ASTM C1309-97(2003)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: C1309 – 97 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Practice for
Performance Evaluation of In-Plant Walk-Through Metal
Detectors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1309; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Nuclear regulatory authorities require personnel entering designated security areas to be screened
for concealed weapons and personnel exiting areas containing specified quantities of special nuclear
material to be screened for metallic nuclear shielding materials. Portal-type walk-through metal
detectors are widely used to implement these requirements. This practice provides guidelines for
evaluating the in-plant performance of walk-through metal detectors.
1. Scope 1.2.3 The fourth procedure is used to verify that alarms
generated during detection sensitivity testing were likely the
1.1 This practice is one of several (see Appendix X1)
result of the detection of metal and not caused by outside
developed to assist operators of nuclear facilities with meeting
interferences or the perturbation of the detection field by the
themetaldetectionperformancerequirementssetbyregulatory
tester’s body mass.
authorities.
1.2.3.1 This procedure also can be used to establish a
1.2 This practice consists of four procedures useful for
probability of occurrence for false alarms, for example, 20 test
evaluating the in-plant performance of walk-through metal
passes by a clean-tester resulting in no alarms indicates a false
detectors (see Fig. 1).
alarm probability of less than 0.15 at 95 % confidence. This
1.2.1 Two of the procedures provide data for evaluating
procedure is optional unless required by the regulatory author-
probability of detection. These procedures use binomial data
ity.
(alarm/not alarm).
2 1.3 This practice does not set test object specifications. The
1.2.1.1 The detection sensitivity test (DST) is the initial
specifications should be issued by the regulatory authority.
procedure in the detection probability evaluation series. It is
1.4 This practice is intended neither to set performance
used to establish the probability of detection immediately after
levels nor to limit or constrain technologies.
the detector has been adjusted to its operational sensitivity
1.5 This practice does not address safety or operational
setting.
issues associated with the use of walk-through metal detectors.
1.2.1.2 The detection sensitivity verification test (DSVT)
procedure periodically provides data for evaluation of continu-
2. Referenced Documents
ing detection performance.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.2 The third procedure is a “functional test.” It is used
C1238 Guide for Installation of Walk-Through Metal De-
routinely to verify that a metal detector is operating and
tectors
responds with the correct audio and visual signals when
C1269 Practice for Adjusting the Operational Sensitivity
subjected to a condition that should cause an alarm.
Setting of In-Plant Walk-Through Metal Detectors
C1270 Practice for Detection Sensitivity Mapping of In-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Plant Walk-Through Metal Detectors
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.12 on Safeguard
F1468 Practice for Evaluation of Metallic Weapons Detec-
Applications.
tors for Controlled Access Search and Screening
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published February 2003. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C1309 – 97. DOI:
10.1520/C1309-97R03.
The DST is one of two procedures used to evaluate detection rate. The
Detection Sensitivity Verification Test (DSVT) is the other. In the evaluation test For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
strategy, the DST is used to initially determine and document the detection rate and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
thentheDSVTisusedtoperiodicallycheckthatthedetectionratecontinuestomeet
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the requirements.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1309 – 97 (2003)
NOTE 1—The number of detection sensitivity verification tests in a series, the number of passes per test, the acceptance criteria, and the frequency may
be established by regulatory authority or set by the security organization based on threat scenarios or vulnerability assessments; the numbers should be
sufficient to provide a degree of assurance commensurate with the detector application.
NOTE 2—If the detector fails to meet the acceptance criteria, the verification series is terminated. The detector then must be tested to reestablish the
probability of detection. If the probability of detection requirement cannot be met (repairs may be necessary), the detector must be mapped and the
operational sensitivity setting reestablished. Performance testing can then be resumed starting with a new detection sensitivity test.
NOTE 3—If the detector fails the functional test, the detector must be immediately removed from service (see Appendix X1).
