ASTM C1039-85(2005)

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An American National Standard
Designation: C1039 – 85 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Methods for
Apparent Porosity, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk
Density of Graphite Electrodes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.3.1 The pressure vessel shall be provided with an opentop
container to hold the specimens and a means of introducing
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of apparent
water around the specimens while specimens are being held at
porosity, apparent specific gravity, and bulk density of cores
low pressure.
taken from graphite electrodes manufactured for use in electric
4.4 Vacuum Pump.
arc furnaces. (See also C559 and C838.)
4.5 Wire Loop, Halter or Stirrup, fabricated with 22 AWG
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety
(9.643 mm) copper wire shall be provided for determining
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
suspended weight.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
4.6 Smooth Linen or Cotton Cloth.
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
5. Test Specimens and Sampling
2. Referenced Documents 5.1 Electrodes can be sampled using Practice C783 that
result in a specimen with approximately 50 mm (2 in.)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
diameter and 191 mm (7 ⁄2 in.) long or a specimen of
C559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure-
equivalent volume.
ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
5.2 If sizes and shapes which are different from those
C783 Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite Electrodes
described in 5.1, these shall be included in the report.
C838 Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured
5.3 For each test, select at least five electrodes, at random,
Carbon and Graphite Shapes
to represent a lot.The lot size will be determined by agreement
3. Significance and Use
of the parties desiring the tests.
3.1 Theresultsofthesetestmethodscanbeusedasaquality
6. Calibration
control or quality assurance check of electrodes either during
6.1 Prior to obtaining the suspended weights of the speci-
their manufacture or at the user’s location. The results of these
mens,thebalanceshallbeadjustedtozerowiththewirestirrup
methods tend to be operator-sensitive, therefore, care must be
suspended from the balance and immersed into a container of
takenintheexecutionofthetestinordertoobtainreproducible
the liquid to the same depth in the liquid as occurs when a
results.
specimen is in place.
4. Apparatus
7. Procedure
4.1 Drying Oven.
7.1 Determinations of Dry Weight, D:
4.2 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 0.1 g.
7.1.1 Dry the test specimens to constant weight by heating
4.3 Autoclave or Pressure Vessel, capable of withstanding
to 100 to 110°C (212 to 230°F). Cool and determine the dry
one atmosphere externally and designed to withstand at least
weight, D, in grams to the nearest 0.1 g. If the time between
448 to 483 kPa (65 to 70 psi) internal pressure.
dryingandweighingexceeds8h,thespecimensmustbestored
in a desiccator.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
7.1.2 The determination of dry weight may be done either
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
before or after the saturation operation. If the specimen is
D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
friable or there is evidence that particles have broken loose
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
approvedin1985.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2000asC1039–85(2000).DOI:
during the saturation operation, the dry weight shall be
10.1520/C1039-85R05.
obtained after the suspended and saturated weights have been
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
determined. Drying as described in 7.1.1 must be carried out.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 7.2 Saturation:
the ASTM website.
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C1039 – 85 (2005)
7.2.1 Using the pressure vessel described in 4.3, place the 8.3 Volume of Impervious Portion—Obtain the volume of
specimens in the open-top container inside the vessel. Close impervious portion by subtracting the suspended weight, S,
and seal the vessel and pump down at least to 133 Pa (1 mm from the dry weight, D.
Hg) and maintain this pressure for 30 min.
Volume of impervious portion, cm 5 D 2 S (3)
7.2.2 Slowly introduce water (preferably distilled water)
8.4 Apparent Porosity, P—The apparent porosity, P,is
until the specimens are covered with at least 40 mm (1.5 in.) of
expressed as a percentage of the volume of open pores to the
water. Continue to pump for an additional 5 min.
exterior volume, and may be calculated as follows:
NOTE 1—Sufficient water must be provided above the specimens to
P,% 5 [ W 2 D!/V 3 100 5 [ W 2 D!/ W 2 S! 3 100 (4)
~ # ~ ~ #
supply enough water t
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