ASTM D3175-20

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3175 − 18 D3175 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the gaseous products, exclusive of moisture vapor, as volatile matter in the
analysis sample of coal or coke from coal.
1.2 The test method for the determination of volatile matter is empirical.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis
D388 Classification of Coals by Rank
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
D3173/D3173M Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D3180 Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined to Different Bases
D5142 Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke by Instrumental Procedures (Withdrawn
2010)
D6374 Test Method for Volatile Matter in Green Petroleum Coke Quartz Crucible Procedure
D7582 Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke by Macro Thermogravimetric Analysis
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 popping—popping, n—unseating of the crucible cover due to swelling of the test sample resulting in mechanical loss of
the test material.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
This phenomenon is normally associated with strongly swelling coals.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.21 on Methods of Analysis.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018Feb. 1, 2020. Published January 2019March 2020. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 20172018 as
D3175 – 17.D3175 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D3175-18.10.1520/D3175-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3175 − 20
3.1.2 sparking—sparking, n—the evolution of gaseous products at a rate sufficient to mechanically carry solid particles out of
the crucible; those particles escaping at higher temperatures become incandescent when they are emitted, creating sparks.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
This phenomenon is normally associated with non-swelling coals but can also be associated with swelling coals as well as cokes.
3.1.3 swelling—swelling, n—the change in volume which takes place when coal is heated under conditions allowing the
softened coal to expand freely in a direction normal to the plane of heating.
3.2 Refer to Terminology D121 for additional definitions of terms used in this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Volatile matter is determined by establishing the mass loss resulting from heating a coal or coke under rigidly controlled
conditions. The measured mass loss, corrected for moisture as determined in Test MethodMethods D3173/D3173M or Test
Methods D7582 establishes the volatile matter content. Two procedures are described to permit conformity with differences in
sample behavior.
4.2 In this empirical test method, the use of platinum crucibles shall be considered the standard reference method for volatile
matter. Platinum crucibles shall be used in determining the volatile matter determined for classification of coals by rank. Volatile
matter determinations by some laboratories using alternate nickel-chromium alloy crucibles having the physical dimensions
specified in 6.1 have been shown to differ from those obtained using platinum crucibles. A laboratory utilizing nickel-chromium
crucibles shall first determine if a relative bias exists between the use of nickel-chromium and platinum crucibles on the coals being
tested using the test method set forth in Annex A1. Where a relative bias is shown to exist, the volatile matter determined using
nickel-chromium crucibles shall be corrected by a factor determined through comparison of volatile matter results from both
crucible types on coals being tested or analysis of samples of known proximate analysis.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Volatile matter, when determined as herein described, can be used to establish the rank of coals, to indicate coke yield on
carbonization process, to provide the basis for purchasing and selling, or to establish burning characteristics.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Platinum Crucible, with closely fitting cover, for coal. The crucible shall be of not less than 10 mL or more than 20 mL
capacity, not less than 25 mm or more than 35 mm in diameter, and not less than 30 mm or more than 35 mm in height.
6.2 Platinum Crucible, with closely fitting cover, for coke. The crucible shall be of 10 mL capacity, with capsule cover having
thin flexible sides fitting down into crucible. Or the double-crucible method can be used, in which the sample is placed in 10 mL
platinum crucible, which is then covered with another crucible of such a size that it will fit closely to the sides of the outer crucible
1 1
and its bottom will rest 8.5 mm to 12.7 mm ( ⁄3 in. to ⁄2 in.) above the bottom of the outer crucible.
6.3 Alternate Crucible Materials, nickel-chromium crucible with closely fitting cover. The crucible shall not be less than 10 mL
or more than 20 mL capacity, not less than 25 mm or more than 35 mm in diameter, and not less than 30 mm or more than 35 mm
in height. Nickel-chromium crucibles shall be heat-treated for 4 h at 500 °C to ensure that they are completely oxidized prior to
use.
6.3.1 Quartz crucible with closely fitting cover for coke samples. The crucible shall be the same type as specified for use with
Test Method D6374.
