6 250 12.9 7.7
Plus Elliptical 8.6 Plus Elliptical 7.7
A A
2850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A
3000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A
3150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A
3300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A
3450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A
3600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
For modified or special designs, see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655M. Steel areas may be interpolated between those
shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 2400 mm in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B
As an alternative to configurations requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 2, or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 1.
C
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.
5.1.1 Acceptance on the Basis of Plant Load-Bearing Tests, Material Tests, and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Visual
Defects and Imperfections—Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes produced in accordance with 7.1 or 7.2 shall be
determined by the results of the three-edge bearing tests as defined in 11.3.1; by such material tests as are required in 6.2, 6.3, 6.5
and 6.6; by an absorption test of the concrete from the wall of the pipe as required in 11.9; and by visual inspection of the finished
pipe to determine its conformance with the accepted material requirements and its freedom from defects.
5.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Material Test and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Defects and Imperfections—Acceptability
of the pipe in all diameters and classes produced in accordance with 7.2 shall be determined by the results of such material tests
as are required in 6.2, 6.3, 6.5 and 6.6; by crushing tests on concrete cores or cured concrete cylinders; by an absorption test of
the concrete from the wall of the pipe for each mix design that is used on an order; and by inspection of the finished pipe including
amount and placement of reinforcement to determine its conformance with the accepted design and its freedom from defects.
5.1.3 When agreed upon between the owner and manufacturer, any portion or any combination of the tests itemized in 5.1.1 or
5.1.2 may form the basis of acceptance.
5.2 Age for Acceptance—Pipe shall be considered ready for acceptance when it conforms to the requirements as indicated by the
specified tests.
6. Materials
6.1 Reinforced Concrete—The reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, water, and
admixtures, if any, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.
C76M − 22a
A
TABLE 2 Requirements for Class II Reinforced Concrete Pipe
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.
The strength test requirements in newtons per linear metre of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test-load expressed
in newtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter) to produce the 0.3-mm crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate load
as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in millimetres.
D-load to produce a 0.3 mm crack 50.0
D-load to produce the ultimate load 75.0
Reinforcement, cm /linear m of pipe wall
Wall A Wall B Wall C
Internal
Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa
Designated
Circular Circular Circular
Diameter,
Wall B Wall B Wall B
Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
mm Elliptical Elliptical Elliptical
Thickness, Thickness, Thickness,
C C C
Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
Inner Outer Inner Outer Inner Outer
mm mm mm
Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage
D D D
300 44 1.5 . . . . . . 50 1.5 . . . . . . 69 1.5 . . . . . .
D D D
375 47 1.5 . . . . . . 57 1.5 . . . . . . 75 1.5 . . . . . .
D D D D D
450 50 1.5 . . . 1.5 63 1.5 . . . 1.5 82 1.5 . . . 1.5
D D D D
525 57 2.5 . . . 2.1 69 1.5 . . . 1.5 88 1.5 . . . 1.5
D D D D
600 63 2.8 . . . 2.3 75 1.5 . . . 1.5 94 1.5 . . . 1.5
D D
675 66 3.2 . . . 2.8 82 2.8 . . . 2.3 100 1.5 . . . 1.5
D D
750 69 3.2 . . . 3.0 88 3.0 . . . 2.5 106 1.5 . . . 1.5
D D
825 72 3.4 . . . 3.2 94 3.2 . . . 2.8 113 1.5 . . . 1.5
E E
900 75 3.0 1.8 3.2 100 2.5 1.5 2.8 119 1.5 1.5 1.7
1050 88 3.4 2.0 3.8 113 3.2 1.9 3.6 132 2.1 1.5 2.3
1200 100 4.5 2.7 4.9 125 3.8 2.3 4.2 144 3.0 1.8 3.2
