ASTM C1140/C1140M-11(2019)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparing and Testing Specimens from Shotcrete Test Panels
Standard Practice for Preparing and Testing Specimens from Shotcrete Test Panels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Specimens obtained in accordance with the procedure section of this practice may be used for preconstruction studies of shotcrete mixtures, to qualify nozzlemen and equipment, or for quality control, or compressive or flexural strength testing, during the progress of a project.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for preparing test panels of dry-mix or wet-mix shotcrete and for testing specimens sawed or cored from the panels.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory materials (excluding those in tables and figures) that shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 14-Dec-2019
- Technical Committee
- C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
- Drafting Committee
- C09.46 - Shotcrete
Relations
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2023
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2019
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2018
- Effective Date
- 15-Mar-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2018
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2016
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2016
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2016
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2015
Overview
ASTM C1140/C1140M-11(2019) is an international standard practice developed by ASTM for preparing and testing specimens from shotcrete test panels. This standard outlines procedures for creating test panels using both dry-mix and wet-mix shotcrete processes, and for testing specimens that are sawed or cored from these panels. It aims to ensure the reliable evaluation of shotcrete mixtures, the qualification of nozzlemen and equipment, and to support quality control or strength testing throughout a project's progress. The standard supports dual-unit measurements, accommodating both SI and inch-pound units.
Key Topics
- Panel Preparation: Specifies methods for constructing test panels using prescribed dimensions and materials. Both wood and steel forms are permitted, with requirements for panel size and rigidity to ensure consistent results.
- Mixture Representation: Panels must be prepared using the same materials, proportions, and admixtures as those proposed or used in the actual structure, for both dry-mix and wet-mix processes.
- Sample Extraction: Details procedures for obtaining test specimens such as cores, beams, or cubes from the central portion of the panel, using approved test methods.
- Curing and Conditioning: Outlines proper curing methods, including moist-curing and storage requirements, to preserve sample integrity prior to testing.
- Mechanical Testing: Supports use of test methods for compressive and flexural strength, density, absorption, and voids, aligning with ASTM’s referenced test methods.
- Reporting Requirements: Specifies essential data to be included in testing reports, including material types, admixtures, fiber content, panel position, specimen conditioning, and test results.
Applications
This standard is widely used across the construction and civil engineering sectors in projects involving sprayed concrete, or shotcrete. Practical applications include:
- Preconstruction Studies: Evaluating proposed shotcrete mixtures for suitability in design and structural requirements.
- Personnel and Equipment Qualification: Certifying nozzlemen, gun operators, and related equipment through standardized specimen testing.
- Quality Control: Monitoring shotcrete quality and consistency during ongoing construction by routinely sampling and testing, ensuring project compliance.
- Strength Testing: Assessing compressive or flexural properties of shotcrete to support structural integrity and safety.
- Research & Development: Used by material developers and testing labs to develop improved shotcrete formulations and application techniques.
The standard is integral in environments where high-quality, reproducible shotcrete work is critical, such as tunnel linings, slope stabilization, swimming pools, and repair of concrete structures.
Related Standards
ASTM C1140/C1140M refers to multiple additional ASTM standards supporting comprehensive evaluation of concrete and shotcrete:
- ASTM C42/C42M: Obtaining and testing drilled cores and sawed beams of concrete
- ASTM C78/C78M: Flexural strength of concrete (third-point loading)
- ASTM C138/C138M: Density and air content of concrete (gravimetric)
- ASTM C143/C143M: Slump of hydraulic-cement concrete
- ASTM C171: Sheet materials for curing concrete
- ASTM C231/C231M: Air content of freshly mixed concrete (pressure method)
- ASTM C511: Mixing rooms and moist rooms for concrete testing
- ASTM C642: Density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete
- ASTM C513/C513M: Obtaining/testing specimens of hardened lightweight insulating concrete
- ASTM C1399/C1399M: Average residual-strength of fiber-reinforced concrete
Utilizing ASTM C1140/C1140M-11(2019) in conjunction with these related standards ensures thorough quality control and verification of shotcrete performance, essential for safe and durable concrete construction projects.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM C1140/C1140M-11(2019) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Practice for Preparing and Testing Specimens from Shotcrete Test Panels". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Specimens obtained in accordance with the procedure section of this practice may be used for preconstruction studies of shotcrete mixtures, to qualify nozzlemen and equipment, or for quality control, or compressive or flexural strength testing, during the progress of a project. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers procedures for preparing test panels of dry-mix or wet-mix shotcrete and for testing specimens sawed or cored from the panels. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory materials (excluding those in tables and figures) that shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Specimens obtained in accordance with the procedure section of this practice may be used for preconstruction studies of shotcrete mixtures, to qualify nozzlemen and equipment, or for quality control, or compressive or flexural strength testing, during the progress of a project. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers procedures for preparing test panels of dry-mix or wet-mix shotcrete and for testing specimens sawed or cored from the panels. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory materials (excluding those in tables and figures) that shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C1140/C1140M-11(2019) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM C1140/C1140M-11(2019) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM C1140/C1140M-11, ASTM C231/C231M-24, ASTM C457/C457M-23a, ASTM C513/C513M-11(2019), ASTM C125-19a, ASTM C125-19, ASTM C125-18b, ASTM C125-18a, ASTM C42/C42M-18, ASTM C125-18, ASTM C125-16, ASTM C78/C78M-15b, ASTM C42/C42M-16, ASTM C125-15b, ASTM C1399/C1399M-10(2015). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM C1140/C1140M-11(2019) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1140/C1140M − 11 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Preparing and Testing Specimens from Shotcrete Test
Panels
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC1140/C1140M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C125Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
gregates
1.1 Thispracticecoversproceduresforpreparingtestpanels
C138/C138MTest Method for Density (UnitWeight),Yield,
of dry-mix or wet-mix shotcrete and for testing specimens
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
sawed or cored from the panels.
