ASTM B80-23

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B80 − 15 B80 − 23
Standard Specification for
Magnesium-Alloy Sand Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B80; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers magnesium-alloy sand castings designated as shown in Table 1.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values in parentheses are provided for
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date of order acceptance form a part of this specification to the extent
referenced herein:
2.2 ASTM Standards:
B93/B93M Specification for Magnesium Alloys in Ingot Form for Sand Castings, Permanent Mold Castings, and Die Castings
B296 Practice for Temper Designations of Magnesium Alloys, Cast and Wrought
B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B660 Practices for Packaging/Packing of Aluminum and Magnesium Products
B661 Practice for Heat Treatment of Magnesium Alloys
B951 Practice for Codification of Unalloyed Magnesium and Magnesium-Alloys, Cast and Wrought
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E35 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys (Withdrawn 2008)
E88 Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film
E155 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.04 on Magnesium
Alloy Cast and Wrought Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015April 1, 2023. Published June 2015April 2023. Originally approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as
B80 – 09.B80 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/B0080-15.10.1520/B0080-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
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B80 − 23
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
NOTE 1—Analysis shall regularly be made only for the elements specifically mentioned in this table. If, however, the presence of other elements is suspected or indicated in amounts greater than
the specified limits, further analysis shall be made to determine that these elements are not present in excess of the specified limits.
NOTE 2—The following applies to all specified limits in this table: For purposes of acceptance and rejection, an observed value or a calculated value obtained from analysis shall be rounded to
the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the specified limit.
B
Alloy Number Chemical Composition Limits for Registered Magnesium Alloys
Others
C
Total
Magne- Alu- Gado- Man- Neo- Rare (Metallic
ASTM UNS Copper Iron Lithium Nickel Silicon Silver Yttrium Zinc Zirconium Impu-
sium minum linium ganese dymium Earths Impurities)
rities
Each
AM100A M10100 remainder 9.3–10.7 0.10 . . . 0.10–0.35 . 0.01 . 0.30 . 0.30 . . 0.30
AZ63A M11630 remainder 5.3–6.7 0.25 . . . 0.15–0.35 . 0.01 . 0.30 . 2.5–3.5 . . 0.30
AZ81A M11810 remainder 7.0–8.1 0.10 . . . 0.13–0.35 . 0.01 . 0.30 . 0.40–1.0 . . 0.30
AZ91C M11914 remainder 8.1–9.3 0.10 . . . 0.13–0.35 . 0.01 . 0.30 . 0.40–1.0 . . 0.30
D
AZ91E M11919 remainder 8.1–9.3 0.015 . 0.005 . 0.17–0.35 . 0.0010 . 0.20 . 0.40–1.0 . 0.01 0.30
AZ92A M11920 remainder 8.3–9.7 0.25 . . . 0.10–0.35 . 0.01 . 0.30 . 1.6–2.4 . . 0.30
E
EQ21A M18330 remainder . 0.05–0.10 . . . . . 0.01 1.5–3.0 . 1.3–1.7 . . 0.40–1.0 . 0.30
F G
EV31A M12310 remainder . 0.01 1.0–1.7 0.010 . . 2.6–3.1 0.0020 0.4 . 0.05 . 0.20–0.50 0.40–1.0 0.01 .
H
EZ33A M12330 remainder . 0.10 . . . . . 0.01 2.5–4.0 . . . 2.0–3.1 0.50–1.0 . 0.30
K1A M18010 remainder . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.40–1.0 . 0.30
E
QE22A M18220 remainder . 0.10 . . . . . 0.01 1.8–2.5 . 2.0–3.0 . . 0.40–1.0 . 0.30
I
WE43A M18430 remainder . 0.03 . 0.01 0.2 0.15 2.0–2.5 0.005 1.9 0.01 3.7–4.3 0.20 0.40–1.0 0.2 .
I J J
WE43B M18432 remainder . 0.02 . 0.010 0.2 0.03 2.0–2.5 0.005 1.9 . 3.7–4.3 0.40–1.0 0.01 .
