ASTM B353-12(2022)e1

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:B353 −12 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Specification for
Wrought Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Seamless and
Welded Tubes for Nuclear Service (Except Nuclear Fuel
Cladding)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B353; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes made to Table 5 in April 2022.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers seamless and welded wrought
B350/B350MSpecification for Zirconium and Zirconium
zirconium and zirconium-alloy tubes for nuclear application.
Alloy Ingots for Nuclear Application
Nuclear fuel cladding is covered in Specification B811.
B811Specification for Wrought Zirconium Alloy Seamless
1.2 Five grades of reactor grade zirconium and zirconium
Tubes for Nuclear Reactor Fuel Cladding
alloys suitable for nuclear application are described.
E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
1.2.1 The present UNS numbers designated for the five
[Metric] E0008_E0008M
grades are given in Table 1.
E21TestMethodsforElevatedTemperatureTensionTestsof
Metallic Materials
1.3 Unlessasingleunitisused,forexamplecorrosionmass
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
gain in mg/dm , the values stated in either inch-pound or SI
Determine Conformance with Specifications
units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each
G2/G2MTest Method for Corrosion Testing of Products of
system must be used independently of the other. SI values
Zirconium, Hafnium, and Their Alloys in Water at 680°F
cannot be mixed with inch-pound values.
(360°C) or in Steam at 750°F (400°C)
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
3. Terminology
test method portions of this specification. This standard does
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
3.1.1 dimensions, n—tube dimensions are outside diameter,
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-
inside diameter, and wall thickness. Only two of these param-
mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
eters may be specified in addition to length, except minimum
limitations prior to use.
wallmaybespecifiedwithoutsideandinsidediameter.Ineach
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
case, ovality and wall thickness variation (WTV) may be
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specified as additional requirements (see 3.1.5 and 3.1.6).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 hydride orientation fraction, Fn, n—the ratio of hy-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
dride platelets oriented in the radial direction to the total
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
hydride platelets in the field examined.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.3 Lot Definitions:
3.1.3.1 tubes, n—alotshallconsistofamaterialofthesame
size,shape,condition,andfinishproducedfromthesameingot
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on
Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloysand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as B353–12 (2017). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/B0353-12R22E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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B353−12 (2022)
TABLE 1 ASTM and UNS Number Designations for Reactor Grade
4. Ordering Information
Zirconium and Zirconium Alloys
4.1 Purchase orders for material covered in this specifica-
Grade UNS Number
tion should include the following information to describe
Reactor-grade zirconium R60001
adequately the desired material:
Zirconium-tin alloy R60802
Zirconium-tin alloy R60804
4.1.1 Quantity,
Zirconium-niobium alloy R60901
4.1.2 Grade (see Table 1), and UNS Number,
Zirconium-niobium alloy R60904
4.1.3 Condition (recrystallized or stress relieved) (Section
6),
4.1.4 Dimensions, length, and tolerance (see Table 2 with
Notes),
or powder blend by the same reduction schedule and the same
4.1.5 Methodofmanufacture(seamlessorwelded)(Section
heat treatment parameters. Unless otherwise agreed between
5),
manufacturer and purchaser, a lot shall be limited to the
4.1.6 ASTM designation and year of issue,
product of an 8 h period for final continuous anneal, or to a
4.1.7 Surface finish on the inside (ID) and the outside (OD)
single furnace load for final batch anneal.
surfaces (Ra (in micro-inches or micrometres), unless other-
3.1.4 mill finish tubes, n—tubes that have received all
wise stated) (6.3),
finishing operations subsequent to final anneal, which poten-
4.1.8 Surface condition on the inside (ID) and outside (OD)
tially affects tube mechanical, dimensional, or surface condi-
surfaces (as pickled, abraded, etc.), and ends (as-saw cut,
tion. These operations include, but are not limited to, pickling,
machined/chamfered, sheared, etc.) (6.2), and
cleaning, outer and inner surface abrasive conditioning, and
4.1.9 Mutually agreed-upon inspection standards in accor-
straightening.
dance with 9.2, 10.2, 10.4, 10.5, 11.1.1.2, 11.1.2.2, and
3.1.5 ovality, n—the difference between the maximum and
11.1.2.3.
minimum diameter, either outer or inner, as determined at any
one transverse cross section of the tube. NOTE 1—Atypical order description may read as follows: 1000 pieces
of seamless zirconium-tin alloy tube OD abraded and ID pickled, Grade
3.1.6 wall thickness variation (WTV), n—the difference
R60804, recrystallized, ⁄4 in. outside diameter by 0.035 in. wall by 10-ft
between maximum and minimum wall thickness measured at
lengthsinaccordancewithASTMB353-07.Surfacefinishtobe__OD,__
any one transverse cross section of the tube. ID.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Measurement of ovality and WTV
4.2 In addition to the information in 4.1, the following
made by a helical scan with a pitch not exceeding 0.25 in. (6.5
points of agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser
mm) shall be considered as equivalent to “at any one cross
should be specified in the purchase order as required:
section of the tube.”
4.2.1 Filler metal requirements for welded tubes (Paragraph
3.1.7 recrystallized, n—fully annealed condition.
