ASTM C1336-96

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 1336 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Fabricating Non-Oxide Ceramic Reference Specimens
1
Containing Seeded Inclusions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1336; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope are needed and used in nondestructive examination to demon-
strate sensitivity and resolution and to assist in establishing
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for fabricating both
proper examination parameters.
green and sintered test samples of silicon carbide and silicon
nitride containing inclusions. These samples can be used to
5. Apparatus
determine the sensitivity and detection capability of a nonde-
5.1 Aerosol Duster, moisture-free.
structive examination (NDE) method.
5.2 Die, capable of exerting pressure up to 120 MPa and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
will not contaminate the compacted material.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5.3 Optical Magnifier, capable of providing 10 to 303
only.
magnification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.4 Tubing, latex, thin-wall, for encapsulating compact dur-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ing isopressing.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.5 Carver Press, or similar type of apparatus capable of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
exerting the necessary pressure to consolidate the sample.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.6 Cold Isostatic Press, capable of maintaining 500 MPa.
2. Referenced Documents 5.7 Oven or Furnace, which can maintain a temperature of
500°C.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.8 Imaging Equipment, with the capability of producing a
B 311 Test Method for Density Determination for Powder
hard copy output of the image (that is, 35 mm camera, charge
Metallurgy (P/M) Materials Containing Less Than Two
2
coupled device (CCD) camera outputted to a video printer, a
Percent Porosity
stereo microscope with 4 by 5 instamatic film, etc.).
C 373 Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density,
5.9 Sintering Furnaces, capable of reaching temperatures of
Apparent Porosity, and Apparent Specific Gravity of Fired
3
1400 to 2200°C. Depending on the ceramic system chosen, the
Whiteware Products
furnace may be required to operate in a vacuum or under inert
3. Terminology gas atmospheres, or both, at pressures as high as 200 MPa.
5.10 Mettler Scale, or similar device capable of measuring
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
within 0.01 mg. Measuring densities according to Archimedes
3.1.1 green specimen—formed ceramic specimens as origi-
principle requires the use of a sample holder suspended in
nally compacted prior to high-temperature densification.
water attached to the scale.
3.1.2 inclusion—a solid discontinuity in a specimen, with a
composition not that of the specimen.
6. Materials
3.1.3 seeded inclusions—discontinuities intentionally
6.1 Silicon Carbide or Silicon Nitride Powders, of appro-
placed at prescribed locations in reference specimens.
priate purity and particle size, prepared with sintering aids and
3.1.4 sintered specimen—formed ceramic specimen after
binder representative of the product to be inspected and in a
firing to densify and remove solvents or binders.
manner appropriate for dry pressing with granule size less than
4. Significance and Use
−100 mesh.
6.2 Inclusion Spheres, diameters as needed. Inclusion ma-
4.1 This practice describes a method of fabrication of
terials selected based on applicable green and sintered inclu-
known discontinuities in a ceramic specimen. Such specimens
sion that is desired to be investigated for a specific silicon
nitride or silicon carbide application.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-28 on Advanced
6.2.1 The size, shape, and composition of the inclusions
Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.02 on Design and
shall be determined a priori before seeding. The inclusion
Evaluation.
Current edition approved June 10, 1996. Published August 1996.
particles must be carefully selected based on the ceramic
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
system of interest and the purpose of the test samples.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
1

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C 1336
6.2.1.1 Samples fabricated to determine the sensitivity and from all su
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