FIG. 1 Walk-Through Metal Detector Evaluation Testing Program
3. Terminology surgical implants, undergarment support metal, metal zippers,
etc. In the absence of other criteria, a clean-tester passing
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
through a metal detector shall not cause a disturbance signal
3.1.1 clean-tester, n—a person who does not carry any
greater than 10 % of that produced when carrying the critical
extraneous metallic objects that would significantly alter the
test object through the detector. Test objects requiring very
signal produced when the person carries a test object.
high sensitivity settings for detection require more complete
3.1.1.1 Discussion—By example but not limitation, such
elimination of extraneous metal to obtain less than 10 % signal
extraneous metallic objects may include: metallic belt buckles,
metal buttons, cardiac pacemakers, coins, metal frame eye- disturbance. The tester shall have a weight between 50–104 kg
and a height between 1.44–1.93 m. Should a given detector be
glasses, hearing aids, jewelry, keys, mechanical pens and
pencils, shoes with metal shanks or arch supports, metallic sensitive to body size because of design or desired sensitivity,
C1309 – 97 (2003)
the physical size of testers should be smaller and within a
narrower range. It is recommended that the clean-tester be
surveyed with a high sensitivity hand-held metal detector to
ensure that no metal is present.
3.1.2 critical orientation, n—the orthogonal orientation of a
test object that produces the smallest detection signal or
weakest detection anywhere in the detection zone; the orthogo-
nal orientation of a test object that requires a higher sensitivity
setting to be detected compared to the sensitivity settings
required to detect the object in all other orthogonal orienta-
tions. See Fig. 2 for handgun orientations.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Critical orientations are determined by
testing using a mapping procedure such as described in
Practice C1270 (see 3.1.21 and Fig. 3).
3.1.2.2 Discussion—The term critical orientation can be
applied in two ways. Critical orientation can refer to the worst
case orthogonal orientation in a single test path or the worst
case orthogonal orientation for all the test paths (the entire
detection zone).The two are coincident in the critical test path.
3.1.3 critical sensitivity setting, n—the lowest sensitivity
NOTE 1—Numbers are sensitivity setting values for a hypothetical
setting of a detector at which the critical test object in its
detector. The numbers represent the lowest sensitivity setting at which the
critical orientation is consistently detected (10 alarms out of 10
object was detected ten out of ten consecutive test passes through the
indicated test path.
passages) when passed through the detection zone on the
FIG. 3 Example of Detection Sensitivity Map
critical test path.
3.1.4 critical test element, n—see test element.
3.1.5 critical test object, n—the one test object out of any
given group of test objects that, in its critical orientation,
produces the weakest detection signal anywhere in the detec-
tion zone.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The group referred to consists of one
or more objects that are to be detected at the same detector
setting.
3.1.5.2 Discussion—Depending on the particular detector,
some orientation-sensitive test objects may have different
critical orientations through different test paths in the detection
zone. Hence, care must be taken in determining the critical test
object, its critical orientation, and the critical test path.
3.1.6 critical test path, n—the straight-line shortest-course
path through the portal aperture, as defined by an element on
the detection sensitivity map, that produces the smallest
detection signal or weakest detection for a test object in its
critical orientation (see Fig. 4 and Fig. 2).
FIG. 4 3-D View of Detection Zones and Test Grid
3.1.7 detection sensitivity map (see Fig. 3 and Appendix
X2), n—a depiction of the grid used to define test paths
through the detection zone, with each element of the grid
containing a value, usually the sensitivity setting of the
detector, that is indicative of the detectability of the test object.
3.1.7.1 Discussion—These values are relative and describe
the detection sensitivity pattern within the detection zone for
the specific test object. The values are derived by identically
FIG. 2 Six Standard Orthogonal Orientations for a Handgun testing each defined test path using a specific test object in a
C1309 – 97 (2003)
single orthogonal orientation. The value is usually the mini- 3.1.21 orthogonal orientation, n—as used in this practice,
mum sensitivity setting of the detector that will cause a orthogonal orientation refers to alignment of the longitudinal
consistent alarm (10 out of 10 test passes when the test object (long) axis of a test object along the XYZ axes of the Cartesian
is passed through the detection field.Appendix X2 is a sample coordinate system; X is horizontal and across the portal; Y is
form for a potential detection sensitivity map configuration.) vertical; and Z is in the direction of travel through the portal.
