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ASTM D6072/D6072M-09

(Guide)

Standard Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Standard Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a procedure by which samples of GCL should be obtained for laboratory testing. The practice applies to materials obtained prior to installation (either at a job site or at a production facility) or exhumed material after installation.
Only GCL samples obtained in accordance with 5.1 of this practice will be considered representative of the actual manufactured GCL for quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) purposes..
The quantity of GCL received by the laboratory should be sufficient for the preparation of several representative test specimens for the standardized physical, hydraulic, and mechanical tests to be performed on the GCLs.
The procedures in this practice should be used by plant and field personnel for obtaining GCL samples for laboratory testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) for the purpose of laboratory testing. These procedures are designed to ensure that representative samples are obtained and properly packaged for submittal to a testing laboratory.
1.2 The procedures in this practice may be applied to either samples of unhydrated GCLs obtained at the project site prior to installation (or at the production facility, prior to shipment to the project site) or samples exhumed from a project site after installation.
1.3 It is assumed that the number  of samples to be obtained has already been determined in the project specification, standard test method, or by prior agreement between the purchaser and seller. This practice covers only the methods for obtaining a pre-arranged number of samples and does not describe methods for obtaining individual specimens from the sample.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2009
ICS
13.080.99 - Other standards related to soil quality
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6072-08 - Standard Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D6072/D6072M-09(2015) - Standard Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Effective Date
01-Jan-2015
Referred By
ASTM D6243/D6243M-20 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the Direct Shear Method
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6496/D6496M-23a - Standard Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6141-18(2022) - Standard Guide for Screening Clay Portion and Index Flux of Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) for Chemical Compatibility to Liquids
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6768/D6768M-20 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6495/D6495M-18(2022) - Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8204-18(2022) - Standard Practice for Burial and Retrieval of Samples in a Test Pad to Evaluate Installation Effects on Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6072/D6072M − 09
StandardPractice for
1
Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6072/D6072M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil
Samples
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling geosyn-
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
thetic clay liners (GCLs) for the purpose of laboratory testing.
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
These procedures are designed to ensure that representative
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
samples are obtained and properly packaged for submittal to a
D5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic
testing laboratory.
Clay Liners
1.2 The procedures in this practice may be applied to either
samples of unhydrated GCLs obtained at the project site prior
3. Terminology
toinstallation(orattheproductionfacility,priortoshipmentto
3.1 Definitions:
the project site) or samples exhumed from a project site after
3.1.1 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n—a manufactured
installation.
hydraulic barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers
1.3 It is assumed that the number of samples to be obtained
of geosynthetics.
has already been determined in the project specification,
3.1.2 sample, n—a portion of a material which is taken for
standard test method, or by prior agreement between the
testing or for record purposes (See Practice D4354).
purchaser and seller. This practice covers only the methods for
obtaining a pre-arranged number of samples and does not 3.1.3 specimen, n—a specific portion of a material or
laboratory sample upon which a test is performed or which is
describe methods for obtaining individual specimens from the
taken for that purpose (See Practice D4354).
sample.
3.1.4 For definitions of other geosynthetic terms used in this
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in practice, refer to Terminology D4439.
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining 4. Significance and Use
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
4.1 This practice provides a procedure by which samples of
with the standard.
GCL should be obtained for laboratory testing. The practice
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
appliestomaterialsobtainedpriortoinstallation(eitheratajob
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
site or at a production facility) or exhumed material after
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
installation.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 Only GCL samples obtained in accordance with 5.1 of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
this practice will be considered representative of the actual
manufactured GCL for quality assurance/quality control (QA/
2. Referenced Documents
QC) purposes.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.3 The quantity of GCL received by the laboratory should
be sufficient for the preparation of several representative test
specimens for the standardized physical, hydraulic, and me-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD35 on Geosyn-
chanical tests to be performed on the GCLs.
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic
Clay Liners.
4.4 The procedures in this practice should be used by plant
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
and field personnel for obtaining GCL samples for laboratory
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6072–08. DOI:
testing.
10.1520/D6072-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5. Procedure
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.1 Obtaining Samples prior to Installation:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6072/D6072M − 09
5.1.1 In accordance with the project specifications or with 5.1.13 Samples should be transmitted to the laboratory in a
Practice D4354, divide the shipment or other given quantity of manner that minimizes the amount elapsed time, sample
GCL into lots, and select lot and laboratory samples. This will handling, disturbances (such as moisture, vibration, impact,
u
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6072–08 Designation: D6072/D6072M – 09
Standard Practice for
1
Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6072/D6072M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) for the purpose of laboratory testing. These
procedures are designed to ensure that representative samples are obtained and properly packaged for submittal to a testing
laboratory.
1.2 The procedures in this practice may be applied to either samples of unhydrated GCLs obtained at the project site prior to
installation (or at the production facility, prior to shipment to the project site) or samples exhumed from a project site after
installation.
1.3 It is assumed that the number of samples to be obtained has already been determined in the project specification, standard
test method, or by prior agreement between the purchaser and seller. This practice covers only the methods for obtaining a
pre-arranged number of samples and does not describe methods for obtaining individual specimens from the sample.
1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil Samples
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n—a manufactured hydraulic barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of
geosynthetics.
3.1.2 sample, n—a portion of a material which is taken for testing or for record purposes (See Practice D4354).
3.1.3 specimen, n—a specific portion of a material or laboratory sample upon which a test is performed or which is taken for
that purpose (See Practice D4354).
3.1.4 For definitions of other geosynthetic terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D4439.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice provides a procedure by which samples of GCLshould be obtained for laboratory testing.The practice applies
to materials obtained prior to installation (either at a job site or at a production facility) or exhumed material after installation.
4.2 Only GCL samples obtained in accordance with 5.1 of this practice will be considered representative of the actual
manufactured GCL for quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) purposes.
4.3 The quantity of GCL received by the laboratory should be sufficient for the preparation of several representative test
specimens for the standardized physical, hydraulic, and mechanical tests to be performed on the GCLs.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay Liners.
Current edition approved JulyNov. 1, 2008.2009. Published September 2008.December 2009. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20022008
as D6072–96(2002).D6072–08. DOI: 10.1520/D6072-089.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6072/D6072M – 09
4.4 TheproceduresinthispracticeshouldbeusedbyplantandfieldpersonnelforobtainingGCLsamplesforlaboratorytesting.
5. Procedure
5.1 Obtaining Samples prior to Installation:
5.1.1
...