6.4 Vertical Electric Tube Furnace, for coal or coke. The electric furnace shall be a vertical tube furnace. The furnace can be
of the form shown in Fig. 1. It shall be regulated to maintain a temperature of 950 °C 6 20 °C in the crucible, as measured by
a thermocouple positioned in the furnace. The furnace shall accommodate sparking coals and meet the specifications set forth in
8.3.2.
6.5 Balance, sensitive to 0.1 mg.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Desiccants—Use freshly regenerated self-indicating desiccants. Suitable materials are listed as follows.
7.1.1 Anhydrous Calcium Sulfate
7.1.2 Silica Gel
8. Procedure
8.1 The sample shall be the material pulverized to 250 μm (No. 60) sieve in accordance with Practice D2013 or Practice D346.
D3175 − 20
FIG. 1 Electric Furnace for Determining Volatile Matter
8.1.1 Carry out a moisture determination in accordance with Test Method D3173/D3173M or Test Methods D7582 on a
separate portion of the analysis sample, preferably on the same day but not more than 24 h apart from the volatile matter
determination so that reliable corrections to other bases can be made.
8.2 Procedure for Nonsparking Coals and Cokes:
8.2.1 Refer to 4.2 and Section 6 for the type of crucible to use. Record the mass of the crucible and cover to the nearest 0.0001 g.
Place 1 g of the analysis sample in the crucible. Record the mass of the crucible, test specimen, and cover.
8.2.2 Record the mass of the crucible and cover to the nearest 0.0001 g. For coals place 1 g of the sample in a platinum crucible.
For coke samples platinum, nickel-chromium, or quartz crucibles are permitted. Close with a cover which fits closely enough so
that the carbon deposit from bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals does not burn away from the underside. Record the total
mass of the crucible, sample, and cover to the nearest 0.0001 g. Place the crucible on platinum or nickel-chromium wire supports
D3175 − 20
and insert directly into the furnace chamber, which shall be maintained at a temperature of 950 °C 6 20 °C, and lower immediately
to the 950 °C zone. Regulation of the temperature to within the prescribed limits is critical. After the more rapid discharge of
volatile matter has subsided, as shown by the disappearance of the luminous flame, or in the case of coke, after 2 min or 3 min,
inspect the crucible (see Note 1) to verify that the lid is still properly sealed. If necessary, reseat the lid to guard against the
admission of air into the crucible. Do this as rapidly as possible by raising the crucible to the top of the furnace chamber, reposition
the lid to more perfectly seal the crucible, then lower the crucible immediately back to the 950 °C zone. After heating for a total
of exactly 7 min, remove the crucible from the furnace and without disturbing the cover,cover; allow it to cool. Coke should be
cooled in a desiccator. Weigh as soon as cold. The percentage loss ofRefer to Section 9 weight minus the percentage moisture
equals the volatile matter. With some strongly caking low-volatile and medium-volatile bituminous coals, the coke button can be
broken with explosive violence due to the liberation of volatile matter within the button. This is usually designated as popping.
Such popping can blow the lid off the crucible and cause mechanical losses of the coked material. When such popping is observed,
the determination shall be rejected and the test repeated until popping does not occur.for the calculations necessary to calculate
the volatile matter in the analysis sample.
NOTE 1—Inspection of the crucible can be aided by the use of a mirror held above the furnace well.
8.2.3 With some strongly caking low-volatile and medium-volatile bituminous coals, the coke button can be broken with
explosive violence due to the liberation of volatile matter within the button. This is usually designated as popping. Such popping
can blow the lid off the crucible and cause mechanical losses of the coked material. When such popping is observed, the
determination shall be rejected and the test repeated until popping does not occur.
8.2.4 Fuels that do not cake or cake weakly when volatile matter is determined shall be watched closely for sparking during
the heating period. At the end of the test, the crucible cover shall be inspected for ash deposits. The presence of such deposits shall
be considered as evidence of sparking.
8.3 Modified Procedure for All Sparking Fuels:
8.3.1 Fuels that do not cake or cake weakly when volatile matter is determined shall be watched closely for sparking during
the heating period (seeAll low-rank noncaking coals and all other sparking coals should be dried at 107 °C 6 3 °C to constant
mass before determining the 8.3.3); also, at the end of the test the crucible cover shall be inspected for ash deposits, and the
presence of such deposits shall be considered as evidence of volatile matter to eliminate sparking.