I
WE54A M18410 remainder . 0.03 . . 0.2 0.03 1.5–2.0 0.005 2.0 0.01 4.75–5.5 0.20 0.40–1.0 0.20 .
ZC63A M16331 remainder . 2.4–3.0 . . . 0.25–0.75 . 0.01 . 0.20 . 5.5–6.5 . . 0.30
H
ZE41A M16410 remainder . 0.10 . . . 0.15 . 0.01 0.75–1.75 . . 3.5–5.0 0.40–1.0 . 0.30
ZK51A M16510 remainder . 0.10 . . . . . 0.01 . . . 3.6–5.5 0.50–1.0 0.30
ZK61A M16610 remainder . 0.10 . . . . . 0.01 . . . 5.5–6.5 0.6–1.0 0.30
A
Limits are in weight % max unless shown as a range or stated otherwise.
B
ASTM alloy designations were established in accordance with Practice B951. UNS designations were established in accordance with Practice E527.
C
Includes listed elements for when no specific limit is shown.
D
If iron exceeds 0.005 %, the Iron to Manganese ratio shall not exceed 0.032.
E
Rare earth elements are in the form of Didymium, with not less than 70 % Neodymium, and the remainder substantially Praseodymium.
F
Alloy EV31A is a patented composition, suitable for elevated temperature applications. Interested parties are invited to submit information regarding the identification of alternatives to these compositions to ASTM
International. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights
asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this specification. Users of this specification are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights,
are entirely their own responsibility.
G
Other Rare Earths may also be present to a total maximum of 0.4 %. These Rare Earths shall principally be Cerium, Lanthanum, and Praseodymium.
H
Total Rare Earths (TRE) are principally a mixture of Cerium, Lanthanum, Neodymium and Praseodymium. The Cerium content should not be less than 45% of TRE.
I
Other Rare Earths shall be principally heavy rare earths, such as, Gadolinium, Dysprosium, Erbium, and Ytterbium. Other Rare Earths are derived from the Yttrium, typically 80 % Yttrium, and 20 % heavy rare earths.
J
Zinc + Silver shall not exceed 0.20 % in WE43B.

B80 − 23
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
E716 Practices for Sampling and Sample Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys for Determination of Chemical
Composition by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
2.3 Federal Standards:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
Fed. Std. No. 184 Identification Marking of Aluminum, Magnesium and Titanium
2.4 Military Standards:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage (Military Agencies)
MIL-STD-276 Impregnation of Porous Non-ferrous Metal Castings
MIL-I-13857 Impregnation of Metal Castings
MIL-M-46062 Magnesium Alloy Castings, High Strength
MIL-M-6857 Heat Treatment of Magnesium Alloy Castings
2.5 ANSI Standard:
ANSI Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 casting lot, n—unless otherwise agreed, shall consist of not more than 1000 lb of cleaned castings from the same melt or
heat, except where this weight limit may be exceeded by a single casting. In such cases, each casting shall be considered a lot.
3.1.2 heat treat lot, n—for the purpose of mechanical property testing, a lot shall consist of all castings heat treated in the same
furnace charge to the same temper.
