ASTM D6046-02(2006)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D6046 – 02 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Classification of
Hydraulic Fluids for Environmental Impact
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6046; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This classification covers all unused fully formulated
hydraulic fluids in their original form.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This classification establishes categories for the impact
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ofhydraulicfluidsondifferentenvironmentalcompartmentsas
D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
showninTable1.Fluidsareassigneddesignationswithinthese
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
categories; for example PwL, Pwe, and so forth, based on
and Lubricants
performance in specified tests.
D5864 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Bio-
1.3 Inthecurrentversionofthisclassificationtheaspectsof
degradation of Lubricants or Their Components
environmental impact included are environmental persistence
D6006 Guide for Assessing Biodegradability of Hydraulic
of which biodegradability is one component and acute ecotox-
Fluids
icity.Althoughenvironmentalpersistenceisdiscussedfirst,this
D6081 Practice forAquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants:
classification does not imply that considerations of environ-
Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation
mental persistence should take precedence over concerns for
E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-
ecotoxicity.
ronmental Fate
1.4 Another important aspect of environmental impact is
E1440 Guide for Acute Toxicity Test with the Rotifer
bioaccumulation. This aspect is not addressed in the present
Brachionus
classificationbecauseadequatetestmethodsdonotyetexistto
2.2 ISO Standards:
measure bioaccumulation of hydraulic fluids.
International Standard ISO Test 9439:1990 Technical Cor-
1.5 The present classification addresses the fresh water and
rigendum 1, Water Quality—Evaluation in An Aqueous
soil environmental compartments. At this time marine and
Medium of the “Ultimate” Biodegradability of Organic
anaerobic environmental compartments are not included, al-
Compounds—Method by Analysis of Released Carbon
though they are pertinent for many uses of hydraulic fluids.
Dioxide
Hydraulic fluids are expected to have no significant impact on
2.3 OECD Standards:
the atmosphere; therefore that compartment is not addressed.
OECD 301B CO EvolutionTest (the Modified SturmTest)
1.6 Thisclassificationaddressesreleasestotheenvironment
OECD 301C Modified MITI Test (I)
which are incidental to the use of a hydraulic fluid. The
OECD 301F Manometric Respirometry Test
classification is not intended to address environmental impact
OECD 201 Alga, Growth Inhibition Test
in situations of major, accidental release. Nothing in this
OECD 202 Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test and
classification should be taken to relieve the user of the
Reproduction Test
responsibility to properly use and dispose of hydraulic fluids.
OECD 203 Fish, Acute Toxicity Test
1.7 This classification does not cover any performance
OECD 207 Earthworm Acute Toxicity Test
properties of a hydraulic fluid which relate to its performance
in a hydraulic system.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
AvailablefromAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,25West43rdStreet,4th
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Floor, New York, NY 10036. All standards referenced are from the OECD
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals.
D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids. Available from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally (OECD), 2, Rue Andre Pascal, S-75775, Paris CEDEX 16, France. May also be
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D6046–02. DOI: found in U.S. Federal Register, Vol 50, No. 188, September 27, 1965, paragraph
10.1520/D6046-02R06. 796.3260.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6046 – 02 (2006)
TABLE 1 Overview of Extended Classification
3.1.4 biodegradation, n—the process of chemical break-
Categories of Environmental Impact down or transformation of a material caused by organisms or
Environmental
their enzymes.
Environmental
Compartment
Ecotoxicity Bioaccumulation
Persistence
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Biodegradationisonlyonemechanism
Fresh Water Pw Tw Bw
by which materials are removed from the environment.
Marine Pm Tm Bm
3.1.5 ecotoxicity, n—thepropensityofamaterialtoproduce
Soil Ps Ts Bs
Anaerobic Pa Ta Ba adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiological effects in
non-human organisms or populations.
3.1.6 effect load XX (ELXX), n—a statistically or graphi-
cally estimated loading rate of test material that is expected to
OECD 208 Terrestrial Plants Growth Test
cause one or more specified effects in XX% of a group of
2.4 US EPA Tests:
organisms under specified conditions for a specified time.
Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation Test, 40 CFR 796.3100
3.1.6.1 Discussion—This terminology should be used for
(Also available as EPApublication 560/6-82-003, number
hydraulic fluids instead of the standard effect concentration
CG-2000)
(ECXX) when the hydraulic fluid is not completely soluble
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 40 CFR Parts 796
under test conditions.
and797—EnvironmentalEffectsTestingGuidelines,Fed-
3.1.7 environmental compartment, n—a subdivision of the
eral Register, Vol 50, No. 188, September 27, 1985, p.
environmentbasedonphysicalorchemicalproperties,orboth.
3.1.7.1 Discussion—Examples of environmental compart-
2.5 Environmental Canada Test Methods:
mentsareaerobicfreshwater,aerobicmarine,aerobicsoil,and
Biological Test Method: Acute Lethality Test Using Rain-
anaerobicmedia.Theresultsoftestproceduresmaybeapplied
bow Trout, Report EPS 1/9, Environment Canada, July
to environmental compartments, but the test systems do not
constitute an environmental compartment.
BiologicalTest Method: Reference Method for Determining
Acute Lethality of Effluents to Rainbow Trout, Reference 3.1.8 fresh water environment, n—the aerobic, fresh water
environmental compartment.
Method EPS 1/RM/13, Environment Canada, July 1990
Biological Test Method: Growth Inhibition Test Using the
3.1.9 good laboratory practices (GLP), n—guidelines for
FreshwaterAlga Selenastrum capricornutum, Report EPS
the management of laboratory experiments which are pub-
1/RM/25, Environment Canada, November 1992
lished by regulatory agencies or other recognized groups and
BiologicalTestMethod:AcuteLethalityTestUsing Daphnia
are concerned with the organizational process and the condi-
spp., Report EPS 1/RM/11, Environment Canada, July
tions under which laboratory studies are planned, performed,
monitored, recorded, and reported.
BiodegradabilityofTwo-StrokeCycleOutboardEngineOils
3.1.9.1 Discussion—The major GLPs used are USE-
in Water, CEC L-33-A-934, Co-Ordinating European
PA–TSCA, USFDA, OECD, and to some extent the MITI
Council, 1994 (Formerly L-33-T-82)
version from Japan for submissions in Japan.
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), Good Laboratory
3.1.10 inhibition load XX (ILXX), n—a statistically or
Practice Standards, Final Rule, U.S. Federal Register, 40
graphically estimated loading rate of test material that is
CFR Part 792, August 17, 1989
expected to cause a XX% inhibition of a biological process
2.6 Other Standards:
(such as growth or reproduction) which has an analog as
MENVIQ 92.03/800—D.mag. 1.1, March 1992
opposed to a digital measure.
29 CFR 1910 OSHA Regulated Carcinogens and Potential
3.1.10.1 Discussion—An example of a digital measure
Carcinogens
would be alive or dead. This terminology should be used for
hydraulicfluidsinsteadofthestandardinhibitionconcentration
3. Terminology
(ICXX) when the hydraulic fluid is not completely soluble
3.1 Definitions:
under test conditions.
3.1.1 acute ecotoxicity, n—the propensity of a material to
3.1.11 inoculum, n—spores, bacteria, single-celled organ-
produce adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiological
isms, or other live materials that are introduced into a test
effects in non-human organisms or populations in a short
medium.
period of time, usually not constituting a substantial portion of
3.1.12 lethal load XX (LLXX), n—a statistically or graphi-
the life span of the organism.
cally estimated loading rate of test material that is expected to
3.1.2 aerobic, adj—(1) taking place in the presence of
be lethal to XX% of a group of organisms under specified
oxygen, (2) living or active in the presence of oxygen.
conditions for a specified time.
3.1.3 anaerobic, adj—(1) taking place in the absence of
3.1.12.1 Discussion—This terminology should be used for
oxygen, (2) living or active in the absence of oxygen.
hydraulic fluids instead of the standard lethal concentration
(LCXX) when the hydraulic fluid is not completely soluble
under test conditions.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
3.1.13 loading rate, n—the ratio of test material to aqueous
AvailablefromCEC,MadouPlaza,PlaceMadou1,B-1030Brussels,Belgium.
