ASTM D4772-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Surface Water Absorption of Terry Fabrics (Water Flow)
Standard Test Method for Surface Water Absorption of Terry Fabrics (Water Flow)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used to test the surface water absorption of terry fabrics for bath towels, bath sheets, hand towels, kitchen towels, dishcloths, washcloths, beachwear, bathrobes, and the like. Different specifications may be needed for each of these fabrics because of different applications.
It is recognized that surface water absorption is only one of the characteristics that the ultimate consumer may use in determining which terry fabric is acceptable. Consult Specification D 5433 for other characteristics that may be applicable to terry fabrics.
This test method is recommended for quality control testing of terry fabrics during manufacturing and product comparisons of different terry fabrics by manufacturers, retailers, and users.
This test method may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of terry fabrics, but caution is advised since interlaboratory precision is known to be poor. Comparative tests as directed in 5.4.1 may be advisable.
In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of laboratory sampling units (such as towels) that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The laboratory sampling units should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical analysis for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future t...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the ability of a terry fabric to rapidly absorb and retain liquid water from surfaces such as human skin, dishes, and furniture.
1.2 This test method is not applicable to non-terry fabrics such as huck towels, waffle-weave towels, crash towels, flour-sack towels, and nonwoven wipes. The steep angle of the specimen on the apparatus may cause a large amount of water to runoff these non-pile fabrics, or the lightweight/open structure of these fabrics may allow a large amount of water to completely pass through the specimen; thus the test result may not be a valid measure of a non-terry fabric's ability to absorb water.
1.3 This test method is not applicable to decorative terry fabrics that will not be used to absorb water from surfaces.
1.4 This test method is written in SI units. The inch-pound units that are provided are not necessarily exact equivalents of the SI units. Either system of units may be used in this test method. In case of referee decisions the SI units will prevail.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4772–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Surface Water Absorption of Terry Fabrics (Water Flow)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4772; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling forApparel,
Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products
1.1 This test method determines the ability of a terry fabric
D5433 Performance Specification for Towel Products for
to rapidly absorb and retain liquid water from surfaces such as
3
Institutional and Household Use
human skin, dishes, and furniture.
2.2 AATCC Standard:
1.2 This test method is not applicable to non-terry fabrics
Test Method 135 Dimensional Changes inAutomatic Home
such as huck towels, waffle-weave towels, crash towels,
4
Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics
flour-sack towels, and nonwoven wipes. The steep angle of the
specimen on the apparatus may cause a large amount of water
3. Terminology
to runoff these non-pile fabrics, or the lightweight/open struc-
3.1 Definitions:
ture of these fabrics may allow a large amount of water to
3.1.1 absorption, n—a process in which one material (the
completely pass through the specimen; thus the test result may
absorbent) takes in or absorbs another (the absorbate); as the
not be a valid measure of a non-terry fabric’s ability to absorb
absorption of moisture by fibers.
water.
3.1.2 pile, n—in pile fabric, the raised loops or tufts (cut
1.3 This test method is not applicable to decorative terry
loops) that form all or part of the surface.
fabrics that will not be used to absorb water from surfaces.
3.1.3 surface water absorption, n—by a fabric, the process
1.4 This test method is written in SI units. The inch-pound
of removing liquid water from a surface such as human skin,
units that are provided are not necessarily exact equivalents of
dishes, or furniture.
the SI units. Either system of units may be used in this test
3.1.4 terry fabric, n—a material with a woven warp pile or
method. In case of referee decisions the SI units will prevail.
a knitted pile, with uncut loops on a single side or uncut loops
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
on both sides, and which is used for such products as toweling,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
beachwear, and bathrobes.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.5 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
method, refer to Terminologies D123 and D3136.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
2 4.1 Aterry fabric product with hems or with both hems and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
selvages (such as a bath towel), or a terry fabric without hems
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
or without both hems and selvages (such as a terry fabric cut
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
from a roll) is prepared for testing by preconditioning and
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
conditioning. Specimens are placed one at a time in an
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
embroidery hoop and then the hoop/specimen assembly is
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
3 placed at an angle on the base of the apparatus. After water
Textiles
flows down the surface of each specimen, the amount of water
retained by each specimen is measured. Six specimens are
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
tested, three on the face of the fabric and three on the back of
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
the fabric. The six observations are averaged to determine the
General
surface water absorption of the fabric.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally
´1
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4772 – 97(2008) .
DOI: 10.1520/D4772-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
on www.astm.org. www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D4772–97 (Reapproved 2008) Designation:D4772–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Surface Water Absorption of Terry Fabrics (Water Flow)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4772; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Minor editorial corrections were made throughout in October 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the ability of a terry fabric to rapidly absorb and retain liquid water from surfaces such as
human skin, dishes, and furniture.
1.2 This test method is not applicable to non-terry fabrics such as huck towels, waffle-weave towels, crash towels, flour-sack
towels, and nonwoven wipes. The steep angle of the specimen on the apparatus may cause a large amount of water to runoff these
non-pile fabrics, or the lightweight/open structure of these fabrics may allow a large amount of water to completely pass through
the specimen; thus the test result may not be a valid measure of a non-terry fabric’s ability to absorb water.
1.3 This test method is not applicable to decorative terry fabrics that will not be used to absorb water from surfaces.
1.4 This test method is written in SI units. The inch-pound units that are provided are not necessarily exact equivalents of the
SI units. Either system of units may be used in this test method. In case of referee decisions the SI units will prevail.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
D 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles
D 3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel, Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products
D 5433 Performance Specification for Towel Products for Institutional and Household Use
2.2 AATCC Standard:
3
Test Method 135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 absorption, n—a process in which one material (the absorbent) takes in or absorbs another (the absorbate); as the
absorption of moisture by fibers.
3.1.2 pile, n—in pile fabric, the raised loops or tufts (cut loops) that form all or part of the surface.
3.1.3 surface water absorption, n—by a fabric, the process of removing liquid water from a surface such as human skin, dishes,
or furniture.
3.1.4 terry fabric, n—a material with a woven warp pile or a knitted pile, with uncut loops on a single side or uncut loops on
both sides, and which is used for such products as toweling, beachwear, and bathrobes.
3.1.5 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminologies D 123 and D 3136.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A terry fabric product with hems or with both hems and selvages (such as a bath towel), or a terry fabric without hems or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on FabricTest Methods, General
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4772–88(2004).
´1
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 4772 – 97(2008) .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website
3
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D4772–09
without both hems and selvages (such as a terry fabric cut from a roll) is p
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