ASTM E1226-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Explosibility of Dust Clouds
Standard Test Method for Explosibility of Dust Clouds
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a procedure for performing laboratory tests to evaluate deflagration parameters of dusts.
The data developed by this test method may be used for the purpose of sizing deflagration vents in conjunction with the nomographs and equations published in NFPA 68, ISO 6184/1, or VDI 3673.
The values obtained by this testing technique are specific to the sample tested and the method used and are not to be considered intrinsic material constants.
For hard-to-ignite dusts with low KSt-values, a very strong ignitor may overdrive a 20-L chamber, as discussed in E1515 and Ref (1). If a dust has measurable (nonzero) Pmax- and KSt-values with a 5000 or 10 000-J ignitor but not with a 2500-J ignitor in a 20-L chamber, this may be an overdriven system. In this case, it is recommended that the dust be tested with a 10 000-J ignitor in a larger chamber such as a 1-m3 chamber to determine if it is actually explosible.
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this test method is to provide standard test methods for characterizing the “explosibility” of dust clouds in two ways, first by determining if a dust is “explosible,” meaning a cloud of dust dispersed in air is capable of propagating a deflagration, which could cause a flash fire or explosion; or, if explosible, determining the degree of “explosibility,” meaning the potential explosion hazard of a dust cloud as characterized by the dust explosibility parameters, maximum explosion pressure, Pmax ; maximum rate of pressure rise, (dP/dt)max; and explosibility index, KSt.
1.2 Limitations. Results obtained by the application of the methods of this standard pertain only to certain combustion characteristics of dispersed dust clouds. No inference should be drawn from such results relating to the combustion characteristics of dusts in other forms or conditions (for example, ignition temperature or spark ignition energy of dust clouds, ignition properties of dust layers on hot surfaces, ignition of bulk dust in heated environments, etc.)
1.3 Use. It is intended that results obtained by application of this test be used as elements of an explosion risk assessment that takes into account other pertinent risk factors; and in the specification of explosion prevention systems (see, for example NFPA 68, NFPA 69, and NFPA 654) when used in conjunction with approved or recognized design methods by those skilled in the art.
Note 1—Historically, the evaluation of the deflagration parameters of maximum pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise has been performed using a 1.2-L Hartmann Apparatus. Test Method E789, which describes this method, has been withdrawn. The use of data obtained from the test method in the design of explosion protection systems is not recommended.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E1226 −12
StandardTest Method for
1
Explosibility of Dust Clouds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Particulate solids of combustible materials present a significant risk of dust explosion if suspended
in air and subjected to an ignition source. The methods of this standard can be used to determine if
a dispersed dust cloud is “explosible” and, if so, to what degree it is explosible, that is, its
“explosibility.” Knowledge that a dust may be explosible if dispersed as a dust cloud is important in
the conduct of a process hazard safety review. Contained herein is an explosibility or go/no-go
screening test procedure for the purpose of determining whether a dust sample is explosible.
If a dust is explosible, the explosibility parameters, maximum explosion pressure, P ; maximum
max
rate of pressure rise, (dP/dt) ; and explosibility index, K , are useful in the design of explosion
max St
prevention and control measures as described in national (NFPA) and international (ISO, CEN and
others) explosion protection standards.
1. Scope NFPA68, NFPA69, and NFPA654) when used in conjunction
with approved or recognized design methods by those skilled
1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this test method is to provide
in the art.
standard test methods for characterizing the “explosibility” of
NOTE 1—Historically, the evaluation of the deflagration parameters of
dust clouds in two ways, first by determining if a dust is
maximumpressureandmaximumrateofpressurerisehasbeenperformed
“explosible,” meaning a cloud of dust dispersed in air is
using a 1.2-L Hartmann Apparatus. Test Method E789, which describes
capable of propagating a deflagration, which could cause a this method, has been withdrawn. The use of data obtained from the test
methodinthedesignofexplosionprotectionsystemsisnotrecommended.
flashfireorexplosion;or,ifexplosible,determiningthedegree
of “explosibility,” meaning the potential explosion hazard of a
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
dust cloud as characterized by the dust explosibility
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
parameters, maximum explosion pressure, P ; maximum
standard.
