ASTM D6046-02(2012)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D6046 −02 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Classification of
Hydraulic Fluids for Environmental Impact
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6046; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This classification covers all unused fully formulated
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
hydraulic fluids in their original form.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 This classification establishes categories for the impact
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ofhydraulicfluidsondifferentenvironmentalcompartmentsas
2. Referenced Documents
showninTable1.Fluidsareassigneddesignationswithinthese
categories; for example PwL, Pwe, and so forth, based on
2.1 ASTM Standards:
performance in specified tests.
D5291Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
1.3 Inthecurrentversionofthisclassificationtheaspectsof
and Lubricants
environmental impact included are environmental persistence
D5864Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Bio-
of which biodegradability is one component and acute ecotox-
degradation of Lubricants or Their Components
icity.Althoughenvironmentalpersistenceisdiscussedfirst,this
D6006Guide for Assessing Biodegradability of Hydraulic
classification does not imply that considerations of environ-
Fluids
mental persistence should take precedence over concerns for
D6081Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants:
ecotoxicity.
Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation
1.4 Another important aspect of environmental impact is
E943Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-
bioaccumulation. This aspect is not addressed in the present
ronmental Fate
classificationbecauseadequatetestmethodsdonotyetexistto
E1440Guide for Acute Toxicity Test with the Rotifer Bra-
measure bioaccumulation of hydraulic fluids.
chionus
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.5 The present classification addresses the fresh water and
International Standard ISO Test 9439:1990Technical Corri-
soil environmental compartments. At this time marine and
gendum 1, Water Quality—Evaluation in An Aqueous
anaerobic environmental compartments are not included, al-
Medium of the “Ultimate” Biodegradability of Organic
though they are pertinent for many uses of hydraulic fluids.
Compounds—Method by Analysis of Released Carbon
Hydraulic fluids are expected to have no significant impact on
Dioxide
the atmosphere; therefore that compartment is not addressed.
2.3 OECD Standards:
1.6 Thisclassificationaddressesreleasestotheenvironment
OECD 301BCO Evolution Test (the Modified Sturm Test)
which are incidental to the use of a hydraulic fluid. The
OECD 301CModified MITI Test (I)
classification is not intended to address environmental impact
OECD 301FManometric Respirometry Test
in situations of major, accidental release. Nothing in this
OECD 201Alga, Growth Inhibition Test
classification should be taken to relieve the user of the
OECD 202Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test and
responsibility to properly use and dispose of hydraulic fluids.
Reproduction Test
1.7 This classification does not cover any performance
properties of a hydraulic fluid which relate to its performance
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
in a hydraulic system.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
AvailablefromAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,25West43rdStreet,4th
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Floor, New York, NY 10036. All standards referenced are from the OECD
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals.
Subcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids. Available from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally (OECD), 2, Rue Andre Pascal, S-75775, Paris CEDEX 16, France. May also be
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6046–02(2006). found in U.S. Federal Register, Vol 50, No. 188, September 27, 1965, paragraph
DOI: 10.1520/D6046-02R12. 796.3260.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6046−02 (2012)
TABLE 1 Overview of Extended Classification
3.1.3 anaerobic, adj—( 1) taking place in the absence of
Categories of Environmental Impact oxygen, (2) living or active in the absence of oxygen.
Environmental
Environmental
Compartment
Ecotoxicity Bioaccumulation 3.1.4 biodegradation, n—the process of chemical break-
Persistence
down or transformation of a material caused by organisms or
Fresh Water Pw Tw Bw
their enzymes.
Marine Pm Tm Bm
Soil Ps Ts Bs
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Biodegradation is only one mechanism
Anaerobic Pa Ta Ba
by which materials are removed from the environment.
3.1.5 ecotoxicity, n—thepropensityofamaterialtoproduce
adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiological effects in
OECD 203Fish, Acute Toxicity Test
non-human organisms or populations.
OECD 207Earthworm Acute Toxicity Test
3.1.6 effect load XX (ELXX), n—astatisticallyorgraphically
OECD 208Terrestrial Plants Growth Test
5 estimatedloadingrateoftestmaterialthatisexpectedtocause
2.4 US EPA Tests:
oneormorespecifiedeffectsinXX%ofagroupoforganisms
Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation Test,40 CFR 796.3100
under specified conditions for a specified time.
