ASTM D6093-97

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact
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Designation: D 6093 – 97
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented
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Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial Chemicals
2.2 Other Documents:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent
2.2.1 Directions for obtaining appropriate instruction manu-
volume nonvolatile matter of a variety of clear and pigmented
als on the use, care, and operation of the instruments and
coatings. The approach used should provide faster and more
equipment are listed in Section 5, (Apparatus).
accurate results than the use of the liquid displacement
technique in Test Method D 2697, particularly for coatings that
3. Summary of Test Method
are difficult to wet or that contain voids, cracks or other defects.
3.1 This procedure measures the volume of nonvolatile
The improvement in accuracy stems from the superior ability
material in a dried or baked coating film. A helium gas
of helium gas under pressure to penetrate very small pores and
pycnometer is used to determine the volume occupied by a film
surface irregularities in dried films. This provides a more
by measuring the reduction of gas capacity in the pycnometer
accurate determination of void volumes than can be obtained
sample chamber caused by the presence of the test specimen.
via liquid displacement.
(The actual measurement is accomplished with a pressure
1.2 The technique will provide results under the following
transducer that measures the difference in pressure between the
constraints:
empty sample compartment and when loaded. The volume
1.2.1 The stability of the helium gas pycnometer is greater
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occupied by the coating sample is then calculated from the
than 60.005 cm
Ideal Gas Law.) The weight of the specimen is also measured
1.2.2 Test specimen weights are greater than 1 g.
and the two values are used to calculate the dry film density.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2 The percent volume nonvolatile content of a coating is
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
calculated using the dry film density, liquid coating density,
information only.
and the weight percent nonvolatile content of the coating.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 This test method measures the volume of dry coating
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
obtainable from a given volume of liquid coating. This value is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
useful for calculating the volatile organic content (VOC) of a
coating and could be used to estimate the coverage (square feet
2. Referenced Documents
of surface covered at a specified dry film thickness per unit
2.1 ASTM Standards:
volume) obtainable with different coating products.
D 1475 Test Method for Density of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer
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and Related Products NOTE 1—In Practice D 3960 paragraph 10.3.1, the equation for calcu-
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lating the VOC content using the percent volume nonvolatile is given.
D 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
Prior to this method a satisfactory procedure for measuring percent
D 2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in
2 volume nonvolatile did not exist (see Note 11 in Practice D 3960).
Clear or Pigmented Coatings
NOTE 2—Since the actual coverage of a coating includes the void
D 3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Com-
volume and the porosity of the film, the coverage value calculated from
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pound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
this method will be inaccurate by that amount, that is, the actual coverage
D 4708 Practice for Preparation of Uniform Free Films of
will be greater. The higher the pigment to binder ratio (P/B) of a coating
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Organic Coatings or the higher content of void containing material (latices, hollow beads,
etc.) or both, the greater will be the deviation of the coverage calculation
E 180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
(This is also true to a lesser degree with Test Method D 2697).
4.2 For various reasons the volume nonvolatile value ob-
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
tained for
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