3.1.3 sand casting, n—metal object produced by pouring molten metal into a sand mold and allowing it to solidify.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for castings under this specification shall include the following information:
4.1.1 Applicable drawing or part number,
4.1.2 Quantity of each casting,
4.1.3 Specification number and title,
4.1.4 Alloy (Section 9 and Table 1),
4.1.5 Temper (Section 11, Table 2 and X1.2),
4.1.6 Whether foundry control is required (Section 8),
4.1.7 Whether test specimens cut from castings are required in addition to, or instead of, separately cast test specimens (Section
12 and Table X1.2),
4.1.8 Whether liquid penetrant inspection is required (15.2),
4.1.9 Whether radiographic inspection is required (15.3),
4.1.10 Whether pressure testing is required (15.4),
4.1.11 Whether source inspection is required (Section 17),
4.1.12 Whether repairs are permissible (Section 19),
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://www.dodssp.daps.mil.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
B80 − 23
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
NOTE 1—For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, each value for tensile strength and yield strength shall be rounded to the
nearest 0.1 ksi and each value for elongation shall be rounded to the nearest 0.5 %, both in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
B
Alloy Number
Tensile Strength, min, Elongation in 2 in., (50.8
Yield Strength (0.2 %
A
Temper
offset), min, ksi (MPa)
ksi (MPa) mm) min, %
ASTM UNS
C
AM100A M10100 T6 35.0(241) 17.0(117)
AZ63A M11630 F 26.0(179) 11.0(76) 4
T4 34.0(234) 11.0(76) 7
T5 26.0(179) 12.0(83) 2
T6 34.0(234) 16.0(110) 3
AZ81A M11810 T4 34.0(234) 11.0(76) 7
C
AZ91C M11914 F 23.0(158) 11.0(76)
T4 34.0(234) 11.0(76) 7
T5 23.0(158) 12.0(83) 2
T6 34.0(234) 16.0(110) 3
AZ91E M11919 T6 34.0(234) 16.0(110) 3
C
AZ92A M11920 F 23.0(158) 11.0(76)
T4 34.0(234) 11.0(76) 6
C
T5 23.0(158) 12.0(83)
T6 34.0(234) 18.0(124) 1
EQ21A M18330 T6 34.0(234) 25.0(172) 2
EV31A M12310 T6 36.0(248) 21.0(145) 2
EZ33A M12330 T5 20.0(138) 14.0(96) 2
K1A M18010 F 24.0(165) 6.0(41) 14
QE22A M18220 T6 35.0(241) 25.0(172) 2
WE43A M18430 T6 32.0(221) 25.0(172) 2
WE43B M18432 T6 32.0(221) 25.0(172) 2
WE54A M18410 T6 37.0(255) 26.0(179) 2
ZC63A M16331 T6 28.0(193) 18.0(124) 2
ZE41A M16410 T5 29.0(200) 19.5(133) 2.5
ZK51A M16510 T5 34.0(234) 20.0(138) 5
ZK61A M16610 T6 40.0(276) 26.0(179) 5
A
These temper designations were established in accordance with Practice B296.
B
See X1.4.1.
C
Not required.
4.1.13 Whether chemical analysis and mechanical property reports or certifications, or both, are required (Section 20), and
4.1.14 Whether special packaging is required for shipment (Section 22).
5. Responsibility for Quality Assurance
5.1 Responsibility for Inspection—Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the supplier is responsible for the
performance of all inspection requirements as specified herein. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or order, the supplier
may use his own or any other facilities suitable for the performance of the inspection requirements specified herein, unless
disapproved by the purchaser. The purchaser reserves the right to perform any of the inspections set forth in the specification where
such inspections are deemed necessary to ensure supplies and services conform to prescribed requirements.
6. Material Requirements
6.1 Unless otherwise specified, only magnesium alloy ingots or producer’s foundry scrap conforming to Specification B93/B93M
shall be used for pouring castings. Additions of small amounts of grain refining elements and material for melt process losses are
permitted.
6.2 Pure materials and master alloys may be used provided chemical analysis verifying conformance to Table 1 is done prior to
pouring any castings.
7. Manufacture
7.1 The responsibility of furnishing castings that can be laid out and machined to the finished dimensions within the permissible
variations specified, as shown on the blueprints or drawings, shall rest with the supplier, except when pattern equipment is
furnished by the purchaser. Sufficient stock shall be allowed for shrinkage, and where requested, for finishing; but castings of
excessive weight shall not be furnished.
B80 − 23
7.2 The castings may be subjected to such heat treatment as deemed necessary to produce material that will conform to the
requirements specified. Heat treatment shall be performed on the whole of a casting, never on a part only, and shall be applied in
a manner that will produce the utmost uniformity.
