ASTM D217-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
Standard Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These cone penetration tests not only evaluate the consistency of lubricating greases over the full range of NLGI numbers from 000 to 6, but also evaluate the consistency of stiff greases having penetration numbers less than 85. In contrast, Test Method D937 is aimed at petrolatums and Test Method D1403 uses less precise one-quarter and one-half scale equipment intended for use when the sample quantity is limited.
Cone penetration test results provide one measure of the consistency of a grease. Worked penetration results are required to determine to which NLGI consistency grade a grease belongs. Undisturbed penetration results provide a means of evaluating the effect of storage conditions on grease consistency.
Although no correlation has been developed between cone penetration results and field service, the cone penetrations obtained by the four procedures are widely used for specification purposes, such as in users' material specifications and suppliers' manufacturing specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover four procedures for measuring the consistency of lubricating greases by the penetration of a cone of specified dimensions, mass, and finish. The penetration is measured in tenths of a millimetre.
Note 1—The National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) classified greases according to their consistency as measured by the worked penetration. The classification system is as follows:
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Designation: D217 − 10
Designation: 50/88
Standard Test Methods for
1
Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D217; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.2 None of the four procedures is considered suitable for
the measurement of the consistency of petrolatums by penetra-
1.1 These test methods cover four procedures for measuring
tion. Test Method D937 should be used for such products.
the consistency of lubricating greases by the penetration of a
cone of specified dimensions, mass, and finish.The penetration 1.3 The dimensions of the equipment described in these test
is measured in tenths of a millimetre. methods are given in inches and fractions of an inch. These
units were retained because a vast body of data has been
2
NOTE 1—The National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) classified
obtained using equipment with the dimensions shown. Metric
greases according to their consistency as measured by the worked
equivalency tables are provided with each figure.Temperatures
penetration. The classification system is as follows:
and other dimensions are given in the preferred SI units; the
NLGI Worked Penetration Range,
Consistency Number 25°C (77°F)
values shown in parentheses are provided for information.
000 445 to 475
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
00 400 to 430
0 355 to 385
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1 310 to 340
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2 265 to 295
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3 220 to 250
4 175 to 205
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5 130 to 160
6 85to115
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.1 The procedures for unworked, worked, and prolonged
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
worked penetration are applicable to greases having penetra-
D937 Test Method for Cone Penetration of Petrolatum
tions between 85 and 475, that is, to greases with consistency
D1403 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
numbers between NLGI 6 and NLGI 000. An undisturbed
Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone
penetration test, described in Appendix X1, is similar to the
Equipment
unworked penetration test.
1.1.2 The block penetration procedure is applicable to
3. Terminology
greases that are sufficiently hard to hold their shape. Such
greases usually have penetrations below eighty-five tenths of a 3.1 Definitions:
millimetre.
3.1.1 consistency, n—of lubricating grease, the degree of
1.1.3 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent the resistance to movement under stress.
consistency of greases in use as effectively as do worked
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Thetermconsistencyisusedsomewhat
penetrations. The latter are usually preferred for inspecting synonymously with penetration. Generally, consistency refers
lubricating greases.
to the worked penetration of a grease.
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
1
These test methods are the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
3.1.3 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests. In the IP, these test a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
methods are under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. These test
methods were adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1969.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
3
approved in 1925. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D217–02(2007). DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D0217-10. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
National Lubricating Grease Institute, 4635 Wyandotte St., Kansas City, MO Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
64112-1596. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D217 − 10
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are
commonly included to impart special properties.
3.1.4 penetrometer, n—a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D217–02 (Reapproved 2007) Designation:D217–10
Designation: 50/88
Standard Test Methods for
1
Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D217; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover four procedures for measuring the consistency of lubricating greases by the penetration of a cone
of specified dimensions, mass, and finish. The penetration is measured in tenths of a millimetre.
2
NOTE 1—The National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) classified greases according to their consistency as measured by the worked penetration.
The classification system is as follows:
NLGI Worked Penetration Range,
Consistency Number 25°C (77°F)
000 445 to 475
00 400 to 430
0 355 to 385
1 310 to 340
2 265 to 295
3 220 to 250
4 175 to 205
5 130 to 160
6 85 to 115
1.1.1 The procedures for unworked, worked, and prolonged worked penetration are applicable to greases having penetrations
between 85 and 475, that is, to greases with consistency numbers between NLGI 6 and NLGI 000.An undisturbed penetration test,
described in Appendix X1, is similar to the unworked penetration test.
1.1.2 The block penetration procedure is applicable to greases that are sufficiently hard to hold their shape. Such greases usually
have penetrations below eighty-five tenths of a millimetre.
1.1.3 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent the consistency of greases in use as effectively as do worked
penetrations. The latter are usually preferred for inspecting lubricating greases.
1.2 None of the four procedures is considered suitable for the measurement of the consistency of petrolatums by penetration.
Test Method D937 should be used for such products.
1.3 The dimensions of the equipment described in these test methods are given in inches and fractions of an inch. These units
were retained because a vast body of data has been obtained using equipment with the dimensions shown. Metric equivalency
tables are provided with each figure. Temperatures and other dimensions are given in the preferred SI units; the values shown in
parentheses are provided for information.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
These test methods are the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.G0.02
on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests. In the IP, these test methods are under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. These test methods were adopted
as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1969.
Current edition approved Nov.May 1, 2007.2010. Published January 2008.June 2010. Originally approved in 1925. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 as
D217–02(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D0217-02R07.10.1520/D0217-10.
2
National Lubricating Grease Institute, 4635 Wyandotte St., Kansas City, MO 64112-1596.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D217–10
D937 Test Method for Cone Penetration of Petrolatum
D1403 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone Equipment
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 consistency, n—of lubricating grease, the degree of resistance to movement under stress.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The term consistency is used somewhat synonymously with penetration. Generally, consistency refers to
the worked penetration of a grease.
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
3.1.3 lubr
...
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