ASTM D584-10(2018)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D584 − 10 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Wool Content of Raw Wool—Laboratory Scale
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D584; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope for Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool Fiber
Present
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for the
D1113 Test Method for Vegetable Matter and Other Alkali-
determinationofthewoolbasecontentandthecleanwoolfiber
Insoluble Impurities in Scoured Wool
present in samples of raw wool. This test method is also
D1334 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool—
applicable to other animal fibers such as mohair, cashmere,
Commercial Scale (Withdrawn 2018)
alpaca, and camel hair.
D2525 Practice for Sampling Wool for Moisture
NOTE 1—Sampling of lots of raw wool in packages is covered in
D2720 Practice for Calculation of Commercial Weight and
Practice D1060; the determination of vegetable matter and other alkali-
Yield of Scoured Wool, Top, and Noil for Various Com-
insolubleimpuritiesinscouredwooliscoveredinTestMethod D1113;the
mercial Compositions
determination of wool content on a commercial scale is covered in Test
D4845 Terminology Relating to Wool
Method D1334. For factors for the conversion of woolbase content to its
equivalent in terms of scoured wool, top, or noil of various commercially
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
specified compositions (formerly covered in the appendix of this test
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
method), refer to Practice D2720.
peratures)
NOTE 2—Because of the trade practice the term weight is used in this
test method instead of the technically correct term mass. 2.2 Other Standard:
IWTO-19-85 (E) Method for the Determination of Wool
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Base, Vegetable Matter Base; IWTO Clean Wool Content;
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
IWTO Scoured Yield in Raw Wool
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.13, Wool and Wool
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Felt, refer to Terminology D4845.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
clean wool fiber present, other alkali-insoluble impurities,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
oven-dried, raw wool, vegetable matter base, vegetable matter
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
present, wool base, yield.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
method, refer to Terminology D123.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The entire sample, or each test specimen drawn there-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
from in a specified manner, is weighed, scoured, dried, and
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles reweighed. The oven-dry scoured wool is tested to determine
D1060 PracticeforCoreSamplingofRawWoolinPackages
its content of alcohol-extractable matter, mineral matter (ash),
vegetable matter base, and other alkali-insoluble impurities.
The wool-base content, laboratory scoured yield, clean wool
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles fiber present, and vegetable matter present are calculated as
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
percentages of the mass of the raw wool sample.
Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approved
in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D584 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/
D0584-10R18.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Specifications of Test Methods, International Wool Textile Organization,
the ASTM website. International Wool Secretariat, Ilkley, West Yorkshire, U.K. LS298PB.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D584 − 10 (2018)
5. Significance and Use 6. Apparatus
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
6.1 Subsampling Equipment—A cylindrical or rectangular
tance testing of commercial shipments since this test method
chamber having a sliding cover plate by means of which wool
has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
inthechambermaybecompressed,andopeningsinthebottom
5.1.1 In case of dispute arising from differences in reported
plate through which cores may be bored with a sampling tube
test results when using Test Method D584 for acceptance
approximately12mmininsidediameter.Theopeningsshallbe
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
about 18 mm in diameter and spaced uniformly on 40 to
plier should conduct comparative testing to determine if there
50-mm centers over the entire plate. The volume of the
is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
chamber must be sufficient to contain the sample, but the
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
relative dimensions are optional. For greasy wool samples
bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
weighing 10 kg, a chamber 300 by 300 by 700 mm is
specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are
satisfactory. A replaceable inner lining of soft wood or similar
from a lot of the type material in question. The test specimens
material for the sliding cover plate is recommended to avoid
should then be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory
damage to the cutting edge of the sampling tube.
for testing. The average results from the two laboratories
6.1.1 Sampling Tube—Similar to that used to obtain core
should be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data
samples, as described in Practice D1060.
and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties
6.2 Scouring Equipment—A scouring bowl with
before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must
accessories, and a flotation jar.
be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must
6.2.1 Scouring Bowl—Arectangular or cylindrical vessel of
agree to interpret future test results in the light of known bias.
30 to 50-L capacity, with an attached drain board. The lower
5.2 The wool-base content of wool in any condition or form
portion of the bowl is in the shape of an inverted pyramid or
is a basic quantity. From it may be calculated commercial
conethatisconnectedtoasliding-diskvalveandashortlength
masses or yields in any of the various recognized defined
of drain pipe. At the bottom of the bowl, above the valve and
systems used in international commerce (Note 1).
drain pipe, is a close-fitting, removable perforated plate
5.2.1 The procedures for determining the wool base content
(6.2.1.1). The drain pipe is centered over a No. 200 (75-µm)
of greasy wool provided in this test method and in IWTO
sieve, 120 to 200 mm in diameter, supported in a catch-basin.
Method 19-85(E) are in essential agreement.
6.2.1.1 Two Plates, one with 1 to 2-mm openings, the other
NOTE 3—This is not true for scoured wool, as IWTO Method 19-85(E)
similar plate covered on its upper surface with No. 100
does not require rescouring of scoured wool containing less than 5 %
(150-µm) woven wire cloth.
residual grease.
