ASTM F794-21

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F794 − 03 (Reapproved 2014) F794 − 21
Standard Specification for
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Gravity Sewer Pipe and
Fittings Based on Controlled Inside Diameter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F794; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers requirements for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile sewer pipe and fittings with integral bell and
elastomeric seal joints or plain end pipe with couplings in sizes (4 to 48 in.) based on a controlled inside diameter.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—Pipe and fittings produced to this specification should be installed in accordance with Practice D2321.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D1784 Classification System and Basis for Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
D2152 Test Method for Adequacy of Fusion of Extruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Molded Fittings by Acetone
Immersion
D2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
D2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
D2444 Practice for Determination of the Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (Falling
Weight)
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014April 1, 2021. Published November 2014April 2021. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
F794 –03(2009). –03(2014). DOI: 10.1520/F0794-03R14.10.1520/F0794-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F794 − 21
D2855 Practice for the Two-Step (Primer and Solvent Cement) Method of Joining Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and Piping Components with Tapered Sockets
D3034 Specification for Type PSM Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings
D3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
F402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements, Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
F679 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Large-Diameter Plastic Gravity Sewer Pipe and Fittings
2.2 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Standard:
AWWA Manual M45 Fiberglass Pipe Design
2.3 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2.4 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology
D1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation for poly(vinyl chloride) is (PVC).
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 dual wall corrugated profile (DWCP)gravity sewer pipe—a pipe product consisting of a smooth waterway braced
cumferentially with an external corrugated wall (see Fig. 1)
3.2.2 open profile (OP) gravity sewer pipe—a pipe product consisting of an essentially smooth waterway braced circumferentially
or spirally with outside projections or ribs (see Fig. 2).
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for nonpressure drainage of sewage
and surface water.
NOTE 2—Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with the specific approval of the governing code authority since chemicals not commonly
found in drains and sewers and temperatures in excess of 140°F may be encountered.
5. Materials
5.1 Basic Materials—The pipe and fittings shall be made of PVC plastic having a minimum cell classification of 12454 or 12364
as defined in Specification D1784. Homopolymer PVC compounds must meet or exceed the requirements of the above listed
minimum cell classification number.
5.2 Rework Material—Clean rework material generated from the manufacturer’s own pipe or fittings production may be used by
the same manufacturer provided pipe or fittings produced meet all the requirements of this specification.
5.3 Gaskets—Elastomeric gaskets shall comply with the requirements described in Specification F477.
FIG. 1 Typical Dual Wall Corrugated Profile (DWCP)
Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
F794 − 21
FIG. 2 Typical Open Profile (OP)
5.4 Lubricant—The lubricant used for assembly shall be suitable for use with PVC pipe and elastomeric seals for this application
and have no detrimental effect on the gasket or on the pipe.
6. Joining Systems
6.1 Gasketed Joint—The integral bell gasketed joint, coupling, or fitting joints shall be designed so that when assembled, the
gasket (which is attached to either the bell or the spigot) will be compressed radially on the pipe spigot or in the bell to form a
water-tight seal. The joints shall be designed to comply with and show no sign of leakage when tested in accordance with 7.7 when
assembled with pipe for which they are intended.
6.2 Couplings shall form a water-tight seal when assembled with plain end pipe and show no sign of leakage when tested in
accordance with 7.7 when assembled with pipe for which they are intended.
NOTE 3—The outside diameters of products manufactured to this specification are not specified and therefore joint compatibility should be reviewed.
6.3 The joint shall be designed to avoid displacement of the gasket when assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendation.
6.4 The assembly of joints shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
7. Requirements
7.1 Workmanship—The pipe and fittings shall be essentially uniform in color, opacity, density, and other properties. The inside and
outside surfaces shall be semimatte or glossy in appearance and free of chalking, sticky, or tacky material. The surfaces shall be
free of excess bloom; that is, slight bloom is acceptable. The pipe walls shall be free of cracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign
inclusions, or other defects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect the wall integrity. Bloom or chalking may develop
in pipe exposed to direct rays of the sun (ultraviolet radiant energy) for extended periods and consequently these requirements do
not apply to pipe after extended exposure to direct rays of the sun.
7.2 Pipe and Fitting Dimensions:
7.2.1 Diameter—The inside diameter of the pipe shall meet the requirements given in Table 1, Table 2, or Table 3 when measured
in accordance with 8.4.1.
7.2.2 Wall Thickness—The minimum wall thickness of the waterway of pipe and fittings fabricated from pipe sections shall meet
the requirements given in Table 1 for open profile; and Table 2 or Table 3 for dual wall corrugated profile pipe when measured
in accordance with 8.4.28.4.2. The wall thickness of fittings fabricated from pipes meeting the requirements of Specification
D3034, SDR 35 and Specification F679 are also satisfactory. Molded fittings when made with an open profile shall conform to the
minimum wall thickness requirements given in Table 1.
