ASTM D4290-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Leakage Tendencies of Automotive Wheel Bearing Grease Under Accelerated Conditions
Standard Test Method for Determining the Leakage Tendencies of Automotive Wheel Bearing Grease Under Accelerated Conditions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method differentiates among wheel bearing greases having distinctly different high-temperature leakage characteristics. It is not the equivalent of longtime service tests.
5.2 This test method has proven to be helpful in screening greases with respect to leakage tendencies for automotive wheel bearing applications.
Note 1: It is possible for skilled operators to observe changes in grease characteristics that can occur during the test, such as grease condition. Leakage is reported as a quantitative value, whereas the evaluation of grease condition is subject to differences in personal judgment among operators and cannot be used effectively for quantitative measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for evaluating leakage tendencies of wheel bearing greases when tested under prescribed conditions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The exception is apparatus dimensions, in inches, which are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8.
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Designation: D4290 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Leakage Tendencies of Automotive Wheel
1
Bearing Grease Under Accelerated Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4290; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.3.1 Discussion—The solid thickener can be fibers (such
as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for
non-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or, at the most, only
evaluating leakage tendencies of wheel bearing greases when
very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general
tested under prescribed conditions.
requirements are that the solid particles be extremely small,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
uniformlydispersed,andcapableofformingarelativelystable,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant.
standard. The exception is apparatus dimensions, in inches,
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
which are to be regarded as the standard.
3.2.1 automotive wheel bearing grease, n—a lubricating
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
grease specifically formulated to lubricate automotive wheel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bearings at relatively high grease temperatures and bearing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
speeds.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 leakage, n—of wheel bearing grease, separation and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
overflow of grease or oil from the bulk grease charge, induced
warning statements, see Section 8.
by high temperatures and bearing rotation.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 AFBMA Standard:
4.1 The test grease is distributed in a modified, automobile
AFBMA Standard 19 1974 (ANSI B.3.19-1975)
front wheel hub-spindle-bearings assembly.While the bearings
are thrust-loaded to approximately 111 N, the hub is rotated at
3. Terminology
1000rpmandthespindletemperaturemaintainedat160 °Cfor
3.1 Definitions:
20 h. Leakage of grease or oil, or both, is measured, and the
3.1.1 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
condition of the bearing surface is noted at the end of the test.
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
3.1.2 lubricating grease, n—a semifluid to solid product of 5. Significance and Use
a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
5.1 This test method differentiates among wheel bearing
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
greases having distinctly different high-temperature leakage
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
characteristics.Itisnottheequivalentoflongtimeservicetests.
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are
5.2 This test method has proven to be helpful in screening
commonly included to impart special properties.
greases with respect to leakage tendencies for automotive
3.1.3 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
wheel bearing applications.
posed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant
to form the product’s structure. NOTE1—Itispossibleforskilledoperatorstoobservechangesingrease
characteristics that can occur during the test, such as grease condition.
Leakage is reported as a quantitative value, whereas the evaluation of
grease condition is subject to differences in personal judgment among
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
operators and cannot be used effectively for quantitative measurements.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.G0.05 on Functional Tests - Temperature.
6. Apparatus
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4290 – 07 (2012).
6.1 Test Assembly (Figs. 1 and 2).
DOI: 10.1520/D4290-15.
2
6.1.1 Custom-made Wheel Hub-Spindle-Bearing Assembly
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. (Fig. 3).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4290 − 15
NOTE 1—Caution should be taken when modifying older units since some may still contain asbestos insulation le
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4290 − 07 (Reapproved 2012) D4290 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Leakage Tendencies of Automotive Wheel
1
Bearing Grease Under Accelerated Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4290; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for evaluating leakage tendencies of wheel bearing greases when tested
under prescribed conditions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
The exception is apparatus dimensions, in inches, which are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 AFBMA Standard:
AFBMA Standard 19 1974 (ANSI B.3.19-1975)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
3.1.2 lubricating grease, n—a semifluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.G0.05 on Functional Tests - Temperature.
Current edition approved April 15, 2012April 1, 2015. Published May 2012April 2015. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D4290D4290 – 07 (2012).–07. DOI: 10.1520/D4290-07R12.10.1520/D4290-15.
2
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.10036, http://www.ansi.org.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The dispersion of the thickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and other
physical forces. Other ingredients are commonly included to impart special properties.
3.1.3 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance composed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant to form
the product’s structure.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
The solid thickener can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain non-soap thickeners) which
are insoluble or, at the most, only very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general requirements are that the solid particles
be extremely small, uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 automotive wheel bearing grease, n—a lubricating grease specifically formulated to lubricate automotive wheel bearings
at relatively high grease temperatures and bearing speeds.
3.2.2 leakage, n—of wheel bearing grease, separation and overflow of grease or oil from the bulk grease charge, induced by
high temperatures and bearing rotation.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4290 − 15
NOTE 1—Caution should be taken when modifying older units since some may still contain asbestos insulation leading to a possible inhalation hazard.
FIG. 1 Wheel Bearing Lubricant Tester (Elevation View)
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test grease is distributed in a modified, automobile front wheel hub-spindle-bearings assembly. While the bearings are
thrust-loaded to approximately 111 N, the hub is rotated at 1000 rpm and the spindle temperature maintained at 160°C160 °C for
20 h. Leakage of grease or oil, or both, is measured, and the condition of the bearing surface is noted at the end of the test.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method differentiates among wheel bearing greases having distinctly different high-temperature leakage
characteristics. It is not the equivalent of longtime service tests.
5.2 This test method has proven to be helpful in screening greases with respect to leakage tendenc
...
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