6.2.1.2 Thermostatic Device, capable of delivering water to
5.3 Not all of the wool base present in a lot of raw wool can
the scouring bowl at a desired temperature with a tolerance of
be recovered in useful form by commercial cleaning opera-
63°C.
tions. The amount of wool loss varies, depending on factors
6.2.1.3 Paddle or other Stirring Device.
such as the character of the wool, the nature and percentage of
6.2.1.4 Spray or Shower Headwithaflexibleconnectionfor
the impurities present, the cleaning process and equipment
use in rinsing.
used, and so forth.
6.2.2 Flotation Jar—Aglass or transparent plastic vessel of
5.4 No ASTM standard specifies or recommends any spe-
1to2-Lcapacity,approximately200mmtall,forseparatingby
cific procedure or practice for estimating anticipated loss of
flotation the short wool fibers retained by the No. 200 (75-µm)
wool during commercial cleaning (or other) operations. The
sieve from associated sand and other heavy impurities.
followingstatutorypracticeisdescribedsolelyforinformation:
6.3 Wringer or Basket Centrifuge, for the removal of excess
5.4.1 For the purpose of duty assessment on importations of
water from the scoured sample before drying in the oven.
raw wool into the United States, the Tariff Schedules of the
6.3.1 Net Bag, having openings of 60 mesh (250 µm) or
United States provides a statutory formula for calculating the
finer. Bags are used with a squeeze roll type of wringer or with
allowance to be made for wool “that would ordinarily be lost
a centrifuge.
during commercial cleaning operations.” The formula is based
on the clean wool fiber present (called “absolute clean content” 6.3.2 Metal Can, with bottom formed from 100-mesh (150-
in the Tariff Schedules) and on the vegetable matter present.
µm) wire screen supported by a perforated metal plate may be
The allowance, in terms of clean wool fiber present, is equal to used with basket centrifuges. The dimensions of the can must
0.5 % of the clean wool fiber present plus 60 % of the
be such that the can is capable of containing the scoured
vegetable matter present, the total allowance not to exceed sample, fitting into the centrifuge, and adaptable to the dryer.
15 % of the clean wool fiber present. The dutiable quantity
6.4 Dryer—A forced-draft oven or, preferably, a heated air
(called “clean yield” in the Tariff Schedules) is the difference
flow-through type of dryer capable of supplying clean air at a
between the clean wool fiber present and the allowance so
desired temperature with a tolerance of 62°C.
calculated.
6.5 Muffle Furnace, thermostatically controlled in the range
of 700 6 25°C.
Tariff Schedules of the United States, Schedule 3. Part 1, Subpart C, Headnote
1 (c). 6.6 Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus, medium size.
D584 − 10 (2018)
7. Reagents 8.4.2 Open the chamber, redistribute the wool, compress
and take a second test specimen as in 8.4.1. Repeat 8.4.2 until
7.1 Scouring Solution A—A solution containing approxi-
the desired mass of core samples are obtained.
mately 0.3 % of soda ash (Na CO ) and 0.1 % of soap having
2 3
8.4.3 Remove, weigh, and retain the remainder of the
a titer of not over 25°C. Addition to the solution of approxi-
sample in an airtight container for use in drawing additional
mately 0.3 % of a lime-sequestering agent of the polyphos-
test specimens, if necessary or desired.
phate type is recommended.
8.4.4 Weigh the blended core samples into individual test
7.2 Scouring Solution B—A solution containing approxi-
portions in preparation for scouring (10.1).
mately 0.15 % of Na CO and 0.05 % of soap having a titer of
2 3
not over 25°C.Addition to the solution of approximately 0.3 %
9. Conditioning
of a lime-sequestering agent of the polyphosphate type is
9.1 Neitherpreconditioningnorconditioninginthestandard
recommended.
atmosphere for testing is required.
NOTE 4—For nonreferee tests, various scouring solutions containing
nonionic detergents, with or without soda ash or builders, at various
10. Procedure
temperatures, are sometimes used instead of Scouring SolutionsAand B.
10.1 Scouring—Scour each portion of the sample (8.3)or
7.3 Washing Solution—Asolution containing approximately
eachtestspecimen(8.4.1,8.4.2)asdirectedin10.1.1or10.1.2,
0.02 % of a nonionic detergent of the polyoxyethylene type.
whichever is applicable.
7.4 Alcohol—Either pure ethyl alcohol (C H OH) or spe-
2 5
10.1.1 Greasy or Pulled Wool:
ciallydenaturedalcoholconformingtoFormula3Aor30ofthe
10.1.1.1 With the coarse perforated plate in place in the
U.S. Bureau of Internal Revenue.
scouring bowl, immerse the wool in Scouring Solution A at a
temperature of 52 6 3°C (not less than 1 L for each 12 g of
8. Preparation of Sample and Test Specimens
wool)andstirfor3min.DrainthesolutionthroughtheNo.200
(75-µm) sieve. Spray the wool with a strong stream of warm
8.1 For the sampling of commercial shipments take a lot
water (35 to 45°C) so as to flush out as much as possible of
sample as directed in an applicable material specification, or as
sand and other soil, then remove the wool from the bowl and
agreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller.Inabsenceof
place it on the drain board. Raise the plate, and remove and
a material specification or other agreem
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