5.4),
3.1.8 stress relieved, n—annealed to remove residual 4.2.2 Oxygen concentration limits in R60001, R60802,
stresses without recrystallization. R60804, and R60904 (Section 7),
TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Diameter, Wall Thickness, and Ovality Measured at Any Location
NOTE1—Thetolerancesinthistableareapplicabletoonlytwoofthethreefollowingdimensions:outsidediameter,insidediameter,andwallthickness.
NOTE 2—The manufacturer should be consulted for applicable tolerances in small tubes (less than 0.187 in. (5 mm) in diameter) or tubes with wall
thickness less than 0.010 in. (0.25 mm).
NOTE 3—A wider variation of ±12.5% of wall thickness is permitted for extra-thick walled tubes having wall thicknesses of 0.75 in. (19 mm) (or
greater) or inside diameter 60% (or less) of the outside diameter.
NOTE 4—Ovality is the difference between maximum and minimum outside diameters measured at any one cross section.
NOTE5—Intubeswithnominalwallthicknesslessthan3%ofnominaloutsidediameter,theovalitytoleranceistwicethetoleranceshownforoutside
or inside diameter (columns 3 and 4), but the average outside or inside diameter must fall within the tolerance given in columns 3 and 4 of the table.
NOTE 6—The manufacturer should be consulted for ovality tolerances in tubes with wall thickness less than 2% of nominal outside diameter.
Variation in Diameter Outside or Ovality See Note 5 Variation in
Nominal Outside Diameter
Inside Wall Thickness
in. mm in. mm in. mm %
0.187–0.625, excl 5–16, excl ±0.002 ±0.05 0.004 0.10 ±10
0.625–1.000, excl 16–25, excl ±0.0025 ±0.06 0.005 0.12 ±10
1.000–2.000, excl 25–50, excl ±0.004 ±0.10 0.008 0.20 ±10
2.000–3.000, excl 50–75, excl ±0.005 ±0.13 0.010 0.26 ±10
3.000–4.000, excl 75–100, excl ±0.007 ±0.18 0.014 0.36 ±10
4.000–5.000, excl 100–125, excl ±0.010 ±0.25 0.020 0.50 ±10
5.000–6.000, excl 125–150, excl ±0.015 ±0.40 0.030 0.80 ±10
6.000–8.000, excl 150–200, excl ±0.020 ±0.50 0.040 1.00 ±10
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B353−12 (2022)
4.2.3 Specimen temperature(s) during mechanical testing 5.2 The tubes shall be made by a process approved by the
(Section 8 and Table 3, Footnote C), purchaser.
4.2.4 Method of determining yield strength if other than
5.3 Seamless tubes may be made by any method that will
0.2% offset method (Section 8),
yield a seamless product that meets the requirements of this
4.2.5 Tensile property requirements for conditions or tem-
specification. One such method is extrusion of billets with
peratures not listed in Table 3 (Section 8),
subsequent cold working, by drawing, swaging, or rocking,
4.2.6 Location of the inside diameter plugs in elevated
with intermediate anneals until the final dimensions are
temperature short-time tension test, (see Table 3, Footnote D,
reached.
and Paragraph 8.1.3),
5.4 Unlessotherwiseagreeduponbetweenthemanufacturer
4.2.7 Burst properties (Paragraph 8.2),
and purchaser, welded tubing shall be made from flat-rolled
4.2.8 Post burst test measurement technique (Annex A1),
products by an automatic or semiautomatic welding process
4.2.9 Sample condition and visual standards for corrosion
with no addition of filler metal in the welding operation. Other
test (Section 10),
methodsofwelding,suchastheadditionoffillermetalorhand
4.2.10 Hydride orientation test procedure, measurement
welding, may be employed if approved by the purchaser and
technique, magnification of photomicrograph, and limiting
tested by methods agreed upon between the manufacturer and
values for Fn (Section 12 and Annex A2),
the purchaser. If filler wire is used, it must meet the chemical
4.2.11 For hydride orientation, angle theta (θ) for determin-
requirements of the appropriate grade as shown in Table 4.
ing radial platelets (Section 12 and Annex A2).
Welded tube is normally cold reduced to the desired dimen-
4.2.12 General test requirements and test plan for samples
sions by such methods as drawing, swaging, or rocking. The
(Section 14),
manufacturer must prevent contamination during welding by
4.2.13 Hydrostatic test requirements (Section 13),
use of proper precautions.
4.2.14 Contractilestrainratioacceptancecriteria(Paragraph
8.3 and Annex A4),
6. Condition and Finish
4.2.15 Retest sampling plan and requirements (Section 15),
6.1 Metallurgical Condition:
4.2.16 Quantity variance (Section 17),
6.1.1 Grade R60001 product shall be in the recrystallized
4.2.17 Certificate of test (Section 19), and
condition unless otherwise specified in the purchase order.