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Standard Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a procedure by which samples of GCL should be obtained for laboratory testing. The practice applies to materials obtained prior to installation (either at a job site or at a production facility) or exhumed material after installation.  
4.2 Only GCL samples obtained in accordance with 5.1 of this practice will be considered representative of the actual manufactured GCL for quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) purposes.  
4.3 The quantity of GCL received by the laboratory should be sufficient for the preparation of several representative test specimens for the standardized physical, hydraulic, and mechanical tests to be performed on the GCLs.  
4.4 The procedures in this practice should be used by plant and field personnel for obtaining GCL samples for laboratory testing.
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) for the purpose of laboratory testing. These procedures are designed to ensure that representative samples are obtained and properly packaged for submittal to a testing laboratory.  
1.2 The procedures in this practice may be applied to either samples of unhydrated GCLs obtained at the project site prior to installation (or at the production facility, prior to shipment to the project site) or samples exhumed from a project site after installation.  
1.3 It is assumed that the number of samples to be obtained has already been determined in the project specification, standard test method, or by prior agreement between the purchaser and seller. This practice covers only the methods for obtaining a pre-arranged number of samples and does not describe methods for obtaining individual specimens from the sample.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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5.3 During sample collection, storage, and transfer, there is very limited exposure of the sample to the atmosphere.  
5.4 Laboratory subsampling is not required for samples collected following this guide. The sample is expelled directly from the coring body/storage chamber into the appropriate container for analysis, or preservation, at the analytical laboratory without disrupting the integrity of the sample. Subsampling from the disposable handheld soil core sampler should not be performed to obtain smaller sample sizes for analysis.  
5.5 This guide specifies sample storage in the disposable handheld soil core sampler at 4 ± 2°C for up to 48 h.  
5.6 This guide does not use methanol preservation or other chemical preservatives in the field. As a result, there are no problems associated with flammability hazards, shipping restrictions, or dilution of samples containing low volatile concentrations due to solvents being added to samples in the field.  
5.7 The disposable handheld soil core samplers are single-use devices. They should not be cleaned or reused.  
5.8 This disposable handheld soil core samplers cannot be used for collecting cemented material, consolidated material, or material having fragments wider than the mouth of the device or coa...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for application to soils that may contain volatile organic compounds.  
1.2 This guide provides a general procedure and considerations associated with using a disposable handheld soil core sampler to collect and temporarily store a soil sample for volatile organic analysis.  
1.3 In general, an initial soil sample is collected (see Guides D6169/D6169M and D6282/D6282M) and the disposable handheld soil core sampler is then used to collect the 5 or 25 g soil sample from the initial soil core sample. The disposable handheld soil core sampler can also serve as a sample storage chamber. It is recommended that this standard be used in conjunction with Guides D4547, D4687, D6169/D6169M, D6232, D6282/D6282M, D6418, and D6640, as appropriate, which provide information on the collection of the initial soil core sample.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.6 This standard doe...