(Also available as EPApublication 560/6-82-003, number
3.1.6.1 Discussion—This terminology should be used for
CG-2000)
hydraulic fluids instead of the standard effect concentration
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA),40 CFR Parts 796
(ECXX) when the hydraulic fluid is not completely soluble
and797—EnvironmentalEffectsTestingGuidelines,Fed-
under test conditions.
eral Register, Vol 50, No. 188, September 27, 1985, p.
3.1.7 environmental compartment, n—a subdivision of the
2.5 Environmental Canada Test Methods:
environmentbasedonphysicalorchemicalproperties,orboth.
Biological Test Method: Acute Lethality Test Using Rain-
3.1.7.1 Discussion—Examples of environmental compart-
bow Trout, Report EPS 1/9, Environment Canada, July
mentsareaerobicfreshwater,aerobicmarine,aerobicsoil,and
anaerobicmedia.Theresultsoftestproceduresmaybeapplied
BiologicalTest Method: Reference Method for Determining
to environmental compartments, but the test systems do not
Acute Lethality of Effluents to Rainbow Trout, Reference
constitute an environmental compartment.
Method EPS 1/RM/13, EnvironmentCanada, July 1990
3.1.8 fresh water environment, n—the aerobic, fresh water
Biological Test Method: Growth Inhibition Test Using the
environmental compartment.
FreshwaterAlga Selenastrum capricornutum, Report EPS
1/RM/25, Environment Canada, November 1992
3.1.9 good laboratory practices (GLP), n—guidelines for
BiologicalTestMethod:AcuteLethalityTestUsing Daphnia
the management of laboratory experiments which are pub-
spp., Report EPS 1/RM/11,Environment Canada, July
lished by regulatory agencies or other recognized groups and
are concerned with the organizational process and the condi-
BiodegradabilityofTwo-StrokeCycleOutboardEngineOils
tions under which laboratory studies are planned, performed,
in Water, CEC L-33-A-934,Co-Ordinating European
monitored, recorded, and reported.
Council, 1994 (Formerly L-33-T-82)
3.1.9.1 Discussion—The major GLPs used are
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), Good Laboratory
USEPA–TSCA, USFDA, OECD, and to some extent the MITI
Practice Standards, Final Rule, U.S. Federal Register,40
version from Japan for submissions in Japan.
CFR Part 792, August 17, 1989
3.1.10 inhibition load XX (ILXX), n—a statistically or
2.6 Other Standards:
graphically estimated loading rate of test material that is
MENVIQ 92.03/800—D.mag.1.1, March 1992
expected to cause a XX% inhibition of a biological process
29 CFR 1910OSHA Regulated Carcinogens and Potential
(such as growth or reproduction) which has an analog as
Carcinogens
opposed to a digital measure.
3.1.10.1 Discussion—An example of a digital measure
3. Terminology
would be alive or dead. This terminology should be used for
3.1 Definitions:
hydraulicfluidsinsteadofthestandardinhibitionconcentration
3.1.1 acute ecotoxicity, n—the propensity of a material to
(ICXX) when the hydraulic fluid is not completely soluble
produce adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiological
under test conditions.
effects in non-human organisms or populations in a short
period of time, usually not constituting a substantial portion of 3.1.11 inoculum, n—spores, bacteria, single-celled
organisms,orotherlivematerialsthatareintroducedintoatest
the life span of the organism.
medium.
3.1.2 aerobic, adj—(1 ) taking place in the presence of
oxygen, (2) living or active in the presence of oxygen.
3.1.12 lethal load XX (LLXX), n—a statistically or graphi-
cally estimated loading rate of test material that is expected to
be lethal to XX% of a group of organisms under specified
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
conditions for a specified time.
AvailablefromCEC,MadouPlaza,PlaceMadou1,B-1030Brussels,Belgium.
Available from Ministere de l’Environment, Gouvernment du Quebec. 3.1.12.1 Discussion—This terminology should be used for
D6046−02 (2012)
hydraulic fluids instead of the standard lethal concentration of CO or methane, or, for aerobic biodegradation, indirectly
(LCXX) when the hydraulic fluid is not completely soluble by measuring the consumption of O .
under test conditions.