7.2.3 Bell Wall Thickness—In the case of belled pipe and fittings fabricated from pipe sections, the thickness of the wall in the
bell shall be considered satisfactory if it was formed from pipe meeting the above requirements. For reducing fittings or those with
smaller inlets, the minimum wall thickness for each inlet shall be no less than the minimum wall thickness for that size pipe.
7.2.4 Fittings:
Supporting data are available at ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:F17-1020.
F794 − 21
TABLE 1 Pipe Dimensions and Stiffness (Open Profile Pipe)
Nominal Tolerance on Minimum Pipe Waterway Minimum Minimum Pipe Waterway Minimum
Minimum Inside
A
Pipe Size, Inside Diameter, Stiffness Series 46, Wall Series 46, Stiffness Series 10, Wall Series 10,
Diameter,
2 2
in. (mm)
in. in. (mm) lbf/in. (kPa) in. (mm) lbf/in. (kPa) in. (mm)
4 3.939(100.0) +0.034(0.86) 46(320) 0.030(0.76) N/A N/A
6 5.875(149.2) +0.049(1.24) 46(320) 0.045(1.14) N/A N/A
8 7.863(199.7) +0.053(1.35) 46(320) 0.060(1.52) N/A N/A
10 9.825(249.6) +0.067(1.70) 46(320) 0.070(1.78) N/A N/A
12 11.687(296.8) +0.085(2.16) 46(320) 0.085(2.16) N/A N/A
15 14.303(363.3) +0.116(2.95) 46(320) 0.105(2.67) N/A N/A
18 17.510(444.8) +0.195(4.95) 46(320) 0.130(3.30) 10(70) 0.070(1.78)
21 20.656(524.7) +0.200(5.08) 46(320) 0.160(4.06) 10(70) 0.085(2.16)
24 23.412(594.7) +0.204(5.18) 46(320) 0.180(4.58) 10(70) 0.105(2.66)
27 26.371(669.8) +0.209(5.31) 46(320) 0.205(5.22) 10(70) 0.115(2.92)
30 29.388(746.5) +0.220(5.59) 46(320) 0.235(5.96) 10(70) 0.130(3.30)
33 32.405(823.1) +0.227(5.77) 46(320) 0.260(6.60) 10(70) 0.150(3.81)
36 35.370(898.4) +0.235(5.97) 46(320) 0.290(7.36) 10(70) 0.165(4.20)
39 38.380(974.9) +0.245(6.22) 46(320) 0.315(8.00) 10(70) 0.195(4.95)
42 41.370(1050.8) +0.255(6.48) 46(320) 0.345(8.76) 10(70) 0.215(5.46)
45 44.365(1126.9) +0.265(6.73) 46(320) 0.370(9.40) 10(70) 0.225(5.72)
48 47.355(1202.8) +0.285(7.24) 46(320) 0.400(10.16) 10(70) 0.230(5.84)
A
In-plant quality control manufacturing. Base inside diameter calculations should include out-of-roundness as a result of shipping and handling.
TABLE 2 Pipe Dimensions and Stiffness (Dual Wall Corrugated) Pipe for Series 46 and Series 10
Nominal Minimum Inside Tolerance on Minimum Pipe Waterway Minimum Minimum Pipe Waterway Minimum
Pipe Size, Diameter, Inside Diameter, Stiffness Series 46, Wall Series 46, Stiffness Series 10, Wall Series 10, in.
