ASTM E3027-16
(Guide)Standard Guide for Making Sustainability-Related Chemical Selection Decisions in the Life-Cycle of Products
Standard Guide for Making Sustainability-Related Chemical Selection Decisions in the Life-Cycle of Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide outlines sustainability factors for manufacturers to consider when comparing alternative chemicals or ingredients across the life cycle of a product.
4.2 Methods exist for the evaluation of chemical hazards for product-chemical pairs. These methods are referenced in several regulatory, non-regulatory, and green building schemas and should be conducted as part of an analysis of this type.
Note 1: Evaluation methods include, but are not limited to, Clean Production Action’s GreenScreen for Safer Chemicals,5 The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Design for the Environment (DtE) Alternatives Assessment Criteria for Hazards Evaluation (Safer Choice) methodology and the National Academy of Sciences’ A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives.8 Regulatory schemas include laws such as the Safer Consumer Products Rule9 in California or the Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (REACh)10 regulations in Europe. Green building schemas include the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)11 system by the USGBC, which references these indirectly through third-party certifications. However, neither these assessment tools nor the various schemas that reference them have set guidance for using the data in making decisions on which products and ingredients are ultimately the most sustainable.
4.3 Similarly, many tools exist for measuring economic viability, such as value-models and cost analysis. There are also many tools and techniques for measuring social acceptance of products such as sales trends, voice of the customer and many other types of surveys.
4.4 This guide acknowledges the need for determining a baseline for comparing the performance (environmental, economic, and social) of an existing product-chemical pair in a product with the possible/potential alternatives. As such, when using this guide, companies shall use the same study boundaries for the original baseline case and for all alternat...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide outlines sustainability factors for product manufacturers to consider when comparing alternative chemicals or ingredients across the life cycle of a product. Such an analysis could be used in product development, answering customer inquiries, or replying to regulatory requests, among others.
1.2 This guide integrates many of the principles of green chemistry and green engineering in evaluating the factors across the social (including human health), economic, and ecological attributes in the use of a particular material and potential alternatives in a particular product.
1.3 This guide provides an outline for the contents of a report of the results of the analysis, including an executive summary, detailed report, and retrospective.
1.4 This guide does not provide guidance on how to perform chemical risk assessment, alternatives assessment, life-cycle assessment, or economic analysis, or how the alternatives decision-making framework will be completed.
1.5 This guide does not suggest in what order the social, ecological, or economic attributes of sustainability should be evaluated or which one is most important. This is a decision of the company performing the decision-making evaluation.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E3027 − 16
StandardGuide for
Making Sustainability-Related Chemical Selection Decisions
1
in the Life-Cycle of Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Perfor-
mance of Buildings
1.1 This guide outlines sustainability factors for product
3
2.2 NSF/ANSI Standard:
manufacturers to consider when comparing alternative chemi-
NSF/ANSI Standard 61: Drinking water system component-
cals or ingredients across the life cycle of a product. Such an
s–Health effects
analysis could be used in product development, answering
customer inquiries, or replying to regulatory requests, among
2.3 Other Standards:
others.
US EPA Design for the Environment (DfE) Alternatives
4
Assessment Criteria for Hazards Evaluation
1.2 This guide integrates many of the principles of green
5
Clean Production Action GreenScreen for Safer Chemicals
chemistry and green engineering in evaluating the factors
across the social (including human health), economic, and
3. Terminology
ecological attributes in the use of a particular material and
potential alternatives in a particular product.
3.1 Definitions: For definitions related to sustainability not
defined within this guide, refer to Terminology E2114.
1.3 This guide provides an outline for the contents of a
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
report of the results of the analysis, including an executive
3.2.1 alternatives decision-making framework, n—process
summary, detailed report, and retrospective.
by which the alternatives are evaluated in any product life-
1.4 Thisguidedoesnotprovideguidanceonhowtoperform
cycle stage/phase with the goal of creating a product with an
chemical risk assessment, alternatives assessment, life-cycle
improved or less impactful result.
assessment, or economic analysis, or how the alternatives
3.2.2 assessment, alternative, n—the activity of comparing
decision-making framework will be completed.
the existing material and the material identified as a possible
1.5 This guide does not suggest in what order the social,
alternate.
ecological, or economic attributes of sustainability should be
3.2.3 confidential business information, n—business details
evaluated or which one is most important. This is a decision of
including, but not limited to financial data, business
the company performing the decision-making evaluation.
relationships, product ingredients, or manufacturing processes
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
that are unique to and held as proprietary to an organization.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Confidential business information may
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
also be referred to as trade secret information, especially as it
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
relates to product formulation and manufacturing processes.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.4 data gap, n—lack of information, quantitative data,
modeled data, or estimations based upon read-across evidence
2. Referenced Documents
used to determine the relative impact measure of an ingredient,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
process, or product.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E60 on Sustainability
3
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.80 on General Sustainability Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd.,Ann
Standards. Arbor, MI, http://www.nsf.org.
4
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Originally Available from US EPA, Safer Choice Program, Office of Pollution Prevention
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E3027-15. DOI: & Toxics, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Mail Code 7406-M, Washington, DC,
10.1520/E3027-16. http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-01/documents/aa_criteria_v2.pdf.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Safer Choice is the new name for EPA’s Design for the Environment Program.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM GreenScreen is available from and a registered trademark of Clean Production
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Action, 1310 Broadway, Suite 101, Somerville, MA 02144, http://
the ASTM website. www.greenscreenchemicals.org/method/method-documents.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3027 − 15 E3027 − 16
Standard Guide for
Making Sustainability-Related Chemical Selection Decisions
1
in the Life-Cycle of Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide outlines sustainability factors for product manufacturers to consider when comparing alternative chemicals or
ingredients across the life cycle of a product. Such an analysis could be used in product development, answering customer
inquiries, or replying to regulatory requests, among others.
1.2 This guide integrates many of the principles of green chemistry and green engineering in evaluating the factors across the
social (including human health), economic, and ecological attributes in the use of a particular material and potential alternatives
in a particular product.
1.3 This guide provides an outline for the contents of a report of the results of the analysis, including an executive summary,
detailed report, and retrospective.
1.4 This guide does not provide guidance on how to perform chemical risk assessment, alternatives assessment, life-cycle
assessment, or economic analysis, or how the alternatives decision-making framework will be completed.
1.5 This guide does not suggest in what order the social, ecological, or economic attributes of sustainability should be evaluated
or which one is most important. This is a decision of the company performing the decision-making evaluation.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings
3
2.2 NSF/ANSI Standard:
NSF/ANSI Standard 61: Drinking water system components–Health effects
2.3 Other Standards:
4
US EPA Design for the Environment (DfE) Alternatives Assessment Criteria for Hazards Evaluation
5
Clean Production Action GreenScreen for Safer Chemicals
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions related to sustainability not defined within this guide, refer to Terminology E2114.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 alternatives decision-making framework, n—process by which the alternatives are evaluated in any product life-cycle
stage/phase with the goal of creating a product with an improved or less impactful result.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E60 on Sustainability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.80 on General Sustainability
Standards.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015July 1, 2016. Published January 2016August 2016. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
E3027-15. DOI: 10.1520/E3027-1510.1520/E3027-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, http://www.nsf.org.
4
Available from US EPA, Safer Choice Program, Office of Pollution Prevention & Toxics, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Mail Code 7406-M, Washington, DC,
http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-01/documents/aa_criteria_v2.pdf. Safer Choice is the new name for EPA’s Design for the Environment Program.
5
GreenScreen is available from and a registered trademark of Clean Production Action, 1310 Broadway, Suite 101, Somerville, MA 02144, http://
www.greenscreenchemicals.org/method/method-documents.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E3027 − 16
3.2.2 assessment, alternative, n—the activity of comparing the existing material and the material identified as a possible
alternate.
3.2.3 confidential business information, n—business details including, but not limited to financial data, business relationships,
product ingredients, or manufacturing processes that are unique t
...
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