ASTM C655M-19a

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C655M − 19 C655M − 19a
Standard Specification for
Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, and
Sewer Pipe (Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C655M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe designed for specific D-loads and intended to be used for the conveyance
of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction of culverts.
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C655; therefore, no inch-pound equivalents are presented in this
specification. Reinforced concrete pipe that conform to the requirements of C655 are acceptable under this Specification C655M
unless prohibited by the Owner.
NOTE 1—Experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the pipe strength, the type of
bedding and backfill, the care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications, and provision for adequate inspection at the construction
site. This specification does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, the relationship between field load conditions and the strength designation of
pipe, or durability under unusual environmental conditions. These requirements should be included in the project specification.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C990M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants
(Metric)
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.02 on Reinforced Sewer
and Culvert Pipe.
Current edition approved July 1, 2019July 15, 2019. Published July 2019. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20182019 as
C655M – 18.C655M – 19. DOI: 10.1520/C0655M-19.10.1520/C0655M-19A.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C655M − 19a
C1628 Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.
4. Basis of Acceptance
4.1 The acceptability of the pipe design shall be determined in accordance with Section 9. After the pipe design has been
accepted, or if the pipe design has been accepted previously in accordance with Section 9, the owner may select and have applied
the basis of acceptance described in either 4.1.1 or 4.1.2. Unless designated by the owner at the time of, or before placing an order,
either basis of acceptance shall be permitted.
4.1.1 Acceptance on the Basis of Pipe Load and Material Tests and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Defects—Determine
in accordance with Sections 5, 6, 8, and 10.
NOTE 2—It is necessary that samples be selected at random. For guidance see Practice E105.
4.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Concrete Compression and Materials Tests and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for
Defects—Determine in accordance with Sections 5, 6, 8, and 11.
4.2 Age for Acceptance—Pipe shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements.
5. Design and Manufacturing Data
5.1 The manufacturer shall provide the following information regarding the pipe unless waived by the owner:
5.1.1 Basis of acceptance.
5.1.2 Pipe design strength.
5.1.3 Physical Characteristics—Diameter, wall thickness, laying length, and joint details.
5.1.4 Design concrete strength; minimum f ' equals 27.6 MPa.
c
5.1.5 Admixtures.
5.1.6 Reinforcement:
5.1.6.1 Type of reinforcement, applicable reinforcement specification, and grade.
5.1.6.2 Placement, placement tolerances, diameter, spacing and cross-sectional area of circumferential, longitudinal, and special
reinforcement.
5.1.7 Manufacturing and curing process.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Materials:
6.1.1 Reinforced Concrete—The reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, if
used, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.
6.1.2 Cementitious Materials:
6.1.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall be
portland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of
Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
6.1.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
6.1.2.3 Slag Cement—Slag Cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.
6.1.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete
shall be one of the following:
(1) Portland cement only,
(2) Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,
(3) Portland-pozzolan cement only,
(4) Portland-limestone cement only,
(5) A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,
(6) A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,
(7) A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, slag cement and fly ash, or
(8) A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.
6.1.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M, except that the requirement for
gradation shall not apply.
6.1.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are allowable:
6.1.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;
6.1.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;
6.1.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and
C655M − 19a
6.1.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
6.1.5 Steel Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist of wire or welded wire conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M,
or of bars conforming to Specification A36/A36M, Specification A615/A615M Grade 280 or 420, or Specification A706/A706M,
Grade 420. For helically wound cages only, weld shear tests are not required.
6.1.6 Fibers—Synthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in concrete pipe
as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designed and
manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall be
accepted.
6.2 Manufacture:
6.2.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials,
water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and
design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight.
Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.1 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280 kg/m unless
mix designs with a lower cementitious material content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet the
requirements of this specification.
6.2.1.1 Mixing Water—Water used in the production of concrete shall be potable or nonpotable water that meets the
requirements of Specification C1602/C1602M.
6.2.2 Reinforcement:
6.2.2.1 Placement—Reinforcement shall be placed as indicated in 5.1.6.2, subject to the tolerances given in 8.2.2. Minimum
design protective cover of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement in the barrel of the pipe shall be 25 mm for wall
thicknesses of 63 mm or greater, and 19 mm for wall thicknesses less than 63 mm, subject to the tolerances given in 8.2.2.