1350 113 5.3 3.2 5.9 138 4.7 2.8 5.1 157 3.6 2.2 4.0
1500 125 6.4 3.8 7.0 150 5.3 3.2 5.9 169 4.7 2.8 5.1
1650 138 7.4 4.4 8.3 163 6.6 4.0 7.2 182 5.3 3.2 5.9
1800 150 8.7 5.2 9.5 175 7.4 4.4 8.3 194 6.4 3.8 7.0
1950 163 9.7 5.8 10.8 188 8.5 5.1 9.3 207 7.4 4.4 8.3
2100 175 10.8 6.5 12.1 200 9.7 5.8 10.8 219 8.7 5.2 9.7
2250 188 12.1 7.3 13.3 213 10.8 6.5 12.1 232 10.2 6.1 11.2
2400 200 13.1 7.9 14.6 225 12.1 7.3 13.3 244 11.6 7.0 12.9
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa
2550 213 16.1 9.7 Inner Circular 6.4 238 14.4 8.6 Inner Circular 5.8 257 13.1 7.9 Inner Circular 5.2
Plus Elliptical 9.7 Plus Elliptical 8.6 Plus Elliptical 7.9
2700 225 18.0 10.8 Inner Circular 7.2 250 16.1 9.7 Inner Circular 6.4 269 14.8 8.9 Inner Circular 5.9
Plus Elliptical 10.8 Plus Elliptical 9.7 Plus Elliptical 8.9
A A A
2850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
For modified or special designs, see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655M. Steel areas may be interpolated between those
shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 2400 mm in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B
As an alternative to configurations requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 2, or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 1.
C
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.
D
For these classes and sizes, the minimum practical steel reinforcement is specified. The specified ultimate strength of non-reinforced pipe is greater than the minimum
specified strength for the equivalent diameters.
E
As an alternative, single cage reinforcement may be used. The reinforcement area in square centimetres per linear metre shall be 4.2 for wall B and 3.4 for wall C.
6.2 Cementitious Materials:
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall be portland
blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of
Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
6.2.2 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.
6.2.3 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Class F or Class C of Specification C618.
C76M − 22a
A
TABLE 3 Requirements for Class III Reinforced Concrete Pipe
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.
The strength test requirements in newtons per linear metre of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test-load expressed
in newtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter) to produce the 0.3-mm crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate load
as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in millimetres.
D-load to produce a 0.3 mm crack 65.0
D-load to produce the ultimate load 100.0
Reinforcement, cm /linear m of pipe wall
Wall A Wall B Wall C
Internal
Desig- Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa
nated
Circular Circular Circular
Diameter, Wall B Wall B Wall B
Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
Elliptical Elliptical Elliptical
mm
Thickness, Thickness, Thickness,
C C C
Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
Inner Outer Inner Outer Inner Outer
mm mm mm
Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage
D D D D
300 44 1.5 . . . . . . 50 1.5 . . . 69 1.5 . . . . . .
D D D
375 47 1.5 . . . . . . 57 1.5 . . . . . . 75 1.5 . . . . . .
D D D D D D
450 50 1.5 . . . 1.5 63 1.5 . . . 1.5 82 1.5 . . . 1.5
D D D D
525 57 3.0 . . . 2.3 69 1.5 . . . 1.5 88 1.5 . . . 1.5
D D D D
600 63 3.6 . . . 3.0 75 1.5 . . . 1.5 94 1.5 . . . 1.5
D
675 66 3.8 . . . 3.4 82 3.4 . . . 3.0 100 1.7 . . . 1.5
750 69 4.0 . . . 3.8 88 3.8 . . . 3.2 107 2.1 . . . 1.7
825 72 4.4 . . . 4.2 94 4.2 . . . 3.6 113 2.5 . . . 2.1
E E
900 75 4.4 2.6 4.7 100 3.6 2.2 4.0 119 1.7 1.5 1.9
1050 88 5.3 3.2 5.9 113 4.4 2.6 4.9 132 2.5 1.5 2.8
1200 100 6.8 4.1 7.4 125 5.1 3.1 5.7 144 3.4 2.0 3.8
1350 113 8.0 4.8 8.9 138 6.1 3.7 6.8 157 4.4 2.6 4.9
1500 125 9.3 5.6 10.4 150 7.2 4.3 8.0 169 5.3 3.2 5.9
1650 138 10.6 6.4 11.6 163 9.1 5.5 9.7 182 6.6 4.0 7.2
1800 150 12.1 7.3 13.3 175 10.4 6.2 11.4 194 7.6 4.6 8.5
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa
1950 163 13.5 8.1 15.0 188 12.1 7.3 13.3 207 8.9 5.3 9.9
2100 175 15.2 9.1 16.9 200 13.5 8.1 15.0 219 10.6 6.4 11.9
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa
2250 188 17.1 10.3 19.1 213 14.6 8.8 16.3 232 12.5 7.5 14.0
2400 200 19.7 11.8 21.8 225 16.1 9.7 17.8 244 14.8 8.9 Inner Circular 5.9
Plus Elliptical 8.9