8. Foundry Control
8.1 When specified, castings shall be produced under foundry control approved by the purchaser. Foundry control shall consist
of examination of the castings by radiographic or other approved methods for determining internal discontinuities until the gating,
pouring, and other foundry practices have been established to produce castings meeting the quality standards set by purchaser or
agreed to between the purchaser and the producer. When foundry practices have been so established, the production method shall
not be significantly changed without demonstrating to the satisfaction of the purchaser that the change does not adversely affect
the quality of the castings. Minor changes in pouring temperature of 650°F650 °F from the established nominal temperature are
permissible.
9. Chemical Composition Requirements
9.1 Limits—The castings shall conform to the chemical composition limits prescribed in Table 1. Conformance shall be
determined by analyzing samples taken when the castings are poured, or by analyzing samples taken from the finished product.
If the chemical composition has been determined during the course of manufacture, sampling and analysis of the finished product
shall not be necessary.
10. Sampling for Chemical Composition
10.1 For determination of chemical composition, one sample of each casting lot shall be taken in accordance with Practice E88
for chemical analysis or Practice E716 for spectrochemical analysis.
10.1.1 Samples for other methods of chemical analysis shall be suitable for the form of material being analyzed and the type of
analytical method used. In case of dispute, analyses should be made by methods given in Methods E35.
11. Heat Treatment
11.1 Unless otherwise specified, heat treatment for the applicable tempers designated in Tables 2 and X1.2 shall be in accordance
with Military Specification MIL-M-6857 or Practice B661. Heat treatment shall be performed on the whole casting and never on
a portion.
11.2 Each heat treat furnace charge shall contain at least one set of test bars of the same composition range as the castings. The
satisfactory heat treatment of the furnace charge shall be determined by the results from these test bars, which must conform to
the requirements of Table 2 or Table X1.2 where required.
12. Tensile Requirements
12.1 Limits—The tension test specimens representing the castings shall conform to the requirements of Table 2.
12.2 Number of Tests—At least one tension test specimen shall be tested from each casting lot, or fraction thereof, to represent
the castings poured from the same melt. If the castings are to be heat treated, the specimens shall be heat treated with production
castings of the same alloy and in the same temper as the specimens. The specimens shall then be tested to judge the ability of their
corresponding melts to respond to the type of heat treatment to which the specimens were subjected.
12.2.1 Test Specimens—The tension test specimens shall be separately cast in the system sand mix in use and shall be cast to size
in accordance with the dimensions shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.
12.2.1.1 Placing chills within the gauge length (center portion that is 0.500 in. diameter in Figs. 1 and 2) is not allowed as it will
produce mechanical properties not characteristic of the alloy.
12.3 When specified, the tensile strength and yield strength values of specimens cut from castings shall conform to Table X1.2.
Elongation values shall not be less than 25 % of the values specified in Table 2.
B80 − 23
Metric Equivalents
in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm
7 3
0.500 12.70 ⁄8 22.2 1 ⁄8 34.9 3 76.2
5 1
0.510 12.95 1 25.4 1 ⁄8 41.37 3 ⁄4 82.5
3 1
⁄8 9.5 1 ⁄8 28.6 2 50.8 6 152.4
1 1 3 3
⁄2 12.7 1 ⁄4 31.8 2 ⁄4 69.8 9 ⁄16 233.4
⁄8 15.9
FIG. 1 AFS Test Bar for Sand-Cast Magnesium Alloys
12.3.1 When tensile properties of castings are to be determined, tension test specimens shall be cut from the locations designated
on the drawing. If no locations are designated, specimens shall be taken from each test casting to include at least one from the
thinnest and one from thickest section of the casting. At least three specimens are required.
12.3.2 The machined tension test specimen shall be the standard 0.500-in. diameter specimen or the largest smaller size specimen
proportional to the standard specimen shown in Fig. 8 of Test Methods B557.
12.3.3 Where a round specimen is not feasible a standard ⁄2 in. wide rectangular specimen shown in Fig. 6 of Test Methods B557
may be used, but in no case shall its area be less than that of the sub size ⁄4 in. wide specimen.
