ASTM F1236-96e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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e1
Designation: F 1236 – 96
Standard Guide for
Visual Inspection of Electrical Protective Rubber Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1236; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Figures 6, 23, and 37 were added and figures renumbered in May 1997.
1. Scope between the electrodes and through the equipment being tested
(see Fig. 4).
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to present methods and
3.1.4 chemical bloom—a white or yellowish discoloration
techniques for the visual inspection of electrical protective
on the surface of a rubber product caused by the migration to
rubber products. This guide also includes descriptions and
the surface of chemical additives used in the manufacture of
photographs of irregularities found in these products.
the finished product (see Fig. 5).
NOTE 1—It is not the purpose of this guide to establish the acceptance
3.1.5 color splash—a spot or blotch on the surface of a
level of any irregularity described herein. That shall be established by the
rubber product that occurred during the manufacturing process
standard for each product.
when a contrasting colored particle of unvulcanized rubber
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
became embedded into the finished product (see Fig. 6).
as standard. The SI units in parentheses are for information
3.1.6 cuts— smooth incisions in the surface of the rubber
only.
that are usually caused by a sharp-edged object that can
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
increase in size when they are placed under strain (see Fig. 7).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.7 depressions or indentations—a shallow recess in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
surface of the rubber that exhibits a thinner rubber thickness at
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the bottom of the depression than in the surrounding areas (see
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Fig. 8).
3.1.8 detergent cracks—cracks that appear on the inside
2. Referenced Documents
surface of a glove or sleeve that encircle the outline of a spot
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of detergent residue that was not removed during the cleaning
F 496 Specification for In-Service Care of Insulating
and rinsing of the form prior to the dipping process.
Gloves and Sleeves
3.1.9 embedded foreign matter—a particle of non-rubber
F 819 Definitions of Terms Relating to Electrical Protective
material that has been molded into the finished product and
Equipment for Workers
may appear as a bump when the rubber is stretched (see Fig. 9).
3.1.10 form marks—a raised or indented section on the
3. Terminology
surface of the rubber that was caused by an irregularity in the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
form.
3.1.1 abrasions and scratches—surface damage that nor-
3.1.11 hard spot—a hardened area on the rubber surface that
mally occurs when a product makes contact with an abrasive
is usually caused by exposure to high heat or chemical attack
surface. Scuff-like damage can also occur from a brush contact
(see Figs. 10-13).
with a hot object such as a soldering iron. This can sometimes
3.1.12 mold marks—a raised or indented section on the
look like the graining on leather (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
surface of the rubber that was caused by an irregularity in the
3.1.2 age cracks—surface cracks that may look like the
mold (see Figs. 14 and 15).
crazing of glazed ceramics and become progressively worse
3.1.13 nicks, snags, or scratches—angular tears, notches, or
with time. It is normally a slow oxidation process caused by
chip-like injuries in the surface of the rubber that have been
exposure to sunlight and ozone in the atmosphere and starts in
caused by barbed wire, sharp pointed tools, staples, splinters or
areas of the rubber that are under stress (see Fig. 3).
similar sharp edged hazards (see Fig. 2, Fig. 16, and Fig. 17).
3.1.3 breakdown—the electrical discharge or arc occurring
3.1.14 ozone cracks—a series of interlacing cracks that may
start at stress points and quickly worsen as a result of rapid
oxidation in a highly concentrated ozone atmosphere usually
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-18 on Electrical
Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
produced by electrical arcing (see Fig. 18 and Fig. 19).
F18.60 on Terminology.
3.1.15 parting line or flash line—a ridge of rubber left on
Current edition approved March 10, 1996. Published August 1996. Originally
finished products occurring at mold joints during the manufac-
published as F 1236 – 89. Last previous edition F 1236 – 89.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03. turing process.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1236
3.1.16 pitting—a pit-like depression in the surface of the irregularities as it is rolled up. Unroll the blanket and roll it up
rubber that may have been created by the rupturing of an air again at right angles to the original direction of rolling. Repeat
bubble at or near the surface of the rubber during the the rolling operations on the reverse side of the blanket (see
manufacturing process (see Fig. 20). Fig. 29).
3.1.17 protuberance—bulge or swelling that protrudes
5.1.3 Examine the inside surfaces of the insulating line hose
above the surface of the rubber that may have occurred during
by holding the hose at the far end from the lock and placing
manufacture (see Fig. 21).
both hands side-by-side palms down around the hose. With the
3.1.18 puncture—penetration by a sharp object through the
slot at the top and the long free end of the hose on the left,
entire thickness of the rubber product (see Fig. 22).
slowly bend the two ends of the hose downward while forcing
3.1.19 repair marks—an area on the surface of the finished
the slot open with the thumbs. The hose should be open at the
product that has a different texture due to the repair or
bend, exposing the inside surface. Slide the left hand about a
reworking of an irregularity in the mold or form (see Fig. 23).
foot down the hose and then, with both hands firmly gripping
3.1.20 runs— raised flow marks that may occur on the
the hose, simultaneously move the left hand up and the right
fingers of rubber gloves during the dipping process.
hand down to pass this section over the crown of the bend for
3.1.21 skin breaks—cavities in the surface of the rubber
inspection. Slide the right hand up the hose to the left hand.
with filmy ragged edges and smooth interior surfaces that are
Hold the hose firmly with the right hand while the left hand
normally caused by embedded dirt specks during manufacture.
again slides another foot do
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