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ASTM
ASTM D8199-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Specific Strength of Hydraulically Applied Fiber Matrix Products for Erosion Control

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Specific strength is a measure of the ability of a fiber matrix product to withstand force applied by a tensile machine and is useful to understand in order to produce quality products. Specific strength is frequently related to the matrix density, fiber quality, fiber length and chemistry and can be used as a measurement for quality assurance or quality control, or both requirements.  
5.2 This method may not be applicable to all hydraulically applied fiber matrix products due to variations in product chemistry.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
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1.1 This standard provides a quantitative test method to determine the specific strength of hydraulically applied fiber matrix products using dry and wet preparation methods in a laboratory setting. This method is designed for use as an index test for product quality assurance or quality control, or both to comply with manufacturing requirements. This test method is not indicative of product performance in the field.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6286/D6286M-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Drilling and Direct Push Methods for Geotechnical and Environmental Subsurface Site Characterization

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The 1998 edition of this standard was written solely for selection of drilling methods for environmental applications and specifically for installation of groundwater monitoring wells. The second revision was made to include geotechnical applications since many of the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations discussed extensively throughout this document also apply to geotechnical design use such as data collection (sampling and in-situ testing) for construction design and instrumentation. Besides installation of monitoring wells (D5092/D5092M, D6724/D6724M), Environmental investigations are also made for sampling, in-situ testing, and installation of aquifer testing boreholes (D4044/D4044M, D4050).  
4.2 There are other guides for geotechnical investigations addressing drilling methods such as in Eurocode (1, 2)5, U.S. Federal Highway Administration, (3, 4), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, (5), and U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (6, 7). An authoritative Handbook on Environmental Site Characterization and Ground-Water Monitoring was compiled by Nielsen (8) which addresses drilling methods in detail including the advent of Direct Push methods developed for environmental investigations. Two other major drilling guides have been written by the National Drilling Association (9) and from the Australia Drilling Industry Training Committee (10) and these guides are user for the drillers.  
4.3 Table 1 lists sixteen classes of methods addressed in this guide. The selection of particular method(s) for drilling/push boring requires that specific characteristics of each site be considered. This guide is intended to make the user aware of some of the various drilling/push boring methods available and the applications, advantages, and disadvantages of each with respect to determining geotechnical and environmental exploration. (A) Actual achievable drilled depths will vary depending on the ambient geohydrologic conditions existing at the site and size of drilling/push boring e...
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1.1 This guide provides descriptions of various methods for site characterization along with advantages and disadvantages associated with each method discussed. This guide is intended to aid in the selection of drilling method(s) for geotechnical and environmental soil and rock borings for sampling, testing, and installation of wells, or other instrumentation. It does not address drilling for foundation improvement, drinking water wells, or special horizontal drilling techniques for utilities.  
1.2 This guide cannot address all possible subsurface conditions that may occur such as, geologic, topographic, climatic, or anthropogenic. Site evaluation for engineering, design, and construction purposes is addressed in Guide D420. Soil and rock sampling in drill holes is addressed in Guide D6169/D6169M. Pertinent guides and practices addressing specific drilling methods, equipment, and procedures are listed in Section 2. Guide D5730 provides information on most all aspects of environmental site characterization.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units (given in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address all methods and the issues associated with drilling for geotechnical and environmental purposes. Users should seek qualified professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be most successful for their site investigation. Other methods may be available for these methods and qualified professionals should have flexibility to exercise judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this guide. The guide is current at the time of issue, but new alternative methods may become available prior ...