max
rate of pressure rise, (dP/dt) ; and explosibility index, K .
max St
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 Limitations. Results obtained by the application of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
methods of this standard pertain only to certain combustion
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
characteristicsofdisperseddustclouds.Noinferenceshouldbe priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
drawn from such results relating to the combustion character-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
istics of dusts in other forms or conditions (for example,
2. Referenced Documents
ignition temperature or spark ignition energy of dust clouds,
2
ignition properties of dust layers on hot surfaces, ignition of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bulk dust in heated environments, etc.)
D3173Test Method for Moisture in theAnalysis Sample of
Coal and Coke
1.3 Use.Itisintendedthatresultsobtainedbyapplicationof
D3175Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis
this test be used as elements of an explosion risk assessment
Sample of Coal and Coke
that takes into account other pertinent risk factors; and in the
E789Test Method for Dust Explosions in a 1.2-Litre Closed
specificationofexplosionpreventionsystems(see,forexample
3
Cylindrical Vessel (Withdrawn 2007)
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E27 on Hazard For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.05 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Explosibility and Ignitability of Dust Clouds. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1226–10. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/E1226-12. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1226−12
E1445Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemi- 3.2.2 P —maximum pressure rise produced duri
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1226–10 Designation: E1226 – 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Explosibility of Dust Clouds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Particulate solids of combustible materials present a significant risk of dust explosion if suspended
in air and subjected to an ignition source. The methods of this standard can be used to determine if
a dispersed dust cloud is “explosible” and, if so, to what degree it is explosible, i.e. that is, its
“explosibility.” Knowledge that a dust may be explosible if dispersed as a dust cloud is important in
the conduct of a process hazard safety review. Contained herein is an explosibility or go/no-go
screening test procedure for the purpose of determining whether a dust sample is explosible.
If a dust is explosible, the explosibility parameters, maximum explosion pressure, P ; maximum
max
rate of pressure rise, (dP/dt) ; and explosibility index, K , are useful in the design of explosion
max St
prevention and control measures as described in national (NFPA) and international (ISO, CEN and
others) explosion protection standards.
1. Scope
1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this test method is to provide standard test methods for characterizing the “explosibility” of dust
cloudsintwoways,firstbydeterminingifadustis“explosible,”meaningacloudofdustdispersedinairiscapableofpropagating
adeflagration,whichcouldcauseaflashfireorexplosion;or,ifexplosible,determiningthedegreeof“explosibility,”meaningthe
potential explosion hazard of a dust cloud as characterized by the dust explosibility parameters, maximum explosion pressure,
P ; maximum rate of pressure rise, (dP/dt) ; and explosibility index, K .
max max St
1.2 Limitations. Results obtained by the application of the methods of this standard pertain only to certain combustion
characteristics of dispersed dust clouds. No inference should be drawn from such results relating to the combustion characteristics
of dusts in other forms or conditions (e.g.,(for example, ignition temperature or spark ignition energy of dust clouds, ignition
properties of dust layers on hot surfaces, ignition of bulk dust in heated environments, etc.)
1.3 Use. It is intended that results obtained by application of this test be used as elements of an explosion risk assessment that
takes into account other pertinent risk factors; and in the specification of explosion prevention systems (see, for example NFPA
68, NFPA69, and NFPA654) when used in conjunction with approved or recognized design methods by those skilled in the art.
NOTE 1—Historically, the evaluation of the deflagration parameters of maximum pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise has been doneperformed
using a 1.2-LHartmannApparatus.Test Method E789, which describes this method, has been withdrawn.The use of data obtained from the test method
in the design of explosion protection systems is not recommended.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D3175 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E27 on Hazard Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.05 on
Explosibility and Ignitability of Dust Clouds.
CurrenteditionapprovedJan.1,2010.PublishedMarch2010.Originallyapprovedin1988.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asE1226–09.DOI:10.1520/E1226-10.
Current edition approved May 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1226–10. DOI:
10.1520/E1226-12.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM Interna
...
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