ASTM D4044-96

Designation: D 4044 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method
(Field Procedure) for Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug)
1
Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifiers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ing Hydraulic Conductivity of an Confined Aquifer by
Overdamped Well Response to Instantaneous Change In
1.1 This test method covers the field procedure for perform-
3
Head (Slug Test)
ing an in situ instantaneous change in head (slug) test.
1.2 This test method is used in conjunction with an analyti-
3. Terminology
cal procedure such as Test Method D 4104 to determine aquifer
3.1 Definitions: Definitions:
properties.
3.1.1 control well—well by which the aquifer is stressed, for
1.3 The values stated in the SI units are to be regarded as
example, by pumping, injection, or change of head.
standard.
3.1.2 hydraulic conductivity—(field aquifer tests), the vol-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ume of water at the existing kinematic viscosity that will move
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
in a unit time under a unit hydraulic gradient through a unit
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
area measured at right angles to the direction of flow.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3 observation well—a well open to all or part of an
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
aquifer.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.4 overdamped-well response—characterized by the wa-
ter level returning to the static level in an approximately
2.1 ASTM Standards:
exponential manner following a sudden change in water level.
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
2
(See for comparison underdamped well.)
Fluids
3.1.5 slug—a volume of water or solid object used to induce
D 4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer-Test Method in
a sudden change of head in a well.
Determination of Hydraulic Properties by Well Tech-
2
3.1.6 storage coeffıcient—the volume of water an aquifer
niques
releases from or takes into storage per unit surface area of the
D 4104 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determin-
aquifer per unit change in head. For a confined aquifer, it is
ing Transmissivity of Confined Nonleaky Aquifers by
equal to the product of specific storage and aquifer thickness.
Overdamped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in
2
For an unconfined aquifer, the storage coefficient is approxi-
Head (Slug Test)
mately equal to the specific yield.
D 4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid
3.1.7 transmissivity—the volume of water at the existing
Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation
2 kinematic viscosity that will move in a unit time under a unit
Well)
hydraulic gradient through a unit width of the aquifer.
D 5785 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Deter-
3.1.8 underdamped-well response—characterized by the
mining Transmissivity of Confined Nonleaky Aquifers by
water level oscillating about the static water level following a
Underdamped Well Response to Instantaneous Change In
3 sudden change in water level. (See for comparison overdamped
Head (Slug Test)
well.)
D 5881 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determin-
3.1.9 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
ing Transmissivity of Confined Nonleaky Aquifers by
refer to Terminology D 653.
Critically Damped Well Response to Instantaneous
3
Change In Head (Slug Test)
4. Summary of Test Method
D 5912 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determin-
4.1 This test method describes the field procedures involved
in conducting an instantaneous head (slug) test. The slug test
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil
method involves causing a sudden change in head in a control
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water
well and measuring the water level response within that control
and Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1997. Published February 1997. Originally
well. Head change may be induced by suddenly injecting or
published as D 4044 – 91. Last previous edition D 4044 – 91.
removing a known quantity or “slug” of water into the well,
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
rapid removal of a mechanical “slug” from below the water
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09
1

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D 4044
level, increasing or decreasing the air pressure in the well 8. Procedure
casing, or emplacement of a mechanical slug into the water
8.1
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