2550 213 21.8 13.1 Inner Circular 8.7 238 19.1 11.5 Inner Circular 7.6 257 17.6 10.6 Inner Circular 7.0
Plus Elliptical 13.1 Plus Elliptical 11.5 Plus Elliptical 10.6
2700 225 25.8 15.5 Inner Circular 10.3 250 22.9 13.7 Inner Circular 9.2 269 21.0 12.6 Inner Circular 8.4
Plus Elliptical 15.5 Plus Elliptical 13.7 Plus Elliptical 12.6
A A A
2850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
For modified or special designs, see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655M. Steel areas may be interpolated between those
shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 2400 mm in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B
As an alternative to configurations requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 2, or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 1.
C
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.
D
For these classes and sizes, the minimum practical steel reinforcement is specified. The specified ultimate strength of non-reinforced pipe is greater than the minimum
specified strength for the equivalent diameters.
E
As an alternative, single cage reinforcement may be used. The reinforcement area in square centimetres per linear metre shall be 6.4 for wall B and 4.2 for wall C.
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall
be one of the following:
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,
6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,
6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,
C76M − 22a
A
TABLE 4 Requirements for Class IV Reinforced Concrete Pipe
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.
The strength test requirements in newtons per linear metre of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test load expressed
in newtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter) to produce the 0.3-mm crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate load
as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in millimetres.
D-load to produce a 0.3 mm crack 100.0
D-load to produce the ultimate load 150.0
Reinforcement, cm /linear m of pipe wall
Wall A Wall B Wall C
Internal
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa
Designated
Wall Circular Circular Elliptical Circular Elliptical
Diameter,
B Wall B Wall B
Thickness, Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforce- Reinforcement Reinforce-
mm Elliptical
Thickness, C Thickness, C
C
mm ment ment
Reinforcement
Inner Outer Inner Outer Inner Outer
mm mm
Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage
D
300 44 3.2 . . . . . . 50 1.5 . . . . . . 69 1.5 . . . . . .
D
375 47 3.4 . . . . . . 57 2.1 . . . . . . 75 1.5 . . . . . .
D D
450 50 3.6 . . . 3.2 63 3.0 . . . 2.3 82 1.5 . . . 1.5
D D
525 57 4.9 . . . 4.4 69 4.2 . . . 3.6 88 1.5 . . . 1.5
600 63 6.1 . . . 5.7 75 5.7 . . . 4.9 94 1.5 1.5 1.7
675 66 7.0 . . . 6.6 82 6.6 . . . 5.3 100 1.7 1.5 1.9
750 69 8.0 . . . 7.4 88 7.4 . . . 5.9 107 1.9 1.5 2.1
A
825 . . . . . . . . . 94 5.7 3.4 6.3 113 2.3 1.5 2.5
A
900 . . . . . . . . . 100 6.3 3.8 7.0 119 3.0 1.8 3.2
A
1050 . . . . . . . . . 113 7.4 4.4 8.3 132 4.2 2.5 4.7
A
1200 . . . . . . . . . 125 8.9 5.3 9.9 144 5.5 3.3 6.1
1350 . . . . . . . . . 138 10.6 6.4 11.6 157 7.2 4.3 8.0
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa
A
1500 . . . . . . . . . 150 12.5 7.5 14.0 169 8.7 5.2 9.7
A
1650 . . . . . . . . . 163 14.6 8.8 16.3 182 10.8 6.5 12.0
Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa
A
1800 . . . . . . . . . 175 16.7 10.0 18.6 194 12.9 7.7 14.4
A A
1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 15.0 9.0 16.7
A A
2100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 18.0 10.8 19.9
A A A
2250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
2400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
2550 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
2700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
2850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A
3600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
For modified or special designs see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655M. Steel areas may be interpolated between those
shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 2400 mm in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B
As an alternative to configurations requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 2, or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 1.