2 2
in. in. (mm) in. (mm) lbf/in. (kPa) in. (mm) lbf/in. (kPa) (mm)
4 3.939(100.0) +0.034(0.86) 46(320) 0.022(0.56) N/A N/A
6 5.875(149.2) +0.049(1.24) 46(320) 0.025(0.64) N/A N/A
8 7.863(199.7) +0.053(1.35) 46(320) 0.035(0.89) N/A N/A
10 9.825(249.6) +0.067(1.70) 46(320) 0.045(1.14) N/A N/A
12 11.687(296.8) +0.085(2.16) 46(320) 0.058(1.40) N/A N/A
15 14.303(363.3) +0.116(2.95) 46(320) 0.077(1.96) N/A N/A
18 17.510(444.8) +0.195(4.95) 46(320) 0.084(2.13) 10(70) 0.070(1.78)
21 20.656(524.7) +0.200(5.08) 46(320) 0.095(2.41) 10(70) 0.070(1.78)
24 23.412(594.7) +0.204(5.18) 46(320) 0.110(2.79) 10(70) 0.070(1.78)
27 26.371(669.8) +0.209(5.31) 46(320) 0.120(3.05) 10(70) 0.070(1.78)
30 29.388(746.5) +0.220(5.59) 46(320) 0.130(3.30) 10(70) 0.085(2.16)
33 32.405(823.1) +0.227(5.77) 46(320) 0.150(3.81) 10(70) 0.095(2.41)
36 35.370(898.4) +0.235(5.97) 46(320) 0.155(3.94) 10(70) 0.105(2.67)
39 38.380(974.9) +0.245(6.22) 46(320) 0.200(5.08) 10(70) 0.120(3.05)
42 41.370(1050.8) +0.255(6.48) 46(320) 0.200(5.08) 10(70) 0.130(3.30)
45 44.365(1126.9) +0.265(6.73) 46(320) 0.200(5.08) 10(70) 0.145(3.68)
48 47.355(1202.8) +0.285(7.24) 46(320) 0.200(5.08) 10(70) 0.160(4.06)
TABLE 3 Pipe Dimensions and Stiffness (Dual Wall Corrugated)
Pipe for Series 115
Waterway
Nominal Minimum Tolerance on
Minimum Pipe Minimum
Pipe Inside Inside
Stiffness Series Wall Series
Size, Diameter, Diameter,
115, lbf/in. (kPa) 115,
in. in. (mm) in. (mm)
in. (mm)
8 7.692 +0.053 (1.35) 115 (800) 0.037 (0.94)
(195.4)
10 9.623 +0.067 (1.70) 115 (800) 0.046 (1.30)
(244.4)
12 11.452 +0.085 (2.16) 115 (800) 0.070 (1.78)
(290.9)
15 13.998 +0.116 (2.95) 115 (800) 0.092 (2.34)
(355.5)
7.2.4.1 Molded Fittings—Molded fittings conforming to the requirements of Specification D3034, SDR 35 may also be used with
profile gravity sewer pipe provided an adaptor (when required) is used to make the connection. The minimum wall thickness of
the molded fittings and adaptors shall coincide with the values listed in Table 1 of Specification D3034 for SDR 35. The thickness
in the wall of the adaptor bell shall be considered satisfactory if formed from pipe meeting the above requirements. When a molded
fitting is used to join different types of plastic pipes, the bell and the body or branch area extending from the bell shall also conform
to the minimum wall thickness and profile of the pipe being installed into the bell.
F794 − 21
7.2.4.2 Fabricated Fittings—Fabricated fittings shall be made from pipe meeting the requirements of this specification,
Specification D3034, SDR 35, or Specification F679. Fabricated fittings with solvent cement components shall be made in
accordance with Practice D2855 and taking cognizance of Practice F402. Unreinforced solvent cement mitred joints shall not be
used. Fabricated joints shall be adequately lapped or fusion butt welded and, when needed additionally reinforced.
NOTE 4—A fabricated fittings standard is currently being developed by ASTM Subcommittee F 17.10.
7.3 Pipe Flattening—There shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, breaking, or separation of ribs, seams, or corrugations,
when pipe is tested in accordance with 8.5.
7.4 Pipe Impact Strength—The impact strength shall not be less than the values shown in Table 4 when tested in accordance with
8.6.
NOTE 5—This requirement is intended only for use as a quality control test, not as a simulated service test. Aged impact data are currently under study
by an ASTM Committee F-17F17 task group.
7.5 Pipe Stiffness—Pipe stiffness values shall comply with Table 1, Table 2, or Table 3 for the respective pipe series when tested
in accordance with 8.7.
7.6 Gaskets—Gaskets shall meet the low head application requirements of Specification F477 and be molded into a circular form
or extruded to the proper section and then spliced into circular form.
7.7 Joint Tightness—All joints shall show no signs of leakage when tested in accordance with Specification D3212 and Fig. 3.
Some grades of pipe may not have the capability in the pipe wall of withstanding the 22 in. Hg vacuum test. In such cases, the
joint may be considered as meeting these criteria if a pipe and joint system, incorporating a geometrically identical joint and
heavier walled pipe, meets the criteria satisfactorily. All surfaces of the joint upon which the gasket may bear shall be smooth and
free of imperfections, ridges, fractures, or cracks that could adversely affect sealability.
7.8 Acetone Immersion—The pipe shall meet the requirements as defined in Test Method D2152 when tested in accordance with
8.8.
7.8.1 Bond—The bond between the inner and outer walls (at the corrugation valley) shall not separate when tested in accordance
with 8.8.1.
NOTE 6—This is intended only for use as a quality control test and not for use as a simulated service test.
7.9 Air Test—When pipe is made in such a manner that a seam is present, each length shall pass a 3.5-psi air test in accordance
with 8.9.
8. Test Methods
8.1 Conditi
...