ASTM D1294-22

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1294 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Strength and Breaking Tenacity of Wool Fiber
Bundles 1-in. (25.4 mm) Gage Length
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1294; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1445TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the break-
Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)
ing force (or load) and estimation of the tensile strength and
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
tenacity of wool fiber bundles with a 1-in. (25.4 mm) gage
D2524Test Method for Breaking Tenacity of Wool Fibers,
length. A procedure for preparation of the fiber bundle is
Flat Bundle Method— ⁄8-in. (3.2-mm) Gage Length
included.
(Withdrawn 2022)
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D2525PracticeforSamplingWoolforMoisture(Withdrawn
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 3
2022)
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D4845Terminology Relating to Wool
and are not considered standard. Because the instrument is
calibrated in inch-pound units, inch-pound units are shown 3. Terminology
first, contrary to Committee D13 policy.
3.1 For all terminology related to Wool and Wool Felt,
D13.13, refer to Terminology D4845.
NOTE 1—For other methods of measuring breaking tenacity of fiber
bundles, refer to Test Methods D1445 and D2524.
3.1.1 Thefollowingtermsarerelevanttothisstandard:gage
NOTE 2—This test method can be used for other fibers that lend
length; recycled wool; tenacity; tensile strength; wool (as
themselves to the same kind of preparation but the difference in density
defined in the Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939).
must be taken into account when calculating the tensile strength. It is not
necessary to know or correct for the density of a fiber when calculating
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles see Termi-
breaking tenacity.
nology D123.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Thestrengthdeterminationisbasedontheloadrequired
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
to break a bundle of fibers which had been parallelized and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
held under uniform tension with masking tape. A 1-in. (25.4
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
mm)spacingbetweenthetapes(andclampsatthezerosetting)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
makespossiblethecuttingandweighingofthisamountoffiber
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
for use in calculating the strength expressed as breaking
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tenacity in grams-force per tex or tensile strength in pounds-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
force per square inch.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Test Method D1294 for the determination of tensile
2.1 ASTM Standards:
strength may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial
D76Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
shipments of wool, but caution is advised since technicians
may fail to get good agreement between results. Comparative
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1294–05(2013) which was
comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a
withdrawn in January 2022 and reinstated in June 2022. DOI: 10.1520/D1294-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1294 − 22
statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis- 7. Sampling
tance.As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative
7.1 Division into Lots—Treat a single shipment of a single
test that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same
fiber type as a lot.
lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results
7.2 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers
at random the number of shipping containers directed in an
to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories
applicable material specification or other agreement between
involved should be compared using a statistical test for
the purchaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to use
unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing
Practice D2525. Consider shipping containers to be the pri-
series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and
mary sampling units.
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
7.3 Laboratory Sample—For acceptance testing, take a
laboratory sample from each shipping container in the lot
5.2 This test method is useful in studying the relationship
sample as follows:
between fiber strength and product quality; results should be
7.3.1 For loose fiber, grease, and scoured wool, reduce the
considered comparative rather than fundamental since the
mass of clean fiber submitted for testing to approximately 15 g
strength found will be lower than the sum of the strengths of
byrandomlyselectingpiecesthroughoutthemass.Formintoa
the individual fibers present due to slight differences in
loose sliver by hand.
tensioning.
7.3.2 For card sliver and top, cut a length of sliver about 20
5.3 Elongation may be obtained also but the accuracy of
in. (500 mm) long from each ball submitted for testing.
elongation measurements is limited and their determination is,
7.3.3 For roving, cut a length about 20 in. (500 mm) long
therefore, not included as a formal part of this test method.
from each spool submitted for testing and include all ends.
5.4 The basic differences between the procedures employed
7.4 Test Specimens—Scour or solvent-extract the laboratory
in this test method and those of Test Method D2524 are in the
sample until residual contamination is 1% or less of the
gage lengths employed and the methods of clamping. In Test
laboratory mass, as established by further cleaning of a part of
Method D2524, specific clamps are required whereas in Test
thelaboratorysample.Fromeachunitinthelaboratorysample,
MethodD1294,anyconventionalclampsmaybeused.Results
prepare five test specimens as directed in 9.1.
for breaking load determined by Test Method D2524 average
30% higher than those obtained by Test Method D1294.
8. Preconditioning and Conditioning
8.1 Bring the laboratory sample to moisture equilibrium for
6. Apparatus and Materials
testing in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as
6.1 Comb, fine, sharp.
directed in Practice D1776.
6.2 Analytical Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.0001 g.
9. Preparation of Specimens
6.3 Tensile Testing Machine, a CRE or CRT Type about
9.1 Prepare each specimen by drawing small groups of
50-lb (22 kg) capacity machine as prescribed in Specification
fibers from at least five locations in a unit of the laboratory
D76, capable of operating the moving clamp at a uniform
sample. Parallelize and combine them in a bundle which may
speed of 10.0 in./min 6 0.5 in./min (250 mm/min 6 12
be held conveniently between the thumb and forefinger.
mm/min). If a CRLtype machine is used, it should be capable
Choose the size of the bundle so that in the final bundle the
of operating at a rate of loading of 1 kgf/s (10 N/s). In no case
1-in. (25.4 mm) length of fiber between the clamps of the
shall the wo
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