ASTM D8127-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Coupled Particulate and Elemental Analysis using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) for In-Service Lubricants
Standard Test Method for Coupled Particulate and Elemental Analysis using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) for In-Service Lubricants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It has been shown in many industries that separating information regarding small or dissolved elemental materials in the lubricant from suspended particulate is crucial. In many cases only an overall elemental analysis is provided, which may not capture significant wear or even machinery failure events. Such events are often accompanied by a sudden increase in the production of large particulate, which is suspended in and can be detected in the machinery’s lubricant. This test method specifically targets such particulate, which has historically been difficult to quantify. Users of the technique include numerous military organizations, and maintainers of wind turbines, nuclear power facilities, and offshore rigs.
SCOPE
1.1 This automatic wear particle analysis2 test method for in-service lubricants describes using a combination of pore blockage particle counting and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry for the quantitative determination of solid particle counts larger than four (4) micrometres, and elemental content of suspended particulate of iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) in such lubricants.
1.2 This test method provides for the determination of the elemental content of suspended particulate of Fe greater than 4 μm in the range of 6 mg/kg to 223 mg/kg. Suspended particulate of copper greater than 4 μm is determined in the range of 3.5 mg/kg to 92.4 mg/kg in the lubricant. Total particle count greater than 4 μm is determined in the range of 11 495 particles/mL greater than 4 μm to 2 169 500 particles/mL greater than 4 μm in the lubricant.
1.3 This test method is applicable to all known in-service lubricants (API Groups I-V) at any stage of degradation.
1.4 This test method uses an empirical inter-element correction methodology.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D8127 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Coupled Particulate and Elemental Analysis using X-ray
1
Fluorescence (XRF) for In-Service Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8127; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2 Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This automatic wear particle analysis test method for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
in-service lubricants describes using a combination of pore
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
blockage particle counting and energy dispersive X-ray fluo-
rescence (EDXRF) spectrometry for the quantitative determi-
2. Referenced Documents
nation of solid particle counts larger than four (4) micrometres,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
andelementalcontentofsuspendedparticulateofiron(Fe)and
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
copper (Cu) in such lubricants.
Petroleum Products
1.2 This test method provides for the determination of the
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
elemental content of suspended particulate of Fe greater than
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
4 µm in the range of 6 mg/kg to 223 mg/kg. Suspended
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
particulate of copper greater than 4 µm is determined in the
Petroleum Products
rangeof3.5mg/kgto92.4mg/kginthelubricant.Totalparticle
D7669 Guide for Practical Lubricant Condition Data Trend
count greater than 4 µm is determined in the range of
Analysis
11 495 particles⁄mL greater than 4 µm to 2 169 500 parti-
D7720 Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand Alarm
cles⁄mL greater than 4 µm in the lubricant.
Limits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipment
1.3 This test method is applicable to all known in-service and Oil for Fitness and Contamination
lubricants (API Groups I-V) at any stage of degradation.
D7751 Test Method for Determination ofAdditive Elements
in Lubricating Oils by EDXRF Analysis
1.4 This test method uses an empirical inter-element correc-
D7874 Guide for Applying Failure Mode and Effect Analy-
tion methodology.
sis (FMEA) to In-Service Lubricant Testing
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E1621 Guide for ElementalAnalysis by Wavelength Disper-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
sive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
standard.
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISO 21018:3 Hydraulic fluid power—Monitoring the level
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of particulate contamination of the fluid—Part 3: Use of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the filter blockage technique
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1 contaminant particles, n—particles introduced from
an extraneous source into the lubricant of a machine or engine.
3.1.2 empirical inter-element correction, n—linear inter-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
element correction that is constructed from a matrix of cali-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
bration samples prepared with varying levels and amounts of
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published August 2017. DOI: 10.1520/
known interferences. By diagonalizing the matrix of elements
D8127-17.
and interferences, an equation for the inter-element corrections
2
Iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) alloy metals are common elements for machine load
for each element of interest is obtained.
bearing surfaces including bearings, gears, pistons, rings, valves, pins, couplings,
and cylinders. This in-service lubricant analysis method addresses common chal-
lenges associated with extracting, counting, sizing, and elementally analyzing
3
telltale wear debris so that appropriate observations and actions may be recom- Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
mended. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D8127 − 17
3.1.3 filter active area, n—area of the filter membr
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