8.3.2 All fuels that spark when the volatile matter is determined by the methods described in Refer to 8.24.2 shall be treated
as follows: The sample shall be given a preliminary gradual heating such that a temperature of 600 °C 6 50 °C is reached in 6 min
(and Section 8.3.36). After this preliminary heating the sample shall be heated for exactly 6 min at 950 °C 6 20 °C. If sparking
is then observed, the determination shall be rejected and the test repeated until no sparking occurs either during the preliminary
heating or during the 6 min period at 950 °C. Remove the crucible from the furnace, cool on a metal cooling block, and weigh.
To ensure uniformity of results, keep the cooling period constant and do not prolong beyond 15 min. The percentage loss in weight
minus the percent moisture in accordance with Test Method for the type of crucible to use. Record the mass of the crucible and
cover to D3173/D3173M or Test Methods D7582, is the volatile matter. All analyses by this test method shall be so marked when
reported to indicate that the modified procedure was used.the nearest 0.0001 g. Place 1 g of the analysis sample in the crucible and
record the weight of the crucible and test specimen.
8.3.3 Dry the sample at 107 °C 6 3 °C for 1 h or to a constant mass.
8.3.3.1 Drying the sparking coals can also be accomplished by determining the moisture content following the conditions
outlined in Test Method D3173/D3173M.
8.3.4 If a tubular furnace After drying of the Fieldner type (sample Fig. 1) is used for the determination of volatile matter, the
preliminary gradual heating can be accomplished by moving the crucible to predetermined positions in the cooler top zone of the
furnace. Due to variations in the heating characteristics of the furnace, the operator shall predetermine by thermocouple the proper
positions to meet a preliminary heating rate as specified in complete, determine the volatile matter in the test specimens following
the procedure described in 8.3.28.2.2. A mechanical device to lower the crucible into the furnace can be used to facilitate control
of the lowering operation.
9. CalculationCalculations
9.1 Calculate For nonsparking coals and cokes, calculate the percent mass loss, D, on heating as follows:
mass loss %, D 5 100 3 B 2 C ⁄ B 2 A (1)
@~ ! ~ !#
D 5 100x@~B 2 C!⁄~B 2 A!# (1)
where:
A = mass of crucible and cover, g,
B = mass of crucible and cover and contents before heating, g, and
B = mass of crucible, cover, and contents before heating, g,
C = mass of crucible and cover and contents after heating, g.
C = mass of crucible, cover, and contents after heating, g, and
D3175 − 20
D = mass loss, %.
9.2 Calculate the percent volatile matter For nonsparking coals and cokes, calculate the volatile matter mass fraction, w , in
VM
%, in the analysis samples as follows:
Volatile matter in analysis sample,%5 D 2 E (2)
w 5 D 2 E (2)
VM
where:
D = mass loss, %, and
E = moisture in analysis sample, %, as determined by Test Methods D3173/D3173M and D7582.
E = moisture in the analysis sample, %, as determined by Test Methods D3173/D3173M or D7582.
9.3 Sparking Coals Calculations:
9.3.1 If the procedure for sparking coals (8.3) is used and the determination of volatile matter is made on the test specimen as
weighed and dried (8.3.3 and 8.3.4), calculate the as-determined volatile matter using Eq 1 and Eq 2 in 9.1 and 9.2.
9.3.2 If the determination of volatile matter is made on a predried sample, such as that from the determination of moisture (Test
Method D3173/D3173M), and the dried coal is weighed in the crucible (8.3.3), calculate the as-determined volatile matter using
Eq 1 in 9.1. In this case, the percent as-determined volatile matter is the % mass loss.
9.4 The calculated volatile matter in the analysis sample is the as-determined volatile matter.
10. Report
10.1 Report the volatile matter in the analysis sample along with the sample moisture from 8.1.1.
10.2 Report the procedure employed for the determination of volatile matter. Report as the D3175 Procedure for Nonsparking
Fuels or the D3175 Procedure for Sparking Fuels.