For Wall C, in sizes 600 to 825 mm, a single circular cage with an area not less than the sum of the specified inner and outer circular reinforcement areas.
C
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.
D
For these classes and sizes, the minimum practical steel reinforcement is specified.
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, slag cement, and fly ash, or
6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification C33/C33M except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply.
6.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are allowable:
C76M − 22a
A
TABLE 5 Requirements for Class V Reinforced Concrete Pipe
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.
The strength test requirements in newtons per linear metre of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test load expressed
in newtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter) to produce the 0.3-mm crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate load
as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in millimetres.
D-load to produce a 0.3 mm crack 140.0
D-load to produce the ultimate load 175.0
Reinforcement, cm /linear m of pipe wall
Wall A Wall B Wall C
Internal
Concrete Strength, 41.4 MPa Concrete Strength, 41.4 MPa Concrete Strength, 41.4 MPa
Designated
Circular Circular Circular
Diameter,
Wall B Elliptical Wall B Elliptical Wall B Elliptical
Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
mm
Thickness, Reinforce- Thickness, Reinforce- Thickness, Reinforce-
Inner Outer C Inner Outer C Inner Outer C
mm ment mm ment mm ment
Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage
A D
300 . . . . . . . . . 50 2.1 . . . . . . 69 1.5 . . . . . .
A D
375 . . . . . . . . . 57 3.0 . . . . . . 75 1.5 . . . . . .
A
450 . . . . . . . . . 63 4.0 . . . 3.4 82 2.1 . . . . . .
A
525 . . . . . . . . . 69 5.1 . . . 4.4 88 2.1 . . . . . .
A E
600 . . . . . . . . . 75 6.4 . . . 5.1 94 2.5 1.5 2.8
A
675 . . . . . . . . . 82 8.0 4.8 8.9 100 3.0 1.8 3.4
A
750 . . . . . . . . . 88 8.7 5.2 9.7 107 3.8 2.3 4.2
A
825 . . . . . . . . . 94 9.7 5.8 10.8 113 4.9 2.9 5.3
A
900 . . . . . . . . . 100 10.6 6.4 11.9 119 5.7 3.4 6.3
A
1050 . . . . . . . . . 113 12.7 7.6 14.2 132 7.6 4.6 8.5
A
1200 . . . . . . . . . 125 15.5 9.3 17.1 144 9.9 5.9 11.0
A A
1350 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 12.3 7.4 13.5
A A
1500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 14.8 8.9 16.5
A A
1650 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 17.8 10.7 19.7
A A
1800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 21.0 12.6 23.3
A A A
1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
2100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
2250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
2400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
2550 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
2700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
2850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A A
3600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
For modified or special designs see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655M.
B
As an alternative to configurations requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 2, or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 1.
C
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.
D
For these classes and sizes, the minimum practical steel reinforcement is specified.
E
As an alternative, single cage reinforcement may be used. The reinforcement area in square centimetres per linear metre shall be 4.7.
6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;
6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;
6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and
6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
6.5 Steel Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist of wire or welded wire conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M, or of
bars conforming to Specification A36/A36M, Specification A615/A615M Grade 280 or 420, or Specification A706/A706M Grade
420. For helically wound cages only, weld shear tests are not required.
6.6 Fibers—Synthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in concrete pipe as
C76M − 22a
NOTE 1—The total reinforcement area (Asi) of the inner cage plus the quadrant mat in Quadrants 1 and 2 shall not be less than that specified for the
inner cage in Tables 1-5.
NOTE 2—The total reinforcement area (Aso) of t
...
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