12.4 If any tension test specimen is improperly machined or shows flaws upon testing, it may be discarded and another specimen
for the same heat or melt used instead. If no additional specimen is available, the supplier and the purchaser shall agree on an
alternative procedure.
B80 − 23
NOTE 1—This test bar mold is particularly suitable for those magnesium alloys containing Zr.
FIG. 2 Proposed Gating System for ASTM Magnesium Test Bars
12.5 Test Methods—The tension tests shall be made in accordance with Test Methods B557.
12.6 Mechanical properties at 400 to 500°F—500 °F—Alloys EQ21A, EV31A, EZ33A, QE22A, WE54A, WE43A and WE43B
shall be capable of meeting the requirements shown in Table X1.2 when tested in the following manner. Tensile test specimens
shall be heated to 400 to 500°F 6 5°F,500 °F 6 5 °F, as applicable, held for 10 min before testing and loaded at this temperature
at a rate of 0.005 in./in./min up to the yield strength, and at a rate of 0.10 in./in./min above the yield strength.
13. Special Test Methods
13.1 When the castings have critical functional requirements, special tests to simulate the stress conditions incurred in service may
be requested. The requirements and methods of these tests shall be as agreed upon between the producer and the purchaser.
14. Finish
14.1 The finished castings shall be uniform in quality, free of injurious blowholes, porosity, shrinkage, cracks, and other
discontinuities except as designated and agreed upon as acceptable by the purchaser.
14.2 Prior to shipment, castings shall be coated with a light corrosion-inhibiting oil, unless chrome pickling is required by the
purchaser (see X1.5).
B80 − 23
15. Foundry Inspection
15.1 Requirements of surface finish parting lines, and removal of gates and risers may be checked visually. It is advisable to have
mutually agreed upon observational standards to represent acceptable material.
15.2 Liquid Penetrant Inspection:
15.2.1 When specified liquid penetrant inspection shall be in accordance with Practice E165, and the required sensitivity shall be
specified.
15.2.2 Acceptance standards for discontinuities shall be agreed upon, including size and frequency per unit area and location.
15.3 Radiographic Inspection:
15.3.1 When specified, radiographic inspection shall be in accordance with Guide E94 and Reference Radiographs E155 to
determine soundness. Areas of the casting subject to soundness requirements shall be specified by the purchaser. It is advisable
to document an agreed upon radiographic technique including source parameters, film size, and orientation of the radiographs.
15.3.2 Radiographic acceptance shall be in accordance with requirements selected from Table 3. Any modifications of this table
and the frequency per unit area and location should also be agreed upon between the producer and purchaser.
15.4 When specified, the castings shall be subject to hydrostatic or aerostatic pressure as required. Acceptance pressure and
allowable leak rates shall be specified by the purchaser. (Warning—Take appropriate safety precautions to protect inspectors prior
to any pressure application.)
16. Sampling for Foundry Inspection
16.1 For the purpose of visual and dimensional examination, casting lots may be combined up to a maximum of 5000 lbs. From
this accumulated lot, a sample shall be selected at random in accordance with the tables of ANSI Z1.4 at inspection level II, with
lot acceptance and rejection based on acceptable quality level (AQL) equal to 1.5 % defective. When the accumulation of lots is
not practical, the sample shall be selected from each casting lot. Samples selected for dimensional examination may be the same
as those selected for visual examination, but the determination of acceptance or rejection shall not be based on the cumulative
sample for both characteristics.
16.2 For the purpose of liquid penetrant or radiographic inspection, a random sample of castings shall be selected from each
casting lot. The number of castings selected shall be in accordance with ANSI Z1.4 at inspection quality level II with lot acceptance
and rejection based on AQL of 0.65 % defective.
16.3 Sampling for hydrostatic and aerostatic pressure tests shall be as specified by the purchaser.
16.4 Modifications of the above sampling pl
...