10.3 The volatile matter result can be reported in any of a number of bases differing in the manner in which the moisture is
treated. Procedures for converting the test result obtained on an analysis sample to other bases are described in Practice D3180.
10.4 Use Classification D388 for reporting volatile matter on a dry mineral matter free basis.
11. Precision and Bias
11.1 The precision of this test method for the determination of Volatile Matter in Coal is shown in Table 1. Coal Repeatability
and Reproducibility limits for this test method were determined using only platinum crucibles. Coal Repeatability and
Reproducibility limits for nickel-chromium crucibles have not been determined.
11.1.1 Repeatability Limit (r)—The value below which the absolute difference between two test results of separate and
consecutive test determinations, carried out on the same sample, in the same laboratory, by the same operator, using the same
apparatus on samples taken at random from a single quantity of homogeneous material, can be expected to occur with a probability
of approximately 95 %.
11.1.2 Reproducibility Limit (R)—The value below which the absolute difference between two test results carried out in different
laboratories, using samples taken at random from a single quantity of material that is as homogeneous as possible, can be expected
to occur with a probability of approximately 95 %.
11.2 The precision of this test method for the determination of Volatile Matter in Coke is shown in Table 2. The precision
characterized by repeatability (S ,r) and reproducibility (S ,R) is described in Table A2.1 in Annex A2.
r R
11.2.1 The inter-laboratory proficiency test data employed to derive the r and R values for cokes include 48 samples covering
a period of 11 years. Some of the samples were distributed as many as three separate times. All crucible types were included for
the derivation of the precision statement for coke offered in this test method. There are a number of reasons for this. Of the 20
to 22 participants taking part in the proficiency testing program, only 10 to 12 reported volatile matter by Test Method D3175. The
remaining participants employed Test Methods D5142 or other standard test methods. Of the 10 to 12 employing Test Method
D3175, the majority (6 to 7) employed quartz crucibles. The number of labs employing platinum crucibles varied from 2 to 4. The
TABLE 1 Limits for Repeatability and Reproducibility of Volatile
Matter in Coal
Rank Repeatability Reproducibility
Limit, Limit,
r R
Anthracite 0.3 0.6
Semianthracite, bituminous, 0.5 1.0
Subbituminous 0.7 1.4
Lignite 1.0 2.0
D3175 − 20
TABLE 2 Concentration Range and Limits for Repeatability and
Reproducibility of Volatile Matter in Coke
Range Repeatability Reproducibility
Limit, Limit,
r R
A
Coke 0.49 to 2.50 % 0.20
0.2710.27 x¯
A
Where x¯ is the average of two single test results.
remaining employed nickel or nickel-chromium crucibles. Practice E691 recommends at least 8 laboratories take part in an ILS.
The reason for this is that the r and R estimates can exhibit a variance of as much as 25 % for 8 laboratories and that increases
to as much as 30 % for 6 laboratories. Thus, it was necessary to include all crucible types in the derivation of the precision
statement for coke. This has an additional effect of not having to include the same relative bias requirement in an Annex for
alternate crucibles as is required for coal.
11.3 Bias—Since this is an empirical test method when utilizing platinum crucibles to analyze coal, the degree of absolute bias
can not be determined. Bias between the use of platinum and nickel-chromium crucibles shall be determined in the laboratory on
coal being tested using the test method set forth in Annex A1.
11.3.1 No information can be presented on the bias of the procedure in this test method for determining the volatile matter in
the analysis sample of cokes because this is an empirical test method and no material having an accepted reference value is
available.
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. METHOD FOR DETERMINING RELATIVE BIAS BETWEEN PLATINUM AND NICKEL-CHROMIUM ALLOY CRU-
CIBLES
A1.1 Scope
A1.1.1 This method describes the procedure for determining the component of relative bias between platinum and alternate
nickel-chromium alloy crucibles.
A1.2 Apparatus
A1.2.1 All Apparatus and equipment shall conform to the apparatus and equipment specifications given in the “Apparatus” Section
of Test Method D3175 with the additional requirement that temperatures shall be measured with a Type K or N thermocouple with
a standard tolerance of 62.2 °C.