4.2.18 Special packing instructions (Section 20).
6.1.2 Grades R60802, R60804, R60901, and R60904 prod-
5. Materials and Manufacture uct can be furnished in the recrystallized condition or cold-
worked and stress-relieved condition, as specified in the
5.1 Material covered by this specification shall be made
purchase order.
fromingotsproducedbymultiplevacuumarcmelting,electron
beam melting or other melting processes conventionally used 6.2 Tubes shall be furnished with one of the following
for reactive metals; all melting is to be carried out in furnaces finishes as designated in the purchase order:
usually used for reactive metals. 6.2.1 As cold reduced,
A,B,C,D,E,F
TABLE 3 Minimum Tensile Properties of Tubing Tested in the Longitudinal Direction
C,F
Test Temperature Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength Minimum 0.2 % Yield Strength
Minimum
Material Condition
Elongation, %
°F (°C) psi (MPa) psi (MPa)
R60001 RT RT 42 000 (290) 20 000 (140) 25
BB B B B
Recrystallized 572 (300)
R60802, R60804 RT RT 60 000 (415) 35 000 (240) 20
BB B B B
Recrystallized 572 (300)
BB B B B
R60802, R60804 RT (RT)
BB B B B
Cold-worked and Stress-relieved 572 (300)
R60901, R60904 RT (RT) 65 000 (450) 45 000 (310) 20
BB B B B
Recrystallized 572 (300)
R60901, R60904 RT (RT) 103 000 (710) 70 000 (485) 12
Cold-worked and Stress-relieved 572 (300) 69 500 (480) 48 000 (330) 12
A
The strength of zirconium alloys is a function of their metallurgical condition, alloy content, and impurity level, especially oxygen. The strength values listed above are
for alloys that contain oxygen concentrations in the range 900 to 1400 ppm. For alloys with other oxygen concentrations, the tensile properties are to be agreed upon
between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
B
To be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
C
The tensile test is to be carried out at one or more of the temperatures listed in Table 3 (or at another temperature) as agreed upon between the manufacturer and
purchaser. If one of the above temperatures is selected, the minimum properties shall be as listed for that temperature. If a different temperature is selected, the minimum
properties shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
D
Paragraph 6.9.1 in Test Methods E8 allows small diameter tubes to be tested as full size tubular sections with snug-fitting metal plugs inserted into the ends of the tube
to permit proper gripping by the test machine jaws, as shown in Fig. 11 in Test Methods E8. Specimens for the testing of large diameter tubes are cut from the wall of the
tube and are to satisfy the requirements of Figs. 12 and 13 in Test Methods E8.
E
The properties in this table apply to tubes 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) outside diameter and larger, and 0.015 in. (0.38 mm) wall and thicker. Mechanical properties of tubes outside
these limits are to be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
F
“RT” represents room temperature; Note 4 in Test Methods E8 and E8M indicates that RT shall be considered to be 50 to 100 °F (10 to 38 °C) unless otherwise specified.
Paragraph 9.4.4 in Test Methods E21 states that for the duration of the test, the difference between the indicated temperature and the nominal test temperature is not to
exceed ±5 °F (3 °C) for tests at 1800 °F (1000 °C) and lower, and ±10 °F (6 °C) for tests at higher temperatures.
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B353−12 (2022)
TABLE 4 Chemical Requirements
Composition, Weight %
Element
UNS R60001 UNS R60802 UNS R60804 UNS R60901 UNS R60904
Tin . 1.20–1.70 1.20–1.70 . .
Iron . 0.07–0.20 0.18–0.24 . .
Chromium . 0.05–0.15 0.07–0.13 . .
Nickel . 0.03–0.08 . . .
Niobium (columbium) . . . 2.40–2.80 2.50–2.80
AA A A
Oxygen 0.09–0.15
Iron + chromium + nickel . 0.18–0.38 . . .
Iron + chromium . . 0.28–0.37 . .
Maximum Impurities, Weight %
Aluminum 0.0075 0.0075 0.0075 0.0075 0.0075
Boron 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005
Cadmium 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005
Calcium . 0.0030 0.0030 . .
Carbon 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.027
Chromium 0.020 . . 0.020 0.020
Cobalt 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020
Copper 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050
Hafnium 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
Hydrogen 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0010
Iron 0.150 . . 0.150 0.150
Magnesium 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020
Manganese 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050
Molybdenum 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050
Nickel 0.0070 . 0.0070 0.0070 0.0070
Niobium . 0.0100 0.0100 . .
Nitrogen 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080
Phosphorus . . . 0.0020 0.0020
Silicon 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.012
Tin 0.0050 . . 0.010 0.010
Tungsten 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
Titanium 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050
Uranium (total) 0.00035 0.00035 0.00035 0.00035 0.00035
A
When so specified in the purchase order, oxygen shall be determined and reported. Maximum, minimum, or both, permissible values should be specified in the purchase
order.
TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Product Analysis
7.2 Analysis shall be made using standard methods. In the
Permissible Variation from event of disagreement as to the chemical composition of the
Alloying Elements the Specification Range
metal, methods of chemical analysis for referee purposes shall
(Table 4), wt %
be determined by a mutually acceptable laboratory.
Tin 0.050
Iron 0.020
7.3 The ingot analysis made in accordance with Specifica-
Chromium 0.010
tionB350/B350Mshallbeconsideredthechemicalanalysisfor
Nickel 0.010
material produced to this specification except for oxygen,
Iron plus chromium 0.020
Iron plus chromium plus nickel 0.020
hydrogen, and nitrogen content which shall be determined on
Niobium 0.050
the finished product. Alternatively, the material may be
Oxygen 0.020
sampled at an intermediate or final size during processing with
Impurity Elements
†
Each impurity element 20 ppm or 20 % of the specified limit,
the same frequency and in the same positions relative to the
†
whichever is smaller
ingot as specified in Specification B350/B350M to determine
† Editorial changes made.
the composition, except for hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen,
which shall be determined on the final product.
