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ASTM C1039-85(2000)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes

Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of apparent porosity, apparent specific gravity, and bulk density of cores taken from graphite electrodes manufactured for use in electric arc furnaces.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2000
ICS
71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.F0 - Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1039-85(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1836-16(2023) - Standard Classification for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM C1835-16(2023) - Standard Classification for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide (SiC-SiC) Composite Structures
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM C783-85(2020) - Standard Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite Electrodes
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM C1793-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6354-23 - Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of Carbon Cathode Blocks Used in Aluminum Production
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM C781-20 - Standard Practice for Testing Graphite Materials for Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Components
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000

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ASTM C1039-85(2000) - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite ElectrodesASTM C1039-85(2000) - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes
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ASTM C1039-85(2000) - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: C 1039 – 85 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Methods for
Apparent Porosity, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk
Density of Graphite Electrodes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.4 Vacuum Pump.
4.5 Wire Loop, Halter or Stirrup, fabricated with 22 AWG
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of apparent
(9.643 mm) copper wire shall be provided for determining
porosity, apparent specific gravity, and bulk density of cores
suspended weight.
taken from graphite electrodes manufactured for use in electric
4.6 Smooth Linen or Cotton Cloth.
arc furnaces.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety
5. Test Specimens and Sampling
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
5.1 Electrodes can be sampled using Practice C 783 that
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
result in a specimen with approximately 50 mm (2 in.)
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
diameter and 191 mm (7 ⁄2 in.) long or a specimen of equiv-
limitations prior to use.
alent volume.
2. Referenced Documents 5.2 If sizes and shapes which are different from those
described in 5.1, these shall be included in the report.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.3 For each test, select at least five electrodes, at random,
C 559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure-
to represent a lot.The lot size will be determined by agreement
ment of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
of the parties desiring the tests.
C 783 Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite Electrodes
C 838 Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured
6. Calibration
Carbon and Graphite Shapes
6.1 Prior to obtaining the suspended weights of the speci-
3. Significance and Use mens,thebalanceshallbeadjustedtozerowiththewirestirrup
suspended from the balance and immersed into a container of
3.1 Theresultsofthesetestmethodscanbeusedasaquality
the liquid to the same depth in the liquid as occurs when a
control or quality assurance check of electrodes either during
specimen is in place.
their manufacture or at the user’s location. The results of these
methods tend to be operator-sensitive, therefore, care must be
7. Procedure
takenintheexecutionofthetestinordertoobtainreproducible
7.1 Determinations of Dry Weight, D:
results.
7.1.1 Dry the test specimens to constant weight by heating
4. Apparatus to 100 to 110°C (212 to 230°F). Cool and determine the dry
weight, D, in grams to the nearest 0.1 g. If the time between
4.1 Drying Oven.
dryingandweighingexceeds8h,thespecimensmustbestored
4.2 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 0.1 g.
in a desiccator.
4.3 Autoclave or Pressure Vessel, capable of withstanding
7.1.2 The determination of dry weight may be done either
one atmosphere externally and designed to withstand at least
before or after the saturation operation. If the specimen is
448 to 483 kPa (65 to 70 psi) internal pressure.
friable or there is evidence that particles have broken loose
4.3.1 The pressure vessel shall be provided with an opentop
during the saturation operation, the dry weight shall be
container to hold the specimens and a means of intro-
obtained after the suspended and saturated weights have been
ducing water around the specimens while specimens are being
determined. Drying as described in 7.1.1 must be carried out.
held at low pressure.
7.2 Saturation:
7.2.1 Using the pressure vessel described in 4.3, place the
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on specimens in the open-top container inside the vessel. Close
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
and seal the vessel and pump down at least to 133 Pa (1 mm
D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
Hg) and maintain this pressure for 30 min.
Current edition approved May 31, 1985. Published July 1985.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1039 – 85 (2000)
7.2.2 Slowly introduce water (preferably distilled water)
Volume of open pores, cm 5 W 2 D (2)
until the specimens are covered with at least 40 mm (1.5 in.) of
8.3 Volume of Impervious Portion—Obtain the volume of
water. Continue to pump for an additional 5 min.
impervious portion by subtracting the suspended weight, S,
NOTE 1—Sufficient water must be provided above the specimens to from the dry weight, D.
supply enough water to fill the open pores of the specimens during
Volume of impervious portion, cm 5 D 2 S (3)
pressurization. If after pressurization, one or more specimens are exposed
toairabovethewater,thesespecimensmustbedriedandprocessrepeated
8.4 Apparent Porosity, P—The apparent porosity, P,is
(7.1.1).
expressed as a percentage of the volume of open pores to the
7.2.3 After the evacuation process is comp
...

