ASTM A991/A991M-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel Products
Standard Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Furnaces for heat treatment of steel products are used in many industries, in many ways. Regardless of heat treat furnace type, or processing cycle, it may be necessary for users to know the temperature uniformity in the furnace and whether the material is processed in a zone within the furnace that is capable of meeting the applicable permissible temperature variation requirements.
4.2 The procedures in this test method may be used by those using, manufacturing, and providing calibration service for, heat treat furnaces used to process steel products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedures used to conduct a temperature uniformity survey on a furnace used to heat treat steel products. This method is used to determine the capability of the furnace to meet the permissible temperature variation specified in the applicable product specification, or as agreed to by the purchaser and supplier of heat treat services. Survey documentation requirements, and the procedure used to subsequently establish the furnace working zone, are defined in this test method.
1.2 This test method covers heat treat furnaces in any of the following categories:
1.2.1 Continuous or semi-continuous conveyance furnaces,
1.2.2 Batch furnaces, and
1.2.3 Salt or liquid baths and fluidized beds.
1.3 This test method only applies when specified in the product specification or the purchase order.
1.4 Controlling a heat treatment of steel products using thermocouples attached to the extremities of each load is an alternative to performing a furnace survey. The producer shall adhere to Annex A1.
1.5 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier of heat treat services, more stringent and/or additional requirements may be specified. The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be included in the order as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A991/A991M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces
1
Used to Heat Treat Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA991/A991M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the procedures used to conduct
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a temperature uniformity survey on a furnace used to heat treat
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
steel products. This method is used to determine the capability
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of the furnace to meet the permissible temperature variation
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
specified in the applicable product specification, or as agreed to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
by the purchaser and supplier of heat treat services. Survey
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
documentation requirements, and the procedure used to subse-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
quently establish the furnace working zone, are defined in this
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
test method.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 This test method covers heat treat furnaces in any of the
following categories: 2. Referenced Documents
1.2.1 Continuous or semi-continuous conveyance furnaces, 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.2 Batch furnaces, and
E207 Test Method for Thermal EMF Test of Single Thermo-
1.2.3 Salt or liquid baths and fluidized beds.
element Materials by Comparison With Reference Ther-
1.3 This test method only applies when specified in the moelement of Similar EMF-Temperature Properties
product specification or the purchase order. E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
Comparison Techniques
1.4 Controlling a heat treatment of steel products using
E230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force
thermocouples attached to the extremities of each load is an
(emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
alternative to performing a furnace survey. The producer shall
E608/E608M Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-
adhere to Annex A1.
Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples
3
1.5 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the
2.2 SAE Standard:
supplier of heat treat services, more stringent and/or additional
AMS 2750 Pyrometry
requirements may be specified. The acceptance of any such
additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations
3. Terminology
with the supplier and must be included in the order as agreed
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
upon by the purchaser and supplier.
3.1.1 batch furnace, n—heating device in which material
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units may be stationary or oscillating during the processing cycle.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.2 continuous conveyance furnace, n—heating device
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
through which material is moved intentionally at a constant
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
rate during the processing cycle.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.3 extremities, n—as referring to furnace working zone;
with the standard.
outer boundaries in all three dimensions (length, width, and
height) of the material being processed.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
2
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Products and Processes. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 15, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as A991/A991M – 17. Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
DOI: 10.1520/A0991_A0991M-22. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this stan
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A991/A991M − 17 A991/A991M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces
1
Used to Heat Treat Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A991/A991M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the procedures used to conduct a temperature uniformity survey on a furnace used to heat treat steel
products. This method is used to determine the capability of the furnace to meet the permissible temperature variation specified
in the applicable product specification, or as agreed to by the purchaser and supplier of heat treat services. Survey documentation
requirements, and the procedure used to subsequently establish the furnace working zone, are defined in this test method.
1.2 This test method covers heat treat furnaces in any of the following categories:
1.2.1 Continuous or semi-continuous conveyance furnaces,
1.2.2 Batch furnaces, and
1.2.3 Salt or liquid baths and fluidized beds.
1.3 This test method only applies when specified in the product specification or the purchase order.
1.4 Controlling a heat treatment of steel products using thermocouples attached to the extremities of each load is an alternative
to performing a furnace survey. The producer shall adhere to Annex A1.
1.5 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier of heat treat services, more stringent and/or additional
requirements may be specified. The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the
supplier and must be included in the order as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.13
on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
Current edition approved April 15, 2017April 15, 2022. Published April 2017May 2022. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20152017 as
A991/A991M – 10 (2015).A991/A991M – 17. DOI: 10.1520/A0991_A0991M-17.10.1520/A0991_A0991M-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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A991/A991M − 22
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E207 Test Method for Thermal EMF Test of Single Thermoelement Materials by Comparison With Reference Thermoelement
of Similar EMF-Temperature Properties
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
E608/E608M Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples
3
2.2 SAE Standard:
AMS 2750 Pyrometry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 batch furnace, n—heating device in which material may be stationary or oscillating during the processing cycle.
3.1.2 continuous conveyance furnace, n—heating device through which material is moved intentionally at a constant rate during
the processing cycle.
3.1.3 extremities, n—as referring to furnace working zone; outer boundaries in all three dimensions (length, width, and height) of
the mat
...
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