6.2.2 Pickled,
7.4 Product Analysis—Product analysis is an analysis made
6.2.3 Ground, or
for the purpose of verifying the composition of the lot. The
6.2.4 Polished.
product analysis tolerances reflect the variation between labo-
6.2.5 Ends (saw cut, machined/chamfered, sheared).
ratories in the measurement of chemical composition. The
6.3 The surface finish of the inside and outside surfaces of permissible variation in the product analysis from the specifi-
cation range is as listed in Table 5.
the tubes shall be as specified in the purchase order.
7.4.1 NumberofTests—Twosamplesforeach4000lb(1800
7. Chemical Composition
kg) or fraction thereof of the product shall be analyzed for
7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements for hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. The location of the samples
chemical composition prescribed in Table 4. The purchaser may be random, or as agreed between the manufacturer and
shall specify the grade desired. purchaser.
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B353−12 (2022)
8. Mechanical Properties 8.3.3 Number of Tests—For each lot, two samples for each
4000 lb (1800 kg) or fraction thereof shall be tested for CSR
8.1 Tensile Properties:
properties. The location of the samples may be random or as
8.1.1 The tensile properties of the material shall be deter-
agreed between the manufacturer and purchaser.
mined at one or more of the following temperatures as agreed
upon between the manufacturer and purchaser: at room
9. Grain Size
temperature, at 572°F (300°C), at another agreed-upon
9.1 The average grain size of recrystallized tubes shall be
temperature, or at a combination thereof.
equal to ASTM micrograin Size No. 7 or finer when deter-
8.1.2 For tensile tests carried out at room temperature, the
minedinaccordancewithTestMethodsE112.Thetestshallbe
properties shall conform to the limits listed in Table 3. For
performed on a longitudinal section.
tensile tests carried out at other temperatures, the properties
shall conform to the values listed in Table 3 for that
9.2 When specified, the grain size in the welded and heat
temperature, or, for conditions not listed in Table 3, the
affected zones of welded tubes shall be examined in sections
properties shall conform to those agreed upon between the
that are transverse to the weld.The grain sizes in the weld and
manufacturer and purchaser.
heat affected zones shall be smaller than those found in the
8.1.3 Thetensiontestshallbeconductedinaccordancewith
corresponding regions of a standard that is acceptable to the
TestMethodsE8orE21.Yieldstrengthshallbedeterminedby
manufacturer and purchaser.
the 0.2% offset method. The tensile properties shall be
9.3 Number of Samples—Foreachlot,thegrainsizeshallbe
determined using a strain rate of 0.003 to 0.007 in./in. · min
determined for two samples for each 4000 lb (1800 kg) or
(mm/mm · min) through the yield strength. After the yield
fractionthereof.Thelocationofthesamplesmayberandomor
strength has been exceeded, the cross head speed may be
as agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
increasedtoapproximately0.05in./in.·min(mm/mm·min)to
failure.When an elevated temperature tension test is specified,
10. Corrosion Properties
the positioning of inside diameter plugs shall be mutually
10.1 When specified, a corrosion test in steam at 750°F
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
(400°C) and 1500 psi (10.3 MPa) may be performed on
8.1.4 Number of Tests—For each lot, two samples for each
Grades R60802, R60804, R60901, and R60904. If specified,
4000 lb (1800 kg) or fraction thereof shall be tested for tensile
the test may be performed in water at 680°F (360°C). The
properties. The location of the samples may be random or as
tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods
agreed between the manufacturer and purchaser.
G2/G2M.
8.2 Burst Properties:
10.2 Whenspecifiedinthepurchaseorder,thesamplesmay
8.2.1 Burst testing, when specified, shall be performed at
be tested in a mill finished condition. In this case, visual
roomtemperatureonfinishedtubing.Theburstpropertiesshall
acceptance standards shall be agreed upon between the manu-
conform to the values agreed upon between the manufacturer
facturer and the purchaser and the mass gain limits of 10.5.1,
and purchaser.
10.5.2,or 10.6 shall apply.
NOTE 2—In setting values for burst properties, cognizance should be
10.3 Number of Samples—For each lot, the specified corro-
taken of the variability of this test. Standard deviations of 4.4% were
sion test shall be carried out on two samples for each 4000 lb
encountered in the ASTM round robin in tubing with diameter approxi-
mately 0.4 in. (10 mm) used to confirm the recommended procedure. (1800 kg) or fraction thereof.The location of the samples may
be random, or as agreed between the manufacturer and
8.2.2 The room temperature burst test shall be conducted in
purchaser.
accordance with Annex A1.
10.4 Post-test Examination—After the test, all specimens
8.2.3 Number of Tests—For each lot, two samples for each
shall be examined for color, lustre, surface irregularities, and
4000 lb (1800 kg) or fraction thereof shall be tested for tensile
corrosion products, and compared against visual standards
properties. The location of the samples may be random or as
previously agreed upon between the purchaser and the manu-
agreed between the manufacturer and purchaser.
facturer. The mass gain shall be determined using the method
8.3 Contractile Strain Ratio (CSR):
prescribed in Test Methods G2/G2M.
