ASTM E2322-22

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Designation: E2322 − 03 (Reapproved 2015) E2322 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Conducting Transverse and Concentrated Load Tests on
Panels used in Floor and Roof Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the following procedures for determining the structural properties of segments of floor and roof
constructions:
Section
Test Specimens 5
Loading 6
Deformation Measurements 7
Report 8
Precision and Bias 9
Testing Floors
Transverse Load 10
Concentrated Load 11
Testing Roofs
Transverse Load 12
Concentrated Load 13
1.2 This test method serves to evaluate the performance of floors and roofs panels subjected to (1) Uniform loading, and (2)
Concentrated static loading, which represent conditions sustained in the actual performance of the element. The standard is not
intended for the evaluation of individual structural framing or supporting members (floor joist, rafters, and trusses), or both.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes,
excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard is not intended to cover concrete floor slabs.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11 on Horizontal
and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Structures.
Current edition approved March 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2022. Published March 2015October 2022. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as
E2322 – 03 (2009).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/E2322-03R15.10.1520/E2322-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2322 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube Specimens)
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Testing Machines
E72 Test Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building Construction
E73 Practice for Static Load Testing of Truss Assemblies
E196 Practice for Gravity Load Testing of Floors and Low Slope Roofs
E455 Test Method for Static Load Testing of Framed Floor or Roof Diaphragm Constructions for Buildings
E575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and Assemblies
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E661 Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under Concentrated Static and Impact
Loads
E695 Test Method of Measuring Relative Resistance of Wall, Floor, and Roof Construction to Impact Loading
E1592 Test Method for Structural Performance of Sheet Metal Roof and Siding Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure
Difference
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology E631 for definitions of terms used in these test methods.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Transverse Load—The procedures outlined will serve to evaluate the performance of floor and roof segments for deflection,
permanent set and ultimate capacity. Performance criteria based on data from these procedures can ensure structural adequacy and
effective service.
4.2 Concentrated Load—This concentrated load test shall be used to evaluate surface indentation of structural framing members.
4.3 These procedures will serve to evaluate performance of roof and floor segments under simulated service conditions.
Diaphragm shear loading of roof and floor segments shall be evaluated under Test Method E455. Impact loading shall be evaluated
under Test Methods E661 or E695.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 Specimens—There shall be at least three replicate specimens for each test. Specimens shall be constructed to represent sections
of the floor, or roof assembly including the means of the attachment when the load direction is away from the supports. The
specimens shall be representative in width and length as to the material and workmanship. The test specimen shall not be less than
the width and length of the tributary load area under actual conditions. If the tributary load area for the test specimen exceeds the
test equipment, a reduced specimen that is representative in proportional width and length shall be tested. Unsymmetrical
assemblies shall be tested in each axis. If the structural properties of a particular construction are to be compared with another
construction, widths of the specimens shall be of comparable size.
5.2 Age—Constructions, which include concrete and masonry for which the structural properties depend upon the age of the
specimen, shall be aged not less than what is indicated by the manufacturer or national standard, or both. The age of the specimen
shall be recorded in the report.
6. Loading
6.1 Apparatus—The testing machine or load-measuring apparatus shall comply with the requirements prescribed in Practices E4.
6.2 Application of Load—Apply the load to each individual specimen in increments so that a sufficient number of readings will
be obtained to determine definitely the load-deformation curve (see 6.3) using the following sequence:
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6.2.1 Prior to testing, apply a small initial load not greater than 5 % of the ultimate capacity load expected and hold for 5 min (61
min) and then release. Zero all measuring devices and begin the test.
6.2.2 Record the initial load and deformation reading of the specimen and then increase the load on the specimen to the first
predetermined increment.
6.2.3 Record the load and deformation reading and release the load back to the initial load and then record the set of the specimen.
6.2.4 Increase the load to the next predetermined increment and record the information as indicated in the first load increment
above. Follow this sequence of loading and reading for all predetermined load increment(s).