Available from Ministere de l’Environment, Gouvernment du Quebec. medium used in the preparation of a water accommodated
D6046 – 02 (2006)
fraction (WAF) and in interpretation of the results of a toxicity mixing and includes water, dissolved components, and dis-
study with a poorly water soluble lubricant or lubricant persed droplets of the poorly water soluble material.
component. 3.1.23.1 Discussion—The chemical composition of the
3.1.14 mechanical dispersion, n—a mixture produced by WAF depends on the ratio of poorly soluble material to water
in the original mixture as well as the details of the mixing
the application of mechanical shearing forces to a multi-phase
system, one component of which is water, so as to distribute procedure.
3.1.24 wppm—an abbreviation for part per million by
one or more of the materials uniformly throughout the mass of
the water with the water existing as a continuous phase. weight.
3.1.25 Definitions and terms not given in this classification
3.1.15 pre-adaptation, n—the pre-incubation of an inocu-
may be found in the Compilation of ASTM Standard Defini-
lum in the presence of the test material and under conditions
tions, 1990 or Terminology E943.
similar to the test conditions.
3.1.15.1 Discussion—The aim of pre-adaptation is to im-
4. Significance and Use
provetheprecisionofthetestmethodbydecreasingvariability
4.1 This classification establishes categories of hydraulic
in the rate of biodegradation produced by the inoculum.
fluids which are distinguished by their response to certain
Pre-adaptation may mimic the natural processes which cause
standardized laboratory procedures. These procedures indicate
changesinthemicrobialpopulationoftheinoculumleadingto
the possible response of some environmental compartments to
more rapid biodegradation of the test material but not to a
the introduction of the hydraulic fluid. One set of procedures
change in the final extent of biodegradation.
measures the aerobic aquatic biodegradability (environmental
3.1.16 primary biodegradation, n—degradation of the test
persistence) of the fluids and another set of procedures esti-
material by microorganisms resulting in a change in its
mates the acute ecotoxicity effects of the fluids.
physical or chemical properties, or both.
4.1.1 Although this classification includes categories for
3.1.16.1 Discussion—The extent to which the results of a
both persistence and ecotoxicity, there is no relationship
primary biodegradation test correspond to the biological con-
between the two categories. They may be used independently
version of the test material will depend on the attribute which
of each other, that is, a hydraulic fluid can be categorized with
is being measured.
respect to both sets of laboratory procedures, or to persistence
3.1.17 primary biodegradation test, n—atestwhichfollows
but not ecotoxicity, or to ecotoxicity but not persistence.
the disappearance of a test material by measuring some
4.1.2 There is no relationship between the categories
attribute of the material.
achieved by a hydraulic fluid for persistence and for ecotoxic-
3.1.17.1 Discussion—The extent to which the results of a
ity. The placing of a hydraulic fluid with regard to one set of
primary biodegradation test correspond to the biological con-
categories has no predictive value as to its placement with
version of the test material will depend on the attribute which
regard to the other set of categories.
is being measured.
4.2 The test procedures used to establish the categories of
3.1.18 terrestrial (or soil) environment, n—the aerobic en-
hydraulic fluids are laboratory standard tests and are not
vironmental compartment which is found in and on natural
intended to simulate the natural environment. Definitive field
soils.
studies capable of correlating test results with the actual
3.1.19 theoretical CO , n—the amount of CO which could
2 2
environmental impact of hydraulic fluids are usually site
in theory be produced from the complete oxidation of all the
specific and so are not directly applicable to this classification.
carbon in a material.
Therefore, the categories established by this classification can
3.1.20 theoretical O , n—the amount of oxygen which
serve only as guidance to estimate the actual impact that the
would theoretically be required to completely oxidize a mate-
hydraulic fluids might have on any particular environment.
rial.
4.3 Thisclassificationcanbeusedbyproducersandusersof
3.1.21 ultimate biodegradation, n—degradation achieved
hydraulic fluids to establish a common set of references that
when a material is totally utilized by microorganisms resulting
describe some aspects of the anticipated environmental impact
in the production of carbon dioxide (and possibly methane in
of hydraulic fluids which are incidental to their use.
the case of
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