8.3.1 When so specified by the purchaser, the contractile
10.5 Acceptance Criteria for Steam Test:
strainratio(CSR)shallbedeterminedatroomtemperatureand
10.5.1 Grades UNS R60802 and UNS R60804—The speci-
shall conform to limits that are to be mutually agreed upon
mens shall have a continuous black oxide film and be free of
between the manufacturer and purchaser.
white and brown corrosion product in excess of the standards.
NOTE3—Contractilestrainratiotestingwasthesubjectofa1993round
The specimens shall exhibit a mass gain of not more than 22
robin conducted by ASTM Subcommittee B10.02 using specimens with
2 2
mg/dm in a 72-h test or 38 mg/dm in a 336-h test.
diameter approximately 0.4 in. (10 mm). The variability was relatively
10.5.2 Grades UNS R60901 and UNS R60904—The speci-
large and should be considered in setting specific limits. The following
two-sigma limits were determined as an estimate of the test precision: mens shall have a continuous uniform dark gray oxide film,
60.16forsampleswithaCSRof1.68,and 60.22forsampleswithaCSR
and shall exhibit a mass gain of not more than 35 mg/dm in a
of 2.53. 2
72-h test, or 60 mg/dm in a 336-h test.
8.3.2 Contractile strain ratio testing shall be conducted in 10.5.3 If the mass gain of a specimen from any lot exceeds
accordance with Annex A4. the 72-h test limits, the manufacturer has two options: (1)
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B353−12 (2022)
Continue the corrosion test on the lot that failed the test to a (3.0m)shallnotexceed1partin1200.Forlengthsgreaterthan
total of 336 h with the same specimens at the same prescribed 10 ft, the maximum bow shall not exceed 1 part in 800.
temperatureandpressure,or(2)Resamplethelotthatfailedfor 11.1.4 Dimensional Inspection:
twice the original number of specimens and conduct a 336-h 11.1.4.1 Test Method—Each tube shall be inspected over its
corrosion test. In either case, if the specimens from the lot entire length by using a method agreed upon between the
being retested pass the 336-h test requirements (mass gain and manufacturer and purchaser.
visual), the lot shall be acceptable. 11.1.4.2 Acceptance Criteria—The tubes shall meet the
dimensional requirements of Table 2.
10.6 Acceptance Criteria for Water Test—The acceptance
11.1.5 Length—When tubing is ordered cut to length, the
criteria for the water corrosion test shall be agreed upon
usable length shall be not less than that specified; but a
between the manufacturer and purchaser.
variationof0.125in.(3.0mm)willbepermittedforlengthsup
to 6 ft (2.0 m). In lengths over 6 ft (2.0 m), a variation of 0.25
11. Inspection
in. (6 mm) will be permissible.
11.1 The manufacturer shall inspect the entire length of the
11.1.6 Purchaser Inspection:
mill finished tubes covered by this specification, prior to
11.1.6.1 The manufacturer shall inspect tubes covered by
shipment, for dimensions, outer and inner surfaces,
this specification prior to shipment and, on request, shall
straightness, and surface and internal flaws as follows:
furnish the purchaser with certificates of test. When specified
11.1.1 Surface and Internal Flaw Inspection: on the purchase order, the purchaser or his representative may
witness the testing and inspection of the tubes at the place of
11.1.1.1 Ultrasonic Inspection Test Methods—Each tube
manufacture. In such cases, the purchaser shall state in his
shall be inspected by the ultrasonic test method in accordance
purchase order which tests he desires to witness. The manu-
with Annex A3.
facturer shall give ample notice to the purchaser as to the time
11.1.1.2 Ultrasonic Reference Standard—The test equip-
and place of the designated tests. If the purchaser’s represen-
ment shall be calibrated with an artificially defected standard
tative is not present at the time agreed upon for the testing and
tube of the same nominal material, diameter, wall thickness,
if no new date is agreed upon, the manufacturer shall consider
surface finish, fabrication process, and final thermal treatment
the requirement for purchaser’s inspection at place of manu-
as the lot being tested.The standard shall contain not less than
facture to be waived.
fourdefectsorientedasfollows:(1)outertubesurface,parallel
11.1.6.2 When the inspector representing the purchaser
to tube axis; (2) outer tube surface, transverse to tube axis; (3)
appearsattheappointedtimeandplace,themanufacturershall
inner tube surface, parallel to tube axis; and (4) inner tube
afford him all reasonable facilities to see that the material is
surface, transverse to tube axis. The defects shall be notches
being furnished in accordance with this specification. This
with a depth to be agreed upon between the manufacturer and
inspection shall be so conducted as not to interfere unneces-
purchaser. The minimum dimensions of the artificial defect
sarily with production operations.
shall be 0.0015 in. (0.038 mm) deep and 0.065 in. (1.65 mm)
long.
