ASTM G187-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Two-Electrode Soil Box Method
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Two-Electrode Soil Box Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The resistivity of the surrounding soil environment is a factor in the corrosion of underground structures. High resistivity soils are generally not as corrosive as low resistivity soils. The resistivity of the soil is one of many factors that influence the service life of a buried structure. Soil resistivity may affect the material selection and the location of a structure.
Soil resistivity is of particular importance and interest in the corrosion process because it is basic in the analysis of corrosion problems and the design of corrective measures.
The test method is focused to provide an accurate, expeditious measurement of soil resistivity to assist in the determination of a soil’s corrosive nature. Test Method G57 emphasizes an in situ measurement commonly utilized in the design of a buried structures’ corrosion control (cathodic protection systems’ ground bed design, and so forth). The two-electrode soil box method often compliments the four-pin, in situ soil resistivity method.
The saturated soil resistivity determined by this test method does not necessarily indicate the minimum soil resistivity.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and procedures for the measurement of soil resistivity, for samples removed from the ground, for use in the assessment and control of corrosion of buried structures.
1.2 Procedures allow for this test method to be used in the field or in the laboratory.
1.3 The test method procedures are for the resistivity measurement of soil samples in the saturated condition and in the as-received condition.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Soil resistivity values are reported in ohm-centimeter.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: G187 − 12
StandardTest Method for
Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Two-Electrode
1
Soil Box Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G187; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 Ohm’s law, n—The relationship between the electro-
motive force, the current, and the resistance. Mathematically:
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and procedures
current = electromotive force/resistance or I = E/R; where “I”
for the measurement of soil resistivity, for samples removed
is measured in amperes, “E” in volts, and “R” in ohms.
from the ground, for use in the assessment and control of
3.1.2 resistivity (soil), n—The electrical resistance between
corrosion of buried structures.
opposite faces of a unit cube of material; the reciprocal of
1.2 Procedures allow for this test method to be used in the
conductivity.
field or in the laboratory.
3.1.3 saturated soil, n—soil whose entire soil porosity is
1.3 The test method procedures are for the resistivity
filled with water.
measurement of soil samples in the saturated condition and in
3.1.4 soil box factor, n—A factor which is determined by a
the as-received condition.
two-electrode soil box’s internal dimensions (cross sectional
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
area/distance between electrode plates). The soil box factor is
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
multipliedbythemeasuredresistanceofasubstanceinthesoil
only. Soil resistivity values are reported in ohm-centimeter.
box to obtain that substance’s resistivity.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.5 soil resistance meter, n—An instrument capable of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measuring soil resistance.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.6 two-electrode soil box, n—Anon-conductivecontainer
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
ofknowninternaldimensionswithtwoendplateelectrodesfor
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
measuring a substance’s resistivity.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 The terminology used herein, if not specifically defined
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: otherwise, shall be in accordance with Terminology G193.
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
Definitions provided herein and not given in Terminology
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to G193 are limited only to this standard.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G57Test Method for Field Measurement of Soil Resistivity 4. Summary of Test Method
Using the Wenner Four-Electrode Method
4.1 The two-electrode soil box method is predicated on
G193Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion
measuring the resistance between two opposite faces of a box
containing a substance or solution. That resistance measure-
3. Terminology
ment through the substance being tested is then converted to
3.1 Definitions:
resistivity based on the conversion formula of Eq 1.
4.2 A voltage is applied to the opposing electrodes and the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on
resultingcurrentismeasured.Ohm’slawrevealstheresistance.
Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.10 on
Corrosion in Soils.
The resistivity, ρ, is then:
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
ρ ~ohm 2 cm! 5 AR/d (1)
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as G187–05. DOI:
10.1520/G0187-12.
2 where:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
A = exposed area of one electrode face, cm ,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
R = resistance, ohms, and
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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G187 − 12
FIG. 1 Typical Connections for Use of Soil Box with Soil Resistance Meter
protection systems’ ground bed design, and so forth). The
d = distance between electrodes, cm.
two-electrodesoilboxmethodoftencomplimentsthefour-pin,
3
5. Significance and Use in situ soil resistivity method.
5.1 The resistivity of the surrounding soil environment is a
5.4 The saturated soil resistivity determined by this test
factor in the corrosion of underground structures. High resis-
method does not necessarily indicate the minimum soil resis-
tivity soils are generally not as corros
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:G187–05 Designation:G187–12
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Two-Electrode
1
Soil Box Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G187; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and aprocedures for the measurement of soil resistivity, for samples removed from
the ground, for use in the assessment and control of corrosion of buried structures.
1.2 Procedures allow for this test method to be used in the field or in the laboratory.
1.3 The test method procedures are for the resistivity measurement of soil samples in the saturated condition and in the
as-received condition.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Soil resistivity values are reported in ohm-centimeter.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
G15Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing ASTM Standards:
G57Test Method for Field Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Wenner Four-Electrode Method
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 AISI Specifications:
AISI DesignationType 304
AISI DesignationType 316 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G57 Test Method for Field Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Wenner Four-Electrode Method
G193 Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Ohm’s lawOhm’s law, n—The relationship between the electromotive force, the current, and the resistance. Mathemati-
cally: current = electromotive force/resistance or I = E/R; where “I” is measured in amperes, “E” in volts, and “R” in ohms.
3.1.2 Resistivity (soil)resistivity (soil), n—The electrical resistance between opposite faces of a unit cube of material; the
reciprocal of conductivity.
3.1.3 Saturated soilsaturated soil, n—soil whose entire soil porosity is filled with water.
3.1.4 Soil box factorsoil box factor, n—A factor which is determined by a two-electrode soil box’s internal dimensions (cross
sectional area/distance between electrode plates). The soil box factor is multiplied by the measured resistance of a substance in
the soil box to obtain that substance’s resistivity.
3.1.5 Soil resistance metersoil resistance meter, n—An instrument capable of measuring soil resistance.
3.1.6 Two-electrode soil boxtwo-electrode soil box, n—Anon-conductive container of known internal dimensions with two end
plate electrodes for measuring a substance’s resistivity.
3.2 The terminology used herein, if not specifically defined otherwise, shall be in accordance with Terminology G15G193.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.10 on Corrosion in
Soils.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. DOI: 10.1520/G0187-05.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as G187–05. DOI:
10.1520/G0187-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G187–12
Definitions provided herein and not given in Terminology G15 G193 are limited only to this standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Thetwo-electrodesoilboxmethodispredicatedonmeasuringtheresistancebetweentwooppositefacesofaboxcontaining
a substance or solution. That resistance measurement through the substance being tested is then converted to resistivity based on
the conversion formu
...
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