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ASTM D6593-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Sequence VG test² and has been correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation.³ It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL performance category.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A1.
1.4 A Table of Contents follows:
SectionScope1Referenced Documents2ASTM Standards2.1SAE Standards3.2.3ANSI Standard2.2Terminology3Definitions3.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard3.2Summary of Test Method4Significance and Use5Apparatus-General Description6Apparatus-The Test Engine7Sequence VG Test Engine7.1Required New Engine Parts7.2Reusable Engine Parts7.3Specially Fabricated Engine Parts7.4Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment7.5Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation7.6Solvents and Cleaners Required7.7Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations7.8Assembling the Test Engine-Installations7.9Engine Installation on the Test Stand7.10Engine Fluids-Supply/Discharge Systems8Intake Air8.1Fuel and Fuel System8.2Engine Oil and Engine Oil System8.3Coolants8.4Measurement Instrumentation9Temperatures9.1Pressures9.2Flow Rates9.3Fuel Consumption9.4Speed and Load9.5Exhaust Gas9.6Humidity9.7Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment10Test Stand Calibration11Test Procedure12Pre-Test Procedure12.1Engine Operating Procedure12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions12.3Special Maintenance Procedures12.4Diagnostic Data Review12.5End of Test Procedure12.6Interpretation of Test Results13Parts Rating Area-Environment13.1Sludge Ratings13.2Varnish Ratings13.3Clogging13.4Sticking13.5Used Oil Analyses13.6Assessment of Test Validity14General14.1Average Exhaust Gas NOx Levels13.1.5Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation14.2Blowby Flow Rate14.3Manifold Absolute Pressure14.4Fuel Consumption Rate14.5Oil Consumption14.6Engine Parts Replacement14.7Quality Index and Deviation Percentage14.8Final Test Report15Report Forms15.1Photographs15.2Precision and Bias16Keywords17ANNEXES Safety PrecautionsAnnex A1Control and Data Acquisition RequirementsAnnex A2Detailed Specifications and Photographs of ApparatusAnnex A3Special Service Tools for the Test EngineAnnex A4Test Engine Part Number ListingAnnex A5External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning TechniqueAnnex A6Sequence VG Report Forms and Data DictionaryAnnex A7Dipstick CalibrationAnnex A8Critical Part Supplier ListAnnex A9Operational Data Log-Engine OilAnnex A10Rating WorksheetsAnnex A11Fuel Injector Flow MeasurementsAnnex A12APPENDIXESPiston and Ring Measurements Record FormsAppendix X1Sources of Materials and InformationAppendix X2Description of Scott Quarterly Gas Audit ServiceAppendix X3

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2003
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.01 - Passenger Car Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6593-02a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D6593-03a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7320-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6681-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6984-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8279-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Timing-Chain Wear in a Turbocharged, Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition, Four-Cylinder Engine
Effective Date
10-May-2003

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ASTM D6593-03 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty ConditionsASTM D6593-03 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
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ASTM D6593-03 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6593 – 03
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of
Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion
Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-
1
Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Reusable Engine Parts 7.3
Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Se-
Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5
2
quence VG test and has been correlated with vehicles used in
Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6
Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7
stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to
Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8
3
sludge and varnish formation. It is one of the test methods
Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9
required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL
Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10
Engine Fluids-Supply/Discharge Systems 8
performance category.
Intake Air 8.1
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Fuel and Fuel System 8.2
standard. Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3
Coolants 8.4
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Measurement Instrumentation 9
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Temperatures 9.1
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Pressures 9.2
Flow Rates 9.3
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Fuel Consumption 9.4
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
Speed and Load 9.5
statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, Exhaust Gas 9.6
Humidity 9.7
9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A1.
Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10
1.4 A Table of Contents follows:
Test Stand Calibration 11
Test Procedure 12
Section
Pre-Test Procedure 12.1
Scope 1
Engine Operating Procedure 12.2
Referenced Documents 2
Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3
ASTM Standards 2.1
Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4
SAE Standards 3.2.3
Diagnostic Data Review 12.5
ANSI Standard 2.2
End of Test Procedure 12.6
Terminology 3
Interpretation of Test Results 13
Definitions 3.1
Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1
Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard 3.2
Sludge Ratings 13.2
Summary of Test Method 4
Varnish Ratings 13.3
Significance and Use 5
Clogging 13.4
Apparatus-General Description 6
Sticking 13.5
Apparatus-The Test Engine 7
Used Oil Analyses 13.6
Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1
Assessment of Test Validity 14
Required New Engine Parts 7.2
General 14.1
Average Exhaust Gas NO Levels 13.1.5
x
Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2
1
Blowby Flow Rate 14.3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Oil Consumption 14.6
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
Engine Parts Replacement 14.7
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 6593–02a.
2 Quality Index and Deviation Percentage 14.8
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
Final Test Report 15
will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information
Report Forms 15.1
letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave.,
Photographs 15.2
Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates
Precision and Bias 16
revisions in all information Letters through No. 02-4.
Keywords 17
3
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
ANNEXES
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02-1472.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6593–03
D 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
Safety Precautions Annex A1
Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A2
ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-
Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A3
ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base
Special Service Tools for the Test Engine Annex A4
Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emissions
Test Engine Part Number Listing Annex A5
5
External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique Annex A6
Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
Sequence VG Report Forms
...

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1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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