12. Hydride Orientation
11.1.1.3 Rejection—Any tube showing an ultrasonic indica-
tion equal to or greater than the standard in 11.1.1.2 shall be
12.1 Hydride orientation, Fn, when specified, shall be
rejected.
determined on finished tubing and shall conform to the values
11.1.2 Outer and Inner Surfaces, Visual Inspection: agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
11.1.2.1 Test Method—Each tube shall be inspected over its
12.2 Number of Samples—For each lot, the hydride orien-
entire length. The outside surface shall be inspected under a
tation shall be determined for two samples for each 4000 lb
minimumlightintensityof100fc(1100lux).Theinnersurface
(1800 kg) or fraction thereof.The location of the samples may
shall be inspected from each end against a suitable light
be random or as agreed between the manufacturer and pur-
background.
chaser.
11.1.2.2 Acceptance Criteria—The tubes shall not contain
12.3 The hydride orientation shall be determined in accor-
oxides, cracks, seams, slivers, blisters, pits, laps, foreign
dance with Annex A2.
particles, or scratches exceeding the mutually agreed-upon
inspection standard.
13. Hydrostatic Test
11.1.2.3 The finished tubes shall be visibly free of all
13.1 When so specified in the purchase order, each tube
grease, oil, residual lubricants, and other extraneous materials,
shall withstand, without showing bulges, leaks, or other
as determined by mutually agreed-upon standards.
defects,aninternalhydrostaticpressurethatwillproduceinthe
11.1.3 Straightness:
tube wall a stress of 50% of the minimum specified yield
11.1.3.1 Test Method—Each tube shall be inspected for
strengthatroomtemperature.Thepressureshallbedetermined
straightness by rolling on a surface plate and observing for the
by the equation:
maximum deflection (bow) in the vertical plane between two
points of contact, or by another method acceptable to the P 52St/D (1)
purchaser.
where:
11.1.3.2 Acceptance Criteria—The tubes shall be free of
P = minimum hydrostatic test pressure (psi or MPa),
bends or kinks, and the maximum bow of lengths up to 10 ft
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B353−12 (2022)
Rounded Units for Observed
S = allowable fiber stress of one half of the minimum yield
Test
or Calculated Value
strength (psi or MPa),
t = wall thickness (in. or mm), and
Chemical composition, tolerance nearest unit in the last right hand place
D = outside diameter (in. or mm). (when expressed in decimals) of figures of the specified limit
Tensile strength and yield strength nearest 1000 psi (10 MPa)
13.2 The maximum hydrostatic test pressure shall not ex- Elongation nearest 1 %
ceed 2500 psi (17.0 MPa) for size 3 in. (75 mm) and under, or
17. Quantity Variance
4000 psi (28 MPa) for sizes over 3 in. (75 mm). Hydrostatic
17.1 Themanufacturermayovershipanorderbyupto10%
pressure shall be maintained for not less than 15 s.
when the order calls for 1000 lb (450 kg) or less. For larger
quantities, the permissible overshipment shall be agreed upon
14. Number of Tests
between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
14.1 Sampling—Samples shall be taken for each of the tests
18. Rejection
specifiedin14.2.Theminimumsamplingfrequencyshallbein
18.1 Rejection for failure of the material to meet this
accordance with the number of samples given in the appropri-
specification shall be reported to the manufacturer within 60
ate paragraphs.
calendar days from the receipt of the material by the purchaser
14.2 Each sample chosen in accordance with 14.1 shall be
unless otherwise agreed upon. Rejected material may be
testedasfollows:(1)productchemistry(Section7),(2)tension
returned to the manufacturer at the manufacturer’s expense,
test, at a temperature and using specimens as mutually agreed
unless the purchaser receives, within three weeks of the notice
upon (8.1), (3) burst test when specified (8.2), (4), contractile
of rejection, other instructions for disposition.
strain ratio when specified (8.3), (5) grain size (Section 9), (6)
19. Certification
corrosion test when specified (Section 10), and (7) hydride
19.1 The manufacturer shall furnish the purchaser with a
orientation when specified and as mutually agreed upon
certificatethatthematerialwasmanufactured,sampled,tested,
(Section 12).
and inspected in accordance with this specification and order,
and has been found to meet the requirements. The certificate
15. Retest
shall be supplied at the time of shipment unless otherwise
15.1 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious surface
agreed upon, and shall include a report of the test results.
contamination or improper preparation disqualifying it as a
20. Packaging and Package Marking
truly representative sample, it shall be discarded and replaced
by a new sample or specimen.
20.1 Each bundle, box, or carton shall be legibly and
conspicuously marked or tagged with the following informa-
15.2 If the results of the tube inspection of a lot are not in
tion:
conformancewiththerequirementsofthisspecification,thelot
20.1.1 Purchase order or contract number,
may be reworked at the option of the manufacturer, providing
20.1.2 Name of manufacturer,
the rework steps are within the previously approved specifica-
20.1.3 Grade,
tions and procedures used for the original fabrication. Devia-
20.1.4 Size,
tions must be approved by the purchaser.
20.1.5 Lot or ingot number,
15.3 If the result of any test in Section 14.2 does not meet 20.1.6 Gross, net and tare weights, and
the specification requirements, retests shall be performed on
20.1.7 ASTM Standard Number.
twice as many samples as originally tested for the
20.2 All material shall be packed in such a manner as to
characteristic, or using retest procedures mutually agreed upon
ensure safe delivery to its destination when properly trans-
between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
ported by any common carrier. Any special requirements or
15.3.1 Alltestresultsincludingtheoriginaltestresultsshall
instructions must be specified by the customer.
be reported to the purchaser. Retest results shall be indicated
21. Referee
with the suffix “R.”