C143/C143MTest Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Concrete
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
C171Specification for Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
C231/C231MTestMethodforAirContentofFreshlyMixed
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Concrete by the Pressure Method
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
C457/C457MTest Method for Microscopical Determination
with the standard.
of Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Con-
crete
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
that provide explanatory materials (excluding those in tables C511Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
and figures) that shall not be considered as requirements of the
standard. Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C513/C513MTest Method for Obtaining and Testing Speci-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mens of Hardened Lightweight Insulating Concrete for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Compressive Strength
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C642Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Hardened Concrete
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C995Test Method for Time of Flow of Fiber-Reinforced
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Concrete Through Inverted Slump Cone (Withdrawn
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2009)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
C1018Test Method for Flexural Toughness and First-Crack
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using BeamWith
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Third-Point Loading) (Withdrawn 2006)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
C1399/C1399M Test Method for Obtaining Average
2. Referenced Documents Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
C42/C42MTest Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
standard, refer to Terminology C125.
C78/C78MTest Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete
(Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Specimens obtained in accordance with the procedure
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
sectionofthispracticemaybeusedforpreconstructionstudies
and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.46
of shotcrete mixtures, to qualify nozzlemen and equipment, or
on Shotcrete.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
for quality control, or compressive or flexural strength testing,
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1140/C1140M–11.
during the progress of a project.
DOI: 10.1520/C1140_C1140M-11R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1140/C1140M − 11 (2019)
5. Test Panels fabrication as is safe to prevent damage) with a sheet of
material meeting requirements of Specification C171 or stored
5.1 Forms for Panels:
in a moist room meeting the requirements of Specification
5.1.1 The form for receiving the shotcrete shall be either
C511. Field cured specimens shall be moved to the laboratory
wood or steel construction and sufficiently rigid to prevent
just prior to testing.
dislodging of the shotcrete through vibration or deformation.
The form shall have a minimum width and length of 610 mm
8.2 Latex admixed shotcrete panels shall be moist-cured for
[24 in.] and a minimum depth of 89 mm [3 ⁄2in.] with either
24 h and then air-dried for the balance of the curing cycle.
square or sloped sides. Larger panels may be desirable for
qualifying nozzlemen, equipment, or mixture design.
9. Obtaining and Testing Specimens
5.1.1.1 Wood Forms—Wood forms shall have a back made
9.1 Specimens shall be obtained from panels by drilling
fromplywoodatleast19mm[ ⁄4in.]thick.Sidepiecesshallbe
cores or sawing beams in accordance with Test Method
made of lumber with a minimum thickness of 38 mm [1 ⁄2in.].
5.1.1.2 Steel Forms—Steel forms shall be made using ma- C42/C42M, or by sawing cubes in accordance with Test
terial having a minimum thickness of 5 mm [ ⁄16in.]. Method C513/C513M. Samples to be cored or sawed shall be
removed from the central portion of the specimen. Samples
6. Materials shall not be taken from the shotcrete in the space equal to the
depth plus 25.4 mm [1 in.] from the outside edges. For 89 mm
6.1 Dry-Mix Process—Thetestmixtureshallbeofthesame
[3 ⁄2in.] deep, 610 × 610 mm [24 × 24 in.] forms, this
materialsandproportionsbeingusedorproposedforuseinthe
corresponds to 114 mm [4 ⁄2in.] from the inside of th
...
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