ASTM A898/A898M-91(1996)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 898/A 898M – 91 (Reapproved 1996)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Straight Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel
Structural Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 898/A 898M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
1.1 This specification covers the procedure and acceptance
3. Ordering Information
standards for straight beam, pulse echo, ultrasonic examination
3.1 The inquiry and order should indicate the following:
of rolled structural shapes having a minimum section thickness
1 3.1.1 Acceptance level requirements will be Level II unless
of ⁄2 in. [12.5 mm]. It was developed to ensure delivery of steel
otherwise specified.
structural shapes free of gross internal discontinuities such as
3.1.2 Any additions to the provisions of this specification as
pipe, ruptures, or laminations and is to be used whenever the
outlined in 8.3.
inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the shapes
3.1.3 Supplementary requirements, if any.
are to be ultrasonically examined. Two levels of acceptance
standards are included. Level II is intended for normal appli-
4. Apparatus
cations where freedom from gross internal discontinuities is
4.1 The manufacturer shall furnish suitable ultrasonic
desired, particularly in connection regions. Level I is intended
equipment and qualified personnel necessary for performing
for critical applications such as welded chord members used in
the examination. The equipment shall be straight beam, pulse-
tension loading, where internal discontinuities could be detri-
echo and span a nominal test frequency range of 1 to 5 MHz.
mental. Level II is normally applicable unless otherwise
The search unit shall be within the range of ⁄2 in. [12.5 mm] to
specified in contract documents or the purchase order. Supple-
1 1
1 ⁄8 in. [30 mm] in diameter or ⁄2 [12.5 mm] to 1 in. [25 mm]
mentary requirements for alternative scanning coverages are
square (including the pitch-catch type probe). The test shall be
provided.
performed by one of the following methods: contact, immer-
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
sion, or liquid column coupling.
be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units
4.2 Other search units may be used for evaluating and
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not
pin-pointing indications.
exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde-
pendently of the other. Combining values from the two systems
5. Personnel Qualification
may result in nonconformance with the specification.
5.1 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with
this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance
2. Referenced Documents
with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent
A 6/A 6M Specification for General Requirements for
standard is one that covers the qualification and certification of
Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet
ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates, and that is
Piling
acceptable to the purchaser.
E 317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics
of Ultrasonic Pulse Echo Testing Systems without the Use
6. Test Conditions
of Electronic Measurement Instruments
6.1 Conduct the examination in an area free of operations
2.2 ASNT Standard:
that interfere with proper functioning of equipment and testing
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
personnel.
6.2 The section surfaces shall be sufficiently clean and
smooth to maintain a back reflection from the opposite side of
the flanges, legs, and webs approximately comparable to the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
height observed at the scanning gain level obtained in 8.2.
A01.02 on Structural Steel for Bridges, Buildings, Rolling Stock, and Ships.
6.3 The surfaces of the shapes inspected by this method may
Current edition approved July 15, 1991. Published September 1991. Originally
published as A 898/A 898M – 90. Last previous edition A 898/A 898M – 90.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., P.O. Box
28518, Columbus, OH 43228.
A 898/A 898M
be expected to contain a residue of oil or rust or both. Any
specified identification that is removed when grinding as a
result of surface preparation or examination shall be restored.
7. Calibration
7.1 Standards having ⁄2 in. [12.5 mm] diameter flat bot-
tomed holes are used for calibration. The metal distance
between the hole bottom and sound entry surface in relation to
section thickness is given in Table 1.
7.2 Standards shall be obtained from a rolled structural
shape or plate having surface conditions and acoustic proper-
ties similar to that of the product being inspected.
FIG. 1 Scanning Pattern and Coverage
8. Test Method
9. Acceptance Standards
8.1 Ultrasonic examination shall be made on the major
9.1 Any discontinuity indication that equals or exceeds the
surface of each flange and one major web surface. Evaluation
reference level response from the flat-bottomed hole shall be
of indications may require inspection from an opposite surface.
evaluated. A reference level indication that exceeds any of the
8.2 The reference level sensitivity shall be established by
fo
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