6.2.2.2 Splices—The strength of the pipe shall not be adversely affected by the splice.
6.2.2.3 Spacing—The spacing center-to-center of adjacent rings of circumferential reinforcement in a cage shall not exceed 100
mm for pipe with a wall thickness up to and including 100 mm and shall not exceed the wall thickness or 150 mm, whichever is
smaller, for larger pipe.
6.2.3 Joints—The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that when the sections are
laid together they will make a continuous line of pipe with a smooth interior free of appreciable irregularities in the flow line, all
compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 8. Joints shall conform to the requirements of Specifications C443M,
C990M, and C1628, or other established joint types approved by the owner, including, but not limited to, mortar, sealant or
externally-wrapped joints.
6.2.4 Lift Holes—When agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes shall be allowed to be provided in each pipe for the purpose
of handling.
7. Physical Requirements
7.1 Strength—The design strength designation of the pipe shall be the D-load to produce the 0.3-mm crack when tested in
accordance with Test Methods C497M. The relationship of ultimate strength D-load to the design strength D-load shall be
determined using a factor of 1.5 for design strength designations up to 100 N/m·mm of diameter, a factor varying in linear
proportion from 1.5 to 1.25 for design strength designations from 100 N/m·mm through 150 N/m·mm, and a factor of 1.25 for
design strength designations in excess of 150 N/m·mm.
NOTE 3—As used in this specification, the 0.3-mm crack is a test criterion for pipe tested in three-edge bearing test and is not intended as an indication
of overstressed or failed pipe under installed conditions.
NOTE 4—Ultimate strength of concrete pipe in the buried condition is dependent on varying soil bedding factors and varying failure modes and shall
not necessarily have a relationship to the ultimate strength as defined under three-edge bearing conditions.
7.2 Test Equipment and Facilities—The manufacturer shall furnish without charge all samples, facilities, and personnel
necessary to carry out the tests required by this specification.
7.3 Pipe Load Tests—The tests for crushing strength, when required, shall be made in accordance with Test Methods C497M.
When alternative methods of load testing are specified, tests shall be made in accordance with the alternative requirements.
8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
8.1 Standard Diameters—Pipe shall be manufactured in the standard inside diameters listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Standard Designated Inside Diameter, mm
300 600 900 1500 2100 2700 3300
375 675 1050 1650 2250 2850 3450
450 750 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600
525 825 1350 1950 2550 3150
C655M − 19a
NOTE 5—Diameters other than those shown in Table 1 and diameters larger than 3600 mm are possibly available. When such sizes are required, the
owner should contact the manufacturers in the area.
8.2 Design Tolerances—Except as specified in this section, all permissible design tolerances shall be given in Section 5.
8.2.1 Diameter Tolerances—Permissible variations in the internal diameter are as prescribed in Table 2.
8.2.2 Reinforcement Placement Tolerances—The maximum variation in the nominal position of the reinforcement shall be
610 % of the wall thickness or 16 mm, whichever is greater. Pipe having variations in the position of the reinforcement exceeding
those specified above shall be accepted if the three-edge-bearing strength requirements obtained on a representative sample are
met. In no case, however, shall the cover over the circumferential reinforcement be less than 16 mm.
8.2.3 Length of Two Opposite Sides—Variations in the laying length of two opposite sides of pipe shall not be more than 6 mm
for all sizes through 600 mm internal diameter, and not more than 10 mm/m of internal diameter for all larger sizes, with a
maximum of 16 mm in any pipe through 2100 mm internal diameter, and a maximum of 19 mm for 2250 mm internal diameter
or larger, except where beveled-end pipe for laying on curves is specified by the owner.
8.2.4 Length of Pipe—The underrun in length of a section of pipe shall not be more than 10 mm/m with a maximum of 13 mm
in any length of pipe.
8.2.5 Wall Thickness Tolerances—The wall thickness shall be not less than the nominal specified in the design given in 5.1.3.1
by more than 5 % or 5 mm, whichever is greater. A wall thickness more than that required in the design is not a cause for rejection,
except that such pipe shall not be used for the tests required in 7.3.
9. Acceptance of Design
9.1 Acceptance by Tests of Specimens—Three to five representative specimens, or special test pipe that are shorter than standard
production pipe, as agreed upon by the owner and manufacturer, shall be tested to the 0.3-mm crack and to ultimate strength and
the
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