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Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The results of these test methods can be used as a quality control or quality assurance check of electrodes either during their manufacture or at the user's location. The results of these methods tend to be operator-sensitive; therefore, care must be taken in the execution of the test in order to obtain reproducible results.
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This test method details the standard procedures for determining the flexural strength of manufactured carbon and graphite articles using a simple beam in four-point loading at room temperature. The four-point loading fixture shall consist of spherical bearing blocks of hardened steel or its equivalent to ensure that forces applied to the beam are normal only and without eccentricity, and distortion of the loading member is prevented. Judicious use of linkages, rocker bearings, and flexure plates may maintain the parallel direction of loads and reactions. The test specimens shall be prepared to yield a parallelepiped with cross sections that are rectangular, faces that are parallel and flat, and edges that are free from visible flaws and chips.
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4.1 This test method may be used for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes.  
4.2 This test method determines the maximum loading on a graphite specimen with simple beam geometry in 4-point bending, and it provides a means for the calculation of flexural strength at ambient temperature and environmental conditions.
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the flexural strength of manufactured carbon and graphite articles using a simple beam in four-point loading at room temperature.  
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ASTM C783-85(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite Electrodes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Core sampling is an acceptable way of obtaining a test specimen without destroying the usefulness of the electrode.  
4.1.1 Test specimens obtained by this practice can be used by producers and users of graphite electrodes for the purpose of conducting the tests in Note 1 to obtain comparative physical properties.  
4.2 This practice may not provide a test specimen of the appropriate size (with respect to particle size/sample dimension ratios) to allow the determination of absolute property values.
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1.1 This practice was developed for electric-arc furnace graphite electrodes, and covers a procedure and equipment for obtaining core samples from electrodes in a manner that does not destroy the electrode nor prevent its subsequent use as originally intended. However, the minimum electrode diameter, for which extraction of a core sample using this practice does not influence subsequent use, is influenced by the particular application and must be determined by the user. Graphite electrodes for use in electric arc furnaces are usually solid cylinders of graphite with threaded sockets machined in each end.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful information: Test Methods C559, C611, C651, C747, C1025, and C1039.  
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ASTM C559-16(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles

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4.1 Bulk density as determined by this test method is a basic material property of importance in manufacturing and application of carbon and graphite.  
4.2 This test method can be used for quality and process control, material characterization and description, and other purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk density of manufactured articles of carbon and graphite of at least 500 mm3 volume. The bulk density is calculated to an accuracy of 0.25 %, using measurements of mass and dimensions in air at 25 °C ± 5 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7972-14(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Three-Point Loading at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a framework for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes. The user needs to assess the applicability of the method on the specific material and for the intended use, as shown by the interlaboratory study.  
4.2 This test method determines the maximum loading on a graphite specimen with simple beam geometry in three–point bending, and it provides a means for the calculation of flexural strength at ambient temperature and environmental conditions.  
4.3 The flexure stress is computed based on simple beam theory with assumptions that the material is isotropic and homogeneous, the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are identical, and the material is linearly elastic. For materials with large grains, the minimum specimen dimension should be significantly larger than the maximum grain size (see Guide D7775).  
4.4 Flexural strength of a group of test specimens is influenced by several parameters associated with the test procedure. Such factors include the loading rate, test environment, specimen size, specimen preparation, and test fixtures. Specimen sizes and fixtures should be chosen to reduce errors due to material variability or testing parameters, such as friction and non-parallelism of specimen surfaces.  
4.5 The flexural strength of a manufactured graphite or carbon material is dependent on both its inherent resistance to fracture and the size and severity of flaws. Variations in these cause a natural scatter in test results for a sample of test specimens. Fractographic analysis of fracture surfaces, although beyond the scope of this standard, is highly recommended for all purposes, especially if the data will be used for design as discussed in Practices C1239 and C1322.  
4.6 The three-point test configuration exposes only a very small portion of the specimen to the maximum stress. Therefore, three-point flexural strengths are likely to be much greater than four-po...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the flexural strength of manufactured carbon and graphite articles using a square, rectangular or cylindrical beam in three-point loading at room temperature.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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