ASTM D3427-02

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An American National Standard
Designation: D 3427 – 02
Standard Test Method for
1
Air Release Properties of Petroleum Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3427; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
Note 10 and Paragraph 10.4 were corrected, and the yeardate was changed per the Editorial Review Board in October 2002.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the ability of turbine, hydraulic, 4.1 Compressed air is blown through the test oil, which has
and gear oils to separate entrained air. been heated to a temperature of 25, 50, or 75°C. After the air
flow is stopped, the time required for the air entrained in the oil
NOTE 1—This test method was developed for mineral based oils. It may
to reduce in volume to 0.2 % is recorded as the air release time.
be used for some synthetic fluids; however, the precision statement applies
only to petroleum oils.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Agitation of lubricating oil with air in equipment, such
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
as bearings, couplings, gears, pumps, and oil return lines, may
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
produce a dispersion of finely divided air bubbles in the oil. If
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the residence time in the reservoir is too short to allow the air
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bubbles to rise to the oil surface, a mixture of air and oil will
circulate through the lubricating oil system. This may result in
2. Referenced Documents
an inability to maintain oil pressure (particularly with centrifu-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
gal pumps), incomplete oil films in bearings and gears, and
2
D 329 Specification for Acetone
poor hydraulic system performance or failure.
3
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5.2 This test method measures the time for the entrained air
D 1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum
content to fall to the relatively low value of 0.2 % volume
4
Oils and Synthetic Fluids
under a standardized set of test conditions and hence permits
5
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
the comparison of the ability of oils to separate entrained air
6
2.2 DIN Standard:
under conditions where a separation time is available. The
DIN 51 381
significance of this test method has not been fully established.
However, entrained air can cause sponginess and lack of
3. Terminology
sensitivity of the control of turbine and hydraulic systems. This
3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:
test may not be suitable for ranking oils in applications where
3.1.1 air release time, n—the number of minutes needed for
residence times are short and gas contents are high.
air entrained in the oil to reduce in volume to 0.2 % under the
conditions of this test and at the specified temperature.
6. Apparatus
6.1 A schematic diagram of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.
The component parts are described as follows:
1
6.1.1 Test Vessel, made of borosilicate glass as shown in Fig.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2, consisting of a jacketed sample tube fitted with an air inlet
D02.C0.02 on Corrosion and Water/Air Separability.
capillary, baffle plate, and air outlet tube. The two parts of each
Current edition approved Oct. 23, 2002. Published October 2002. Originally
test vessel should be marked and preferably used as a pair.
published as D 3427–75. Last previous edition D 3427–99.
2
Interchanged parts may be used so long as the resultant test
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
vessel conforms to the stated dimensions.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
6.1.2 Pressure Gage, covering the range from 0 to 35 kPa,
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
6
with divisions at least every 2 kPa, and an accuracy of 1.5 kPa.
Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6, 1000 Berlin 30,
Germany. 6.1.3 Thermometers:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D3427–02
dangerous. Back pressure in excess of a gage pressure of 70
kPa (10 psi) can be generated when oil is pumped at the
required rate; this can cause fracture of the glass or slippage of
the hose connections. Use of a pressure relief valve set at 70
kPa (10 psi) is recommende
...