3.1.22.1 Discussion—The measurement of new biomass is
usually not attempted.
3.1.13 loading rate, n—the ratio of test material to aqueous
medium used in the preparation of a water accommodated 3.1.23 water accommodated fraction (WAF), n—the pre-
fraction (WAF) and in interpretation of the results of a toxicity dominatelyaqueousportionofamixtureofwaterandapoorly
study with a poorly water soluble lubricant or lubricant water-soluble material which separates in a specified period of
component. time after the mixture has undergone a specified degree of
mixing and includes water, dissolved components, and dis-
3.1.14 mechanical dispersion, n—amixtureproducedbythe
persed droplets of the poorly water soluble material.
application of mechanical shearing forces to a multi-phase
3.1.23.1 Discussion—The chemical composition of the
system, one component of which is water, so as to distribute
WAF depends on the ratio of poorly soluble material to water
one or more of the materials uniformly throughout the mass of
in the original mixture as well as the details of the mixing
the water with the water existing as a continuous phase.
procedure.
3.1.15 pre-adaptation, n—the pre-incubation of an inocu-
3.1.24 wppm—an abbreviation for part per million by
lum in the presence of the test material and under conditions
weight.
similar to the test conditions.
3.1.15.1 Discussion—The aim of pre-adaptation is to im- 3.1.25 Definitions and terms not given in this classification
may be found in the Compilation of ASTM Standard
provetheprecisionofthetestmethodbydecreasingvariability
in the rate of biodegradation produced by the inoculum. Definitions, 1990 or Terminology E943.
Pre-adaptation may mimic the natural processes which cause
changesinthemicrobialpopulationoftheinoculumleadingto 4. Significance and Use
more rapid biodegradation of the test material but not to a
4.1 This classification establishes categories of hydraulic
change in the final extent of biodegradation.
fluids which are distinguished by their response to certain
3.1.16 primary biodegradation, n—degradation of the test standardized laboratory procedures. These procedures indicate
material by microorganisms resulting in a change in its the possible response of some environmental compartments to
physical or chemical properties, or both. the introduction of the hydraulic fluid. One set of procedures
measures the aerobic aquatic biodegradability (environmental
3.1.16.1 Discussion—The extent to which the results of a
persistence) of the fluids and another set of procedures esti-
primary biodegradation test correspond to the biological con-
mates the acute ecotoxicity effects of the fluids.
version of the test material will depend on the attribute which
4.1.1 Although this classification includes categories for
is being measured.
both persistence and ecotoxicity, there is no relationship
3.1.17 primary biodegradation test, n—atestwhichfollows
between the two categories. They may be used independently
the disappearance of a test material by measuring some
of each other, that is, a hydraulic fluid can be categorized with
attribute of the material.
respect to both sets of laboratory procedures, or to persistence
3.1.17.1 Discussion—The extent to which the results of a
but not ecotoxicity, or to ecotoxicity but not persistence.
primary biodegradation test correspond to the biological con-
4.1.2 There is no relationship between the categories
version of the test material will depend on the attribute which
achieved by a hydraulic fluid for persistence and for ecotoxic-
is being measured.
ity. The placing of a hydraulic fluid with regard to one set of
3.1.18 terrestrial (or soil) environment, n—the aerobic en-
categories has no predictive value as to its placement with
vironmental compartment which is found in and on natural
regard to the other set of categories.
soils.
4.2 The test procedures used to establish the categories of
3.1.19 theoretical CO ,n—the amount of CO which could
2 2
hydraulic fluids are laboratory standard tests and are not
in theory be produced from the complete oxidation of all the
intended to simulate the natural environment. Definitive field
carbon in a material.
studies capable of correlating test results with the actual
environmental impact of hydraulic fluids are usually site
3.1.20 theoretical O,n—the amount of oxygen which
specific and so are not directly applicable to this classification.
would theoretically be required to completely oxidize a mate-
Therefore, the categories established by this classification can
rial.
serve only as guidance to estimate the actual impact that the
3.1.21 ultimate biodegradation, n—degradation achieved
hydraulic fluids might have on any particular environme
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