A1.3 Procedure
A1.3.1 Apply one of the two alternate methods given in the “Procedure” section of Test Method D3175 to a minimum of 20 pairs
of the materials being tested, one member of each pair consisting of a 1 g analysis sample in a platinum crucible, and the other
member of each pair consisting of a 1 g analysis sample of the same material in a nickel-chromium alloy crucible.
A1.3.2 The following additional limitations apply:
A1.3.2.1 The materials in the study group shall all be of the same groupings listed in Table 1:
1. Anthracite,
2. Semianthracite, Bituminous,
3. Subbituminous, and
4. Lignite.
A1.3.2.2 The range of volatile matter contents within the study group shall not exceed 10 % absolute. If the range of volatile
D3175 − 20
matter routinely analyzed and within the same Table 1 grouping exceeds 10 % absolute, analyze multiple groups to accommodate
the expected range of volatile matter. Apply the appropriate relative bias to samples within the same volatile matter range. The
relative bias shall be applicable only to analyses performed in the laboratory in which it is originally determined.
A1.3.2.3 All values determined in any experiment upon members of the study group shall be used in the statistical analysis (unless
there is undeniable evidence that the data to be rejected is technically invalid).
A1.3.2.4 All materials within the study group shall be analyzed the same number of times.
A1.3.2.5 Confirmatory analyses for each study group (re-determination of relative bias) shall be conducted at least once per year
to ascertain that normal wear of equipment (crucibles, thermocouples, furnace, etc.) does not result in changes to the conclusions
of the experiment. See Table A1.2 as an example.
A1.4 Assessment and Uses of Relative Bias Test Results
A1.4.1 Compute the differences between the matched pairs, subtracting the result obtained with the platinum crucible from the
result obtained with the nickel-chromium alloy crucible results. Calculate the mean and the standard deviation of the differences.
Multiply the standard deviation of the differences by the value of γ corresponding to the number of pairs (0.85 for 20 pairs) from
Table A1.1. This is the limit of bias at the 95 % confidence level that could accidentally pass undetected by reason of statistical
error. If this limit exceeds ⁄2 the repeatability limits in Table 1, do not use nickel-chromium alloy crucibles for volatile
determinations. If this limit is less than ⁄2 the repeatability limits in Table 1, nickel-chromium alloy crucibles can be used provided
the results obtained with nickel-chromium alloy crucibles are corrected by subtracting algebraically the test mean of the differences
from nickel-chromium crucible results. Subtracting a negative value algebraically corresponds to adding the absolute value.
A1.4.2 Once the relative bias testing is concluded and acceptable results obtained, if the corrected volatile value obtained on any
subsequent test specimen falls outside the range of values determined on the samples used in conducting the relative bias test (the
range of values being that determined with Pt crucibles), because the value is outside of the method validation range, discard the
results and perform the determination with a platinum crucible.
TABLE A1.1 Factors for Maximum Difference That Could Escape
A
Undetected 5 % of the Time
n γ
10 1.29
11 1.22
12 1.15
13 1.10
14 1.05
15 1.01
16 0.97
17 0.94
18 0.91
19 0.88
20 0.85
21 0.83
22 0.81
23 0.79
24 0.77
25 0.76
26 0.74
27 0.72
28 0.71
29 0.70
30 0.68
31 0.67
32 0.66
33 0.65
34 0.64
35 0.63
36 0.62
37 0.61
38 0.60
39 0.59
40 0.59
A
Multiply standard deviation of the Differences by γ for Number of Differences.