6.3 Duration of Load Application—After each increment of load is applied, maintain the load level as constant as possible for a
period of 5 min (see Note 1). Take deformation readings as soon as practical after load application, at the end of the 5-min period
under constant load, and immediately and at the end of the 5-min period after any partial or complete load release. Plot initial and
5-min readings in the form of load-deformation curves. Maintain complete load-deformation time records throughout the test. If
application of a given load is required for a certain period, such as 24 h, take deformation readings at the end of this period, to
allow the satisfactory plotting of a time-deformation curve for the complete period.
NOTE 1—Reason for the 5-min application of constant-level increment loads are as follows:
(1) To permit the assembly to come to a substantial rest prior to taking the second set of readings. (Depending on the method employed for applying
the test load, it may be necessary to continue, at a reduced rate, the motion of the loading device in order to maintain the constant load level during the
5-min period.)
(1) To permit the assembly to come to a substantial rest prior to taking the second set of readings. (Depending on the method employed for applying
the test load, it may be necessary to continue, at a reduced rate, the motion of the loading device in order to maintain the constant load level during the
5-min period.)
(2) To observe any time-dependent deformation or load redistribution, or both, and to record accurately the load level when time-dependent
deformation starts, that is, at the divergence of the immediate and delayed load-deformation curves. This load level may, under certain conditions, have
an important bearing on the design load.
(3) To be able to stop the test, if this should be desirable, prior to total failure, after initial failure has been anticipated as a result of the observations.
(4) To assure uniformity in test performance and consistency in test results.
(2) To observe any time-dependent deformation or load redistribution, or both, and to record accurately the load level when time-dependent
deformation starts, that is, at the divergence of the immediate and delayed load-deformation curves. This load level may, under certain conditions, have
an important bearing on the design load.
(3) To be able to stop the test, if this should be desirable, prior to total failure, after initial failure has been anticipated as a result of the observations.
(4) To assure uniformity in test performance and consistency in test results.
7. Deformation Measurements
7.1 Measure the deformations with sufficient precision to define the load-deformation relationship, and report at least to the nearest
0.25 mm.
8. Report
8.1 Prepare the report in accordance with Recommended Practice E575.
9. Precision and Bias
9.1 It is not possible to specify the precision of the procedure in this standard for measuring these test methods because of the
variety of materials and combinations of materials involved.
TESTING FLOORS
10. Transverse Load—Floor
10.1 Test Specimen(s)—Test specimen(s) shall be constructed in accordance with Section 5.
10.2 Apparatus—The apparatus shall be capable of applying a uniform load (such as air bag load or vacuum load), gravity load
or two point load and shall conform to the requirements prescribed in 10.2.1 through 10.2.3 or the equivalent.
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10.2.1 Uniform Load—Uniformly distributed loading is a satisfactory test method. Uniformly distributed load shall be applied by
air pressure, either in a bag or in a vacuum chamber.
10.2.1.1 The bag method of loading is schematically shown in Fig. 1. Connect a reaction platform parallel to the face to be loaded
and wider than the specimen to the supports by tie rods. Place an airtight bag as wide as the specimen and as long as the span
between the specimen and the reaction platform. Apply transverse load to the specimen by increasing the air pressure in the bag.
Measure the difference in pressure by means of a manometer or other pressure measuring device. The error of the pressure reading
shall not exceed 1 % of the full-scale reading. Deflection measurement shall be measured following 10.4. See Fig. 1.
10.2.1.2 When the vacuum chamber method of loading is used, place the specimen near the test frame to create an airtight vacuum
chamber. An airtight frame or curb shall surround the specimen closely and be flush with the upper surface of the specimen. An
air resistant blanket covers the specimen, overlaps the frame, and is sealed so that it is reasonably airtight. Use a vacuum pump
or positive action exhaust blower to reduce air pressure between the specimen and floor/wall. Measure the difference in pressure
by means of a manometer or other pressure
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