21.1 Intheeventofdisagreementbetweenthemanufacturer
15.3.2 Only one set of retests is permitted and all retest
and the purchaser on the conformance of the material to the
results shall conform to the specification requirements for the
requirements of this specification or any special test specified
retested characteristic. Following a failed test, 100% testing is
by the purchaser, a mutually acceptable referee shall perform
not considered to be a retest.
thetestsinquestion.Theresultsofthereferee’stestingshallbe
used in determining conformance of the material to this
16. Significance of Numerical Limits
specification.
16.1 For the purpose of determining compliance with the
22. Keywords
specified limits of property requirements, an observed value or
a calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with the 22.1 nuclear application; seamless tubing; welded tubing;
rounding method of Practice E29. zirconium; zirconium alloy
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B353−12 (2022)
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. RECOMMENDED CLOSED-END BURST TESTING PROCEDURE FOR ZIRCONIUM ALLOY TUBING
A1.1 Scope an axial relief groove may be cut in the mandrel to facilitate
movement of the fluid within the specimen.
A1.1.1 This annex covers the determination of burst test
A1.3.5.2 The ends of the mandrel shall be tapered or
mechanical properties of zirconium-base alloy tubing.
otherwise shaped so as not to restrict axial deformation of
A1.1.2 Burst test results are affected by very small changes
tubing during test.
in procedure.The following items are identified and defined to
A1.3.6 All free gases shall be vented from the specimen
minimize variation in testing procedures and to obtain repro-
prior to test.
ducibility of test results.
A1.4 Procedure
A1.2 Apparatus
A1.4.1 Measurementsshallbemadeoftheoutsidediameter
A1.2.1 The test system shall be designed with adequate
and wall thickness of the specimen such that the mean average
capacity to test at the stress levels and temperatures needed. If
diameter and minimum wall thickness can be determined to an
elevated temperature tests are to be performed on the same
accuracy of 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm). Recommended measure-
equipment used for room temperature tests, it is essential that
ments are as follows:
special fluids be used which are stable at the elevated test
A1.4.1.1 Pretest the measurements of the outside diameter
temperatures. Special consideration should be given to the
following system items: at three equally spaced locations around the circumference at
each end of the specimen and at the center. Pretest the
A1.2.1.1 Pump—The pump should be capable of increasing
system pressure at a steady rate.The pressurization rate during measurement of the wall thickness at six equally spaced
locations at each end of the specimen.
elastic loading shall be 2000 6 200 psi/min (14.0 6 1.4
MPa/min),andthesameinitialfluidvolumepumpingrateshall A1.4.1.2 Individual pretest measurements shall be to an
bemaintainedforthedurationofthetest.Thepumpshouldnot accuracy of 60.0002 in. (0.005 mm).
produce a pressure surge with each stroke. The system should
A1.4.1.3 Post-test circumferential elongation shall be deter-
be “stiff,” that is, its stored energy should be as low as
mined at the point of maximum bulge, excluding the opening
practical.
of the rupture, and to an accuracy of 60.005 in. (0.13 mm).
A1.2.1.2 Valves—Suitable valving shall be included for the
The measurement technique is to be mutually agreed upon
following functions: control, regulation, and safety.
between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
A1.2.1.3 Gauges—Suitable gauges of adequate capacity
A1.5 Report
shall be used to monitor system pressure and to record the
maximum fluid pressure attained.
A1.5.1 The following data should be reported:
A1.5.1.1 Measurements taken from test specimens.
A1.3 Preparation of Specimen
A1.5.1.2 Maximum fluid pressure.
A1.3.1 The sample shall be selected and tested in the mill
A1.5.1.3 Ultimate hoop strength, calculated as follows:
finished condition.
PD
A1.3.2 Minimum unsupported length shall be 10 times the s 5 (A1.1)
2t
average outside diameter.
where:
A1.3.3 End fittings must be such as to produce a 2:1
s = ultimate hoop strength, psi or MPa,
circumferential to axial stress ratio.
p = maximum fluid pressure, psi or MPa,
A1.3.4 Useofamandrelinsidethetestspecimenshallbeon
D = average outside diameter minus average wall thickness,
agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser and
in. or mm, and
shall be noted on test reports.
t = minimum pretest wall thickness, in. or mm.
NOTE A1.1—For thick-wall tubes, consideration should be given to
A1.3.5 Mandrels shall meet the following requirements:
using the more general thick-wall formula.
A1.3.5.1 Mandrel outside diameter = mean inside diameter
of tubing minus 0.010 6 0.002 in. (0.25 6 0.05 mm), except A1.5.1.4 Total circumferential elongation.
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B353−12 (2022)
A2. RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF HYDRIDE ORIENTATION IN
ZIRCONIUM-ALLOY TUBING
A2.1 Test Criteria prevent dehydriding. The cooling rate from temperature shall
be less than 25°F (14°C)⁄min.