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ASTM
ASTM E3242-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Determination of Representative Sediment Background Concentrations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Intended Use: This guide may be used by various parties involved in sediment corrective action programs, including regulatory agencies, project sponsors, environmental consultants, toxicologists, risk assessors, site remediation professionals, environmental contractors, and other stakeholders.  
4.2 Related ASTM Standards: This guide is related to Guide E3164, which addresses corrective action monitoring before, during, and after sediment remediation activities; as well as Guide E3163, concerning sediment analytical techniques used during sediment programs.  
4.3 Use of Representative Background to Set a Boundary: Representative background concentrations for sediments can be used to delineate a sediment corrective action, establishing the boundary of the sediment corrective action by distinguishing site-related impacts from representative background concentrations.  
4.4 Use of Representative Background to Establish Cleanup Levels: Representative background concentrations for sediments can also be used to establish cleanup levels for use in sediment corrective actions. In cases where risk-based sediment cleanup levels are below representative background concentrations, background concentrations are typically used as the cleanup level. This ensures that the cleanup levels are sustainable. Any recontamination from ongoing sources will eventually result in surface sediment concentrations greater than the risk-based cleanup level, but the surface sediment should still meet a cleanup level based on representative background concentrations, even after recontamination.  
4.5 Use of Representative Background in Risk Assessments: Representative background concentrations can be used in the risk assessment process (including human and ecological risk assessments) to understand risks posed by background levels of contaminants to human health and the environment, and the incremental risks posed by site-related releases and/or activities that result in sediment concentrat...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide focuses on the approach for determination of representative sediment background concentrations used for remedial actions performed under various regulatory programs, including the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Although many of the references cited in this guide are CERCLA oriented, the guide is applicable to remedial actions performed under local, state, federal, and international cleanup programs. However, the guide does not describe requirements for each jurisdiction. The requirements for the regulatory entity under which the cleanup is performed should be reviewed to confirm compliance.  
1.2 This guide provides a framework, including specific statistical and geochemical considerations, as well as case studies, demonstrating the approach to determine representative sediment background concentrations. This guide is intended to inform, complement, and support, but not supersede, local, state, federal, or international regulations.  
1.2.1 This guide does not address methods and means of data collection (Guide E3163, Guide E3164.)  
1.2.2 This guide is designed to apply to contaminated sediment sites where sediment data have been collected and are readily available. Additionally, this guide assumes that risk assessments have been performed, so that the contaminants/chemicals of interest that exceed risk-based thresholds have been identified.  
1.2.3 Furthermore, this guide presumes that risk-based thresholds identified are low enough to pose corrective action implementation challenges, and/or the site is subject to recontamination from ongoing anthropogenic and/or natural sources that are not controlled. In both cases, representative sediment background concentrations will be useful for determining the extent of corrective remedial actions (when used as remedial goals), evaluating risks posed by representative background concentrations, and establishing...

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ASTM
ASTM D8151-19e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Obtaining Rainfall Runoff from Unvegetated Rolled and Hydraulic Erosion Control Products (RECPs and HECPs) for Acute Ecotoxicity Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A large number of erosion control product manufacturers produce a variety of RECPs and HECPs that are designed to be applied to any land surface to stabilize soils and prevent erosion. Many of these products are engineered to absorb moisture and remain in place even under extreme rainfall events and are composed of substances that could go into solution with runoff. Based on the characteristics of these products and their intended and actual use in the environment, the most likely scenario through which aquatic organisms would be exposed to these products or their soluble components is through storm water runoff. Further, because such runoff events typically last for minutes to hours rather than days, use of acute (48 h) toxicity testing methodology is appropriate to model expected environment exposures.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the guidelines, requirements, and procedures for obtaining rainfall runoff of unvegetated rolled and hydraulic erosion control products (RECPs and HECPs) during bench-scale conditions from simulated rainfall to be sent out for acute ecotoxicity testing.  
1.2 This practice obtains unvegetated erosion control product (ECP) runoff from rainsplash-induced erosion under bench-scale conditions using bench-scale collection procedures.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Dev...

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