ASTM F109-91(2001)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: F 109 – 91 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Terminology Relating to
Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope burr—fragment of excess material or foreign particle adhering
to the surface.
1.1 This terminology describes and illustrates imperfections
observed on whitewares and related products. For additional
definitions of terms relating to whitewares and related prod-
ucts, refer to Terminology C 242. To observe these defects,
examination shall be performed visually, with or without the
aid of a dye penetrant, as described in Test Method C 949.
Agreement by the manufacturer and the purchaser regarding
specific techniques of observation is strongly recommended.
camber—a single arch of curvature. (See also waviness.)
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
Products
C 949 Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by
Dye Penetration
E 165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method
3. Terminology
chip—area along an edge or corner where the material has
blemish—strained or discolored area attributable to normal
broken off.
composition or forming, or both. (See also inclusion.)
blister—bubble or gaseous inclusion at the surface which if where:
w = width
broken could form a pit, pock, or hole.
l = length, and
d = depth.
closed chip—fractured area on the edge or corner when the
material has not broken off (Syn. potential chip).
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcomittee C21.01 on Nomenclature.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 1991. Published February 1992. Originally
where:
e1
published as F 109 – 69 T. Last previous edition F 109 – 73 (1991) .
W = width
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
l = length, and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
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F 109
d = depth.
crack—line of fracture without complete separation.
fin—fine feather-edge protrusion from the surface (Syn. flash).
lump—a raised area on the surface having the appearance of
being solid.
pit—a shallow depression or crater in which all surfaces are
visible by normal (20/20) vision under 200 fc of illumina-
tion.
flow line—one or more streaks distinguished by a difference in
light reflectance from the surrounding area, charateristic of
injection-molded parts. (See also we
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