A2.1.1 The following test criteria shall be mutually agreed
upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser:
A2.3 Measurement
A2.1.1.1 Number of specimens per lot,
A2.3.1 Cut transverse metallographic sections from each
A2.1.1.2 Number of determinations per specimen,
hydridedspecimenandprepareformicroscopicalexamination.
A2.1.1.3 Magnification of photomicrographs,
Donotuseeitherheatorpressureinpreparation.Thefinaletch
A2.1.1.4 Number and description of layers across the wall
or chemical polish shall be capable of delineating the hydride
thickness,
platelets. An anodizing procedure is recommended following
A2.1.1.5 Definition of typical hydride microstructure,
the etch or polish.
A2.1.1.6 Value of theta (θ), the angle from radial direction,
A2.3.2 Make determinations, as agreed upon between the
and
manufacturerandthepurchaser,ontheentirewallthickness.A
A2.1.1.7 Hydride fraction value, Fn.
suitable magnification in the range 100× to 500× shall be used
for the measurement, and the measured area shall be typical of
A2.2 Procedure
the hydride microstructure.
A2.2.1 Inoculatespecimensfromeachlotoffinishedtubing
A2.3.3 Fromthemicrographofeachlayer,countallhydride
withabout100ppmhydrogentoproduceuniformlydistributed
plateletsequaltoorlongerthan0.000625in.(0.015mm)at1×
hydride platelets as follows:
magnification ( ⁄16 in. or 1.5 mm at 100× magnification).Also
A2.2.1.1 Introducehydrogenintothespecimensbymethods
count each platelet segment that extends in a secondary
such as autoclaving in steam or lithium hydroxide, electrolytic
direction longer than 0.000625 in. (0.015 mm) at 1× magnifi-
deposition, or absorption of hydrogen gas. The treatment
cation as a separate platelet.
temperature shall not exceed 775°F (414°C). The method of
A2.3.4 For each layer count all radial platelets. A radial
hydridingshallnotresultinexcessivehydrideconcentrationon
platelet is defined as one oriented within theta (θ) degrees of
the surface. Such concentration would obscure the determina-
theradialdirectionofthetubeandmeetingtherequirementsof
tionofhydrideorientation.Nosurfaceremovalisallowedafter
A2.3.3.
hydriding.
A2.2.1.2 When agreed upon, heat treat the specimen at 750 A2.3.5 Calculatethevalueofthehydridefraction,Fn,asthe
6 25°F (399 6 14°C) for 5 6 1 h in an inert atmosphere ratioofradialplateletstototalplateletsinagivenlayer.Itshall
either during or after hydriding. If vacuum heat treatment is
conform to the value mutually agreed upon between the
−5
used,thepressureshallnotbelessthan10 torr(1.33mPa)to manufacturer and the purchaser.
A3. RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC TESTING OF ZIRCONIUM AND
ZIRCONIUM ALLOY TUBING FOR NUCLEAR SERVICE
A3.1 Scope A3.2.1.2 Definitions of additional terms and formulae are
given in A3.8.2.3.
A3.1.1 This annex covers procedures for detecting discon-
tinuities in zirconium alloy nuclear tubing. Guides for the
A3.3 Surface Condition
selection and positioning of transducers for shear-wave and
A3.3.1 All surfaces shall be clean and free of scale, dirt,
Lamb-wave procedures are included in Appendix X1 and
grease, paint, or other foreign material that will interfere with
Appendix X2.
the interpretation of the test results. The methods used for
A3.1.2 The immersed ultrasonic pulse-echo technique is
cleaning and preparing the surfaces for ultrasonic inspection
employed.
shall not be detrimental to the base metal or the surface finish.
A3.1.3 Artificial longitudinal and transverse reference
The surface finish may be specified by contractual agreement
notchesareemployedasthemeansofcalibratingtheultrasonic
between the purchaser and manufacturer.
system.
NOTE A3.1—Excessive surface roughness or scratches provide signals
(noise) that interfere with the test.
A3.2 Terminology
A3.2.1 Definitions: A3.3.2 The tubes shall be within the requirements of Speci-
A3.2.1.1 relevantindicationofadiscontinuity—arepeatable fication B353 for dimensions at time of test. Straightening
rejectable indication. operations shall be performed prior to ultrasonic testing.
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B353−12 (2022)
A3.4 Apparatus magnetic tape, (3) electronically shutting down and stopping
the handling equipment, or (4) a paint or ink marking system.
A3.4.1 Theinstrumentsandaccessoryequipmentshallbeof
A3.4.3.1 The test-monitoring system shall have the capabil-
the pulse-echo type and shall be capable of distinguishing the
ity to pick up the standard notch and defect indications.
reference notches to the extent required in the calibration
A3.4.3.2 The automatic gating system must be equipped
procedure. Fig. A3.1(a) illustrates the characteristic oblique
with an electronic circuit that will make it impossible for more
entry of sound into the tube wall and the circumferential
than one pulse to remain unrecorded. The system used shall
direction of ultrasonic energy propagation used to detect
contain one of the following: (1) a pulse stretcher, (2)a
longitudinal notches. Fig. A3.1(b) illustrates the characteristic
one-shot multivibrator, (3) a pulse counter-recorder
oblique angle and the longitudinal direction of ultrasonic
combination, or (4) equivalent devices.
energy propagation used to detect circumferential notches.
A3.4.1.1 The pra
...