(See Fig. 2 for handgun orientations)
3.1.8 detection sensitivity test, n—see 6.2.
3.1.9 detection sensitivity verification test, n—see 6.3. 3.1.21.1 In the case of firearms, the barrel is always treated
as the longitudinal axis. Fig. 2 illustrates the six standard
3.1.10 detection zone, n—the volume within the portal
orthogonal orientations for a handgun.
aperture.
3.1.22 performance test log, n—a record of the operation,
3.1.11 detector, n—see walk-through metal detector.
testing, and maintenance history of a metal detector.
3.1.12 element, n—see test element.
3.1.22.1 Discussion—Appendix X4, Performance Test Log,
3.1.13 event false alarm, n—an alarm occurring when a
suggests examples for log content and format.
clean-tester,whilenotcarryingatestobject,passesthroughthe
detection zone of a detector operating at the operational 3.1.23 portal, n—see walk-through metal detector.
sensitivity setting.
3.1.24 shielding test object, n—a test object representing
3.1.14 event false alarm test, n—see 6.4.
special nuclear material shielding that might be used in a theft
3.1.15 functional test, n—see 6.1. scenario.
3.1.16 functional test object, n—a metallic item that does 3.1.24.1 Discussion—It is usually a metallic container or
not necessarily have strict criteria defining its size, form, metallic material configured as a credible gamma radiation
weight, or composition. shield for a specific type and quantity of special nuclear
material. The object is specified by a regulatory authority or is
3.1.16.1 Discussion—Functional test objects do not test
based on the facility threat/risk assessment, or both
sensitivity; they are gross stimuli used frequently to quickly
verify that the aural and visual indicators and alarm circuits are
3.1.25 test element, n—(see Fig. 1) for the purpose of
operable. testing, it is necessary to define discrete and repeatable
straight-line shortest-course test paths through the detection
3.1.16.2 Discussion—A functional test object will consis-
zone. This can be done by using two identical networks (grids)
tently cause metal detection alarms when a detector is adjusted
todetectthecriticaltestobjectinitscriticalorientationpassing made of nonconductive/nonmagnetic material attached across
the entry and exit planes of the portal aperture so the networks
through the critical test path. Detection of the functional test
object does not provide assurance that the detector is operating coincide.Atest object on the end of a probe can then be passed
from one side of the portal aperture to the other side through
properly or adjusted to detect anything other than the func-
tional test object. corresponding openings, which results in the test object taking
a reasonably straight-line shortest-course path through the
3.1.16.3 Discussion—Functional test objects may be items
detection zone. If the networks are constructed so that they can
such as large handguns or rifles, metal tools, metal blocks, a
beputin-placeidenticallyeachtimetheyareused,thenthetest
person wearing many metallic items, etc. Active devices such
paths through the detection zone are repeatable over time.
as radios and pagers must not be used as functional test objects
Thus, a test element is the volume of space defined by the
and must not be carried when performing tests. The functional
boundaries of two corresponding network openings and it
test object must be at least as detectable as the critical test
represents a straight-line shortest-course path through the
object in its critical orientation.
detection zone.
3.1.17 grid, n—see test grid
3.1.25.1 Discussion—On a detection sensitivity map the
3.1.18 grid element, n—(1) a single block on a detection
corresponding networks appear as a rectangular grid with each
sensitivity map; (2) the rectilinear volume through the detec-
element of the grid representing a test path through the
tion zone defined by coincident elements of identical grid
detection zone.The element defining the critical test path is the
works placed on either side of the portal aperture. (See Figs. 3
critical test element.
and 4)
3.1.26 test
...