D3175 − 20
TABLE A1.2 Example of Data for a Relative Bias Experiment
Sample ID VM-NiCr VM-Pt NiCr-Pt
1 37.66 37.14 0.52
2 41.98 41.83 0.15
3 39.50 38.89 0.61
4 40.35 39.93 0.42
5 40.35 40.09 0.26
6 39.77 39.30 0.47
7 33.90 33.43 0.47
8 36.18 35.74 0.44
9 33.81 33.65 0.16
10 36.36 36.09 0.27
11 38.19 37.41 0.78
12 41.06 40.68 0.38
13 42.29 41.70 0.59
14 34.73 34.34 0.39
15 42.03 41.87 0.16
16 38.01 37.47 0.54
17 40.55 39.76 0.79
18 37.51 37.15 0.36
19 38.09 37.83 0.26
20 40.78 40.68 0.10
21 41.84 41.84 0.00
22 38.44 38.14 0.30
23 41.69 41.53 0.16
MEAN 0.37
SD 0.21
SD*0.79 0.16
MINIMUM 33.43
MAXIMUM 41.87
From Table A1.1, with n = 23, γ = 0.79 and from Table A1.2, the standard
deviation of the differences (SD) of the 23 sets is 0.21. The limit of bias is the
product of these two values, SD * γ = 0.21 % * 0.79 = 0.16 %. The limit of the
bias cannot exceed ⁄2 of the repeatability value given in Table A1.1 for the rank
of coal being considered. The example category is “Semianthracite, Bitumi-
nous” for which the repeatability limit, r, is 0.5 % (absolute) and, therefore, for
which ⁄2r = 0.25%. The determined limit of bias for the data set in Table A1.2 is
0.16 %, and this value is less than ⁄2r = (0.25 %). This set of data passes the
relative bias experiment and nickel-chromium crucibles may be used in testing
these types of materials (with volatile matter values in the range from 33.43 %
through 41.87 %).
A1.4.3 For client and audit purposes, maintain records of all relative bias studies and volatile matter tests in such a manner that
it can be ascertained how the values were corrected.
A2. PRECISION STATISTICS FOR COKE SAMPLES
A2.1 The precision of this test method, characterized by repeatability (S ,r) and reproducibility (S ,R) has been determined for the
r R
following cokes as listed in Table A2.1.
Information for coke was calculated per Practice E691 using 48 sets of data for 24 coke samples from a commercially available inter-laboratory proficiency test program.
The cokes used in this study included furnace coke, foundry coke, and coke breeze. Details and supporting information are given in Research Report RR:D05-1039.
D3175 − 20
TABLE A2.1 Repeatability (S ,r) and Reproducibility (S ,R)
r R
Parameters used for Calculation of Precision Statement for Coke
Material Average S S r R
r R
CK980108 - Furnace 0.95 0.07 0.21 0.20 0.58
CK980312 - Furnace 0.81 0.05 0.22 0.15 0.63
CK980716 - Foundry 0.69 0.08 0.19 0.21 0.52
CKReference2 - Furnace 0.49 0.06 0.15 0.17 0.44
CKNIST01 - Foundry 1.36 0.06 0.27 0.17 0.76
CKNIST02 - Furnace 1.02 0.03 0.15 0.10 0.43
CK0303 - Foundry 1.25 0.07 0.29 0.19 0.81
CK9903 - Foundry 0.97 0.06 0.14 0.17 0.40
CK9904 - Furnace 1.25 0.08 0.30 0.23 0.85
CK0001 - Furnace 1.26 0.07 0.19 0.20 0.53
CK0401 - Furnace 1.30 0.07 0.16 0.20 0.46
CK0002 - Breeze 3.02 0.06 0.22 0.17 0.61
CK0302 - Breeze 3.13 0.05 0.25 0.13 0.72
CK0003 - Foundry 0.69 0.03 0.17 0.09 0.48
CK0101 - Furnace 0.74 0.06 0.16 0.18 0.46
CK0504 - Furnace 0.84 0.04 0.27 0.10 0.76
CK0701 - Furnace 0.80 0.05 0.12 0.14 0.34
CK0102 - Furnace 0.93 0.06 0.15 0.16 0.41
CK0301 - Furnace 0.96 0.09 0.19 0.26 0.53
CK0404 - Furnace 1.01 0.08 0.14 0.22 0.40
CK0103 - Furnace 1.72 0.06 0.56 0.17 1.57
CK0304 - Furnace 1.67 0.08 0.19 0.24 0.53
CK0601 - Furnace 1.75 0.06 0.23 0.17 0.66
CK0903 - Furnace 1.70 0.04 0.14 0.12 0.39
CK0104
...