ASTM F1381-92(2003)

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Designation:F1381–92 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Guide for
Planning and Developing 9-1-1 Enhanced Telephone
Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This guide recommends minimum performance require-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ments for enhanced access to public safety services using the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NorthAmerican standard emergency telephone number, 9-1-1.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 This guide provides assistance to states, counties, and
local jurisdictions in the development of 9-1-1 enhanced
2. Terminology
systems.
2.1 Definitions:
1.3 This guide makes recommendations for planning and
2.1.1 9-1-1, n—a three-digit telephone number to facilitate
organizational needs in the development of 9-1-1 enhanced
the reporting of an incident or situation requiring response by
systems.
a public safety agency.
1.4 This guide does not address access to public safety
2.1.2 Poisson Distribution, n—a probability density func-
response services through means other than use of the 9-1-1
tion that is often used as a mathematical model of the number
telephone number.
of outcomes obtained in a suitable interval of time and space.
1.5 This guide applies only to the use of the number 9-1-1
In 9-1-1 it is used to predict potential call blockage during
to request a public safety response, from the point of initiation
normal busy periods.
of the call through the point that the caller is connected to the
2.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsible agency, or essential information needed for dispo-
2.2.1 abandoned call, n—a call placed to 9-1-1 in which the
sition of the call, or both, is received.
callerdisconnectsbeforethecallcanbeansweredbythepublic
1.6 The sections in this guide are arranged in the following
safety answering point (PSAP) attendant.
order:
2.2.2 action agency, n—the public safety agency having a
Section
legal or consensual obligation to respond to a call for service.
Scope 1
Terminology 2
2.2.3 alternate routing, n—the capability of automatically
Significance and Use 3
rerouting 9-1-1 calls to a designated alternate location(s) if all
Concept of Operation for 9-1-1 Telephone Systems 4
9-1-1 trunks from a central office or to a primary PSAP are
9-1-1 Performance Factors 4.1
9-1-1 Performance Requirements 4.2
busy or out of service. May also be activated upon request, or
Coordinating 9-1-1 Systems 5
automatically if detectable, when 9-1-1 equipment fails or the
State 9-1-1 Statutory Provisions 6
PSAP itself is disabled.
9-1-1 Funding 7
Funding Alternatives 7.1
2.2.4 answering position, n—an appropriately equipped lo-
Funding considerations 7.2
cation within a PSAP that is used to receive incoming 9-1-1
Geographical Data Bases 8
calls.
Automatic Location Identification 8.1
Uniform Address Program 8.2
2.2.5 audible signal, n—a sound that indicates an incoming
Selective Call Routing 8.3
9-1-1 call.
Service Areas 8.4
2.2.6 automatic call distributor (ACD), n— equipment that
Other Planning Concerns 9
Public Education 9.1
distributes incoming calls to available PSAP attendants in the
Personnel Training 9.2
order the calls are received, or holds calls until an attendant
becomes available.
2.2.7 automatic location identification (ALI), n—the auto-
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on Emergency
matic display at the PSAPof the caller’s telephone number, the
Medical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.04 on
address for the telephone and supplementary information.
Communications.
2.2.8 automatic number identification (ANI), n—the auto-
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published March 2003. Originally
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as F 1381 – 92 (1997). matic display at the PSAP of the caller’s telephone number.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1381–92 (2003)
2.2.9 average busiest hour, n—the 1-h period during the 2.2.27 data base, n—a collection of information organized
week statistically shown over time to be the hour in which the in a computer to facilitate rapid search and retrieval. In this
most emergency telephone calls are received. guide,suchdatabasesincludeMSAG,telephonenumber/ESN,
and telephone customer records.
2.2.10 call detail logging, n—a means of establishing chro-
nological and operational accountability for each 9-1-1 call 2.2.28 data management system (DMS), n—the combina-
tion of manual procedures and computer programs used to
processed, consisting minimally of the caller’s telephone
number, the date and time the 9-1-1 telephone equipment create, store, manipulate, and update data required to provide
selective routing and ALI.
established initial connection (trunk seizure), the time the call
was answered, the time the call was transferred (if applicable), 2.2.29 dedicated trunk, n—a telephone circuit used for one
the time the call was disconnected, the trunk line used, and the purpose only; that is, transmission of 9-1-1 calls.
identity of the PSAP attendant’s position. Also known as ANI
2.2.30 defaultrouting,n—thecapabilitytoroutea9-1-1call
printout. to a designated (default) PSAP when the incoming 9-1-1 call
2.2.11 called party hold, n—the capability to maintain cannot be selectively routed due to an ANI failure, garbled
digits, or other cause.
control of an incoming 9-1-1 call by a PSAP attendant for
tracing or confirmation of an emergency even if the caller 2.2.31 dial tone first, n—the provision of dial tone to enable
a caller to originate and complete 9-1-1 calls from public
hangs up.
telephones without inserting a coin or any other device. Also
2.2.12 call progress signals, n—audible cues to advise
known as coin-free dialing.
9-1-1 users of the status of their calls.
2.2.32 direct dispatch, n—the functions of 9-1-1 call an-
2.2.13 call relay, n—disposition of a 9-1-1 call by the
sweringanddispatchingarebothperformedbypersonnelatthe
notation of pertinent information by the PSAP attendant who
primary PSAP.
forwards the information to the action agency.
2.2.33 diverse routing, n—the practice of routing calls
2.2.14 call referral, n—disposition of a 9-1-1 call by advice
through different circuit paths in order to prevent total loss of
tothecalleroftheappropriatenumberstocallotherthan9-1-1.
the 9-1-1 system in the event an individual circuit is disabled.
2.2.15 call transfer, n—the extending of a 9-1-1 call by a
2.2.34 emergency service number (ESN), n—anumberused
PSAP attendant to connect the caller with the action agency.
in the DMS to designate the public safety agencies responsible
2.2.16 central offıce (CO), n—a telephone company facility
for service to the location of each telephone in a 9-1-1 service
that houses the switching and trunking equipment serving
area, for the purpose of determining call routing. Also see
telephones in a defined area. Also known as end offıce.
emergency service zone (ESZ).
2.2.17 circuit routes, n—a means of two-way communica-
2.2.35 electronic switching system (ESS), n— a central
tion between two terminal installations.
office with programmable switching logic. Can also be used as
2.2.18 class of service, n—a service order code designation
a tandem.
of the telephone service features to which business and
2.2.36 emergency service zone (ESZ), n—a defined geo-
residence customers subscribe.
graphical territory consisting of a specific combination of law
2.2.19 computer-aided dispatch (CAD), n— a computer-
enforcement,fire,andemergencymedicalcoverageareas.Also
based system intended to increase the efficiency and accuracy
see emergency service number (ESN).
of public safety call handling and dispatching.
2.2.37 end office, n—see central offıce.
2.2.20 computer-aided dispatch (CAD) interface, n—the
2.2.38 enhanced 9-1-1, n—a telephone system which in-
means of automatically introducing the ALI data into a
cludes ANI, ALI, and (optionally) selective routing, to facili-
computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system, as opposed to manu-
tate appropriate public safety response.
ally entering the information.
2.2.39 exchange, n—a defined area, served by one or more
2.2.21 conference transfer, n—the capability of transferring
telephone central offices, within which a telephone company
a call to the action agency and allowing the PSAP attendant to
furnishes service.
monitor or participate in the call after it has been transferred to
2.2.40 fixed transfer, n—the capability of a PSAP attendant
the action agency. Also known as three-way calling.
to transfer a 9-1-1 call to the agency associated with a single
2.2.22 contiguous agency, n—a public safety agency whose
button.
jurisdiction is adjacent to the area served by a 9-1-1 system.
2.2.41 forced disconnect, n—the capability of a PSAP
2.2.23 cross tandem transfer, n—the capability of transfer-
attendant to disconnect a 9-1-1 call to prevent jamming of the
ring a call over the 9-1-1 network from a PSAP served by one
incoming lines.
tandem office to another PSAP served by a different tandem
2.2.42 foreign exchange (FX) service, n— a telephone line
office.
switched in an exchange or central office other than the
2.2.24 customer comments, n—supplementary information
exchange or central office in which the telephone is located.
useful in dispatching, provided in conjunction with ALI dis-
2.2.43 interconnect, n—the connection of the serving tele-
plays.
phone company’s equipment with the equipment of another
2.2.25 customer premises equipment (CPE), n— terminal
vendor. Also a generic term used to refer to a non-telephone
equipment at a PSAP or secondary answering location.
company vendor.
2.2.26 cutover, n—the actuation of a new telephone call 2.2.44 interlocal services agreement, n— an agreement
processing or switching system. among governmental jurisdictions or privately owned systems,
F1381–92 (2003)
or both, within a specified area to share 9-1-1 system costs, 2.2.62 splash ringing, n—the capability to provide an au-
maintenance responsibilities, and other considerations. dible signal simultaneously with trunk seizure on an incoming
9-1-1 call.
2.2.45 logging recorder, n—a device that records date/time,
2.2.63 tandem, n—a switching system in the public
voice communications, and other transactions involved in the
switched telephone network or a privately owned system that
processing of calls to a PSAP.
establishes 9-1-1 call routing.
2.2.46 main station, n—a telephone that is connected di-
2.2.64 tandem offıce, n—the location of the routing table
rectly to a central office and has a unique telephone number. It
and equipment to direct 9-1-1 calls to the appropriate PSAP.
is not an extension.
2.2.65 TDD/TTY, n—a telecommunication device for the
2.2.47 master street address guide (MSAG), n— a data base
hearing or speech impaired, or both.
of street names and address ranges within their associated
2.2.66 thousands number group, n—theentirelastfour-digit
communities defining emergency service zones for 9-1-1
group of numbers in an exchange, sometimes used to deter-
purposes.
mine default routing locations.
2.2.48 network, n—an arrangement of main stations inter-
2.2.67 trunk, n—a circuit connecting switching equipment
connected by means of communications channels organized to
at two sites (for example, between a PBX and central office,
perform or serve a common function.
between two central offices).
2.2.49 nonselective routing, n—the capability of routing
2.2.68 trunk group, n—one or more trunks terminated at the
9-1-1 calls by the use of the NXX or trunk group.
same two points.
2.2.50 NXX, n—the first three digits of a local telephone 2.2.69 trunk seizure, n—the point at which a call is assigned
number that identifies the central office switching location to a trunk and acknowledgement is provided by the 9-1-1 call
within its area code. Also erroneously referred to as NNX. processing equipment.
2.2.70 uninterruptible power system (UPS), n— the capa-
2.2.51 P.01 grade of service, n—a measure of emergency
bilityofprovidingacontinuoussourceofpowerwithoutregard
telephone service in which no more than one call in 100
to the interruption or loss of commercial power.Also known as
attempts will be blocked during the average busiest hour.
uninterruptible power supply.
2.2.52 pilot number, n—a telephone customer’s main ac-
2.3 Abbreviations:Abbreviations:
count number, lead number, listed number, or billing number.
2.3.1 NHTSA—National Highway Traffic Safety Adminis-
2.2.53 private branch exchange (PBX), n— a private, inter-
tration, United States Department of Transportation.
nally switched telephone system, of significance to 9-1-1
2.3.2 NTIA—National Telecommunications and Informa-
systems because internal stations may not be individually
tion Administration, United States Department of Commerce.
contained in the DMS and, as a result, will not be displayed by
2.4 Acronyms:Acronyms:
ANI or ALI equipment.
2.4.1 ACD—automatic call distributor.
2.2.54 public safety agency, n—an entity that provides
2.4.2 ALI—automatic location identification.
firefighting, law enforcement, emergency medical, or other
2.4.3 ANI—automatic number identification.
emergency service.
2.4.4 CO—central office.
2.2.55 public safety answering point (PSAP) attendant,
2.4.5 CAD—computer-aided dispatch.
n—a person responsible for answering incoming 9-1-1 calls at
2.4.6 CPE—customer premises equipment.
a PSAP, determining the action to be taken, and executing the
2.4.7 DMS—data management system.
PSAP’s procedures in the disposition of such calls.
2.4.8 ESN—emergency service number.
2.2.56 public safety answering point (PSAP), n—a facility 2.4.9 ESS—electronic switching system.
equipped and staffed to receive 9-1-1 calls. A primary PSAP 2.4.10 ESZ—emergency service zone.
receives the calls directly; if the call is relayed or transferred 2.4.11 FX—foreign exchange.
the next receiving PSAP is designated a secondary PSAP. 2.4.12 MSAG—master street address guide.
2.4.13 PBX—private branch exchange.
2.2.57 public switched telephone network (PSTN), n—the
2.4.14 PSAP—public safety answering point.
totalityofequipment,lines,andcontrolsassembledtoestablish
2.4.15 PSTN—public switched telephone network.
co
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