ASTM D4289-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Elastomer Compatibility of Lubricating Greases and Fluids
Standard Test Method for Elastomer Compatibility of Lubricating Greases and Fluids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Measurement of the changes in the volume and hardness of an elastomer that occur from immersion in a lubricating grease or fluid provides a means for evaluating relative compatibility. Much of this test method was derived from procedures described in Test Method D471 and Federal Test Method 791C/3603.5. In contrast to these two test methods, which emphasize the evaluation of rubber and rubber-like compounds, Test Method D4289 was developed specifically to evaluate lubricating greases and fluids, especially those used in automotive applications, although the test method can be applied to lubricants used in industrial applications as well. Excepting the Shore Durometer A, this test method requires no specialized, rubber-testing equipment. Virtually all other equipment and supplies specified in the procedure are stock items in lubricants laboratories.
5.2 The volume and hardness-change values determined by this test method do not duplicate similar changes that occur in elastomeric seals under actual service conditions. However, they can be correlated in many instances. In one such instance, the volume-change values determined by the antecedent of this test method correlated (r 2 = 0.99) with those that occurred during a vehicle test.7 Because of wide variations in service conditions and differences in grease and elastomer formulations, correlations between the results obtained with this test method and particular applications should be determined on an individual basis.
5.3 When the optional Reference Elastomers AMS 3217/2C (acrylonitrile-butadiene, NBR-L) and AMS 3217/3A (chloroprene, CR) are used to evaluate compatibility, the results can be used to judge a service characteristic of lubricants. In this respect, this test method is useful for lubricant specifications (for example, Specification D4950). Similarly, this test method can be used in specifications for lubricating fluids as well.
5.4 With specifications requiring elastomers other than Reference...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the compatibility of lubricating greases and fluids with coupons cut from standard elastomer sheets (Practice D3182) or, optionally, from SAE Specification AMS 3217/2C (NBR-L) and AMS 3217/3A (CR) sheets. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume and Durometer A hardness that occur when elastomer coupons are totally immersed in a lubricant sample for 70 h at either 100 or 150°C or as required by the lubricant specification.
1.1.1 Some lubricant specifications may require different test conditions, such as longer durations or lower or higher temperatures. In such instances, the repeatability and reproducibility values stated in Section 12 do not apply, and the user and supplier should agree on acceptable limits of precision. Note 1—The scope of this test method now includes the evaluation of the elastomer compatibility of both lubricating fluids and greases. Testing of fluids was not included in Test Method D4289–95 and earlier versions.
1.2 This test method can also be used as a guide to evaluate the compatibility of greases with rubber products not in standard sheet form (Practice D3183).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—When listed, Durometer A units shall be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements, see 8.4 – 8.6.
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Designation: D4289 − 13
StandardTest Method for
1
Elastomer Compatibility of Lubricating Greases and Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4289; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Forspecificwarning
statements, see 8.4 – 8.6.
1.1 This test method evaluates the compatibility of lubricat-
ing greases and fluids with coupons cut from standard elasto-
2. Referenced Documents
mer sheets (Practice D3182) or, optionally, from SAE Speci-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fication AMS 3217/2C (NBR-L) and AMS 3217/3A (CR)
D217Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
sheets. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes
Grease
in volume and Durometer A hardness that occur when elasto-
D297Test Methods for Rubber Products—ChemicalAnaly-
mer coupons are totally immersed in a lubricant sample for 70
sis
h at either 100 or 150°C or as required by the lubricant
D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
specification.
tic Elastomers—Tension
1.1.1 Some lubricant specifications may require different
D471Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
test conditions, such as longer durations or lower or higher
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
temperatures.Insuchinstances,therepeatabilityandreproduc-
D2240Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
ibilityvaluesstatedinSection12donotapply,andtheuserand
ness
supplier should agree on acceptable limits of precision.
D3182PracticeforRubber—Materials,Equipment,andPro-
NOTE 1—The scope of this test method now includes the evaluation of
cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing
the elastomer compatibility of both lubricating fluids and greases.Testing
Standard Vulcanized Sheets
of fluids was not included inTest Method D4289–95 and earlier versions.
D3183Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for Test
1.2 This test method can also be used as a guide to evaluate
Purposes from Products
the compatibility of greases with rubber products not in
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
standard sheet form (Practice D3183).
Products, and Lubricants
D4950Classification and Specification for Automotive Ser-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
vice Greases
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3
2.2 Federal Standards:
standard.
FederalTest Method Standard791C,Method3603.5, Swell-
1.3.1 Exception—When listed, Durometer A units shall be
ing of Synthetic Rubbers
regarded as the standard.
4
2.3 U.S. Air Force Specifications:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
USAF-539 Specification Bulletin for Standard Elastomer
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Stocks
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of the ASTM website.
3
Subcommittee D02.G0.01 on Chemical and General Laboratory Tests. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published February 2014. Originally 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
4
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4289–03 (2008). USAF-539isobsolete,butreproductionshavebeenfiledatASTMInternational
DOI: 10.1520/D4289-13. Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1165.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4289 − 13
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2.4 SAE Standards: temperature correction for the density of water is not applied.
AMS 3217AStandard Elastomer Stocks—Test Slabs The term, relative density, replaces the synonymous, depre-
AMS 3217/2CTest Slabs, Acrylonitrile Butadiene (NBR- catedterm, specific gravity,usedinsomeearliereditionsofthis
L)—Low Acrylonitrile, 65–75 test method.
AMS 3217/3ATest Slabs, Chloroprene (CR)—65–75
3.1.6 thickener, n—in a lubricating grease, a substance
composed of finely divided partic
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4289 − 03 (Reapproved 2008) D4289 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Elastomer Compatibility of Lubricating Greases and Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4289; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method evaluates the compatibility of lubricating greases and fluids with coupons cut from standard elastomer
sheets (Practice D3182) or, optionally, from SAE Specification AMS 3217/2B3217/2C (NBR-L) and AMS 3217/3A (CR) sheets.
Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume and Durometer A hardness that occur when elastomer coupons
are totally immersed in a lubricant sample for 70 h at either 100 or 150°C or as required by the lubricant specification.
1.1.1 Some lubricant specifications may require different test conditions, such as longer durations or lower or higher
temperatures. In such instances, the repeatability and reproducibility values stated in Section 12 do not apply, and the user and
supplier should agree on acceptable limits of precision.
NOTE 1—The scope of this test method now includes the evaluation of the elastomer compatibility of both lubricating fluids and greases. Testing of
fluids was not included in Test Method D4289–95 and earlier versions.
1.2 This test method can also be used as a guide to evaluate the compatibility of greases with rubber products not in standard
sheet form (Practice D3183).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—When listed, Durometer A units shall be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements, see 8.4 – 8.6.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
D297 Test Methods for Rubber Products—Chemical Analysis
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
D3182 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard
Vulcanized Sheets
D3183 Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4950 Classification and Specification for Automotive Service Greases
3
2.2 Federal Standards:
Federal Test Method Standard 791C, Method 3603.5, Swelling of Synthetic Rubbers
4
2.3 U.S. Air Force Specifications:
USAF-539 Specification Bulletin for Standard Elastomer Stocks
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.G0.01 on Chemical and General Laboratory Tests.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008Dec. 1, 2013. Published September 2008February 2014. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20032008
as D4289D4289 – 03 (2008).–03. DOI: 10.1520/D4289-03R08.10.1520/D4289-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
4
USAF-539 is obsolete, but reproductions have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1165.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4289 − 13
5
2.4 SAE Standards:
